RU203561U1 - Trainer-triangle with two types of cells for group exercises to restore counting operations and visual-spatial memory - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to medicine in the field of neurology, neurorehabilitation and neuropsychology and can be used in neurorehabilitation departments of neurological and neurosurgical clinics when conducting group sessions on the restoration of counting operations and visual-spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic with organic brain lesions of various etiologies. contains a plastic plate (1), in the form of an isosceles triangle, located with the base up, on the front and back surfaces of which the main and additional cells-recesses (3, 4) of the same depth are made, and a handle (2) is made in the lower corner of the plate (1) ; in this case, the main recess cells (3) are the same in size and are made with the possibility of inscribing various numbers and images with a water marker, and the additional recess cells (4) have a triangular shape, are the same in size and are made with the ability to fit into them water marker for arithmetic signs and icons; the main recess cells (3) are located as follows: in the lower part of each surface of the plate (1) there is a basic basic recess cell (3), above which horizontal rows of similar basic recessed cells (3) are located so that the number of main recess cells (3) in each horizontal row located above increases by one basic recess cell (3) compared to the horizontal row located below; and additional cell-recesses (4) are made in such a way that each additional cell-recess (4) is located between two adjacent main cells-recesses (3) of each horizontal row; at the same time, the number and location of the cells-recesses (3, 4) on each of the surfaces of the plate (1) is the same. Thus, the "Trainer-triangle" due to its structural elements makes it possible to conduct long-term courses of group lessons on the restoration of counting operations and visually - spatial memory with a wide contingent of patients in a neurological clinic, including patients with fine motor skills and hand tremors. The declared "Triangle Trainer" introduces an element of novelty into the process of recovery exercises, turning them into an interesting and attractive neuropsychological training for patients. Due to its simplicity of design and ease of use, the "Trainer-triangle" can be widely used in clinical practice.

Description

This useful model relates to medicine in the field of neurology, neurorehabilitation and neuropsychology and can be used in neurorehabilitation departments of neurological and neurosurgical clinics when conducting group sessions on the restoration of counting operations and visual-spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic with organic brain lesions of various etiologies.

The forms of its organization used in the course of classes with patients of a neurological clinic with impairments of various mental functions play an important role for the effectiveness of restorative training.

Methods and forms of organization of restorative education should take into account the social nature of a person and create conditions for the maximum use of all human capabilities and abilities, use of the influence of the social environment and other social factors on a sick person (Tsvetkova L.S.Aphazia and restorative education. M .; Moscow Psychology -social institute Voronezh: Publishing house NPO "MODEK", 2001, pp. 81, 82).

One of the forms of organization of restorative education, which is based on the use of the social environment and other social factors, is a group form of training, which helps to increase the efficiency of restoration of impaired mental functions, expanding and supplementing individual training with a specialist and independent training of patients during their stay in neurological clinic.

Group lessons allow realizing, first of all, the activity of communication and influence on the patient's personality through the mechanisms of a small social group: interpersonal interaction, cooperation, cooperation, competitiveness, etc. (Tsvetkova LS Aphasia and restorative education. M .; Moscow Psychological and Social Institute Voronezh: Publishing House NPO MODEK, 2001, p. 9).

According to the expert on group dynamics, Marvin Shaw, a small social group is a community consisting of two or more interacting and influencing individuals (D. Myers Social Psychology. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 1997).

Thus, the use of the group form contributes to an increase in the effectiveness of classes when working on the recovery of various mental processes in patients with a neurological clinic, including counting operations and visual-spatial memory.

Violation of counting operations and visual-spatial memory occurs as a result of various neurological diseases associated primarily with damage to the parietotemporal-occipital cortex of the brain, which provides the implementation of spatial perception, which is the basis of the process of counting operations, as well as visual-spatial memory. Therefore, it is advisable to carry out work on the restoration of these mental processes in a comprehensive manner.

At present, various devices and simulators are used for training in the restoration of counting operations in patients of a neurological clinic.

So, from the existing level of technology known device "Trainer-tablet for the formation of tasks in the course of training on the restoration of counting and writing in patients with neurological clinic" (Patent RU 176049 U1 from 27.12.2017).

Structurally, this device is a case in which a worksheet with arithmetic operations is installed, fixed from above by a plate containing through slots with sliders installed in them, each of which covers one number or sign of each arithmetic operation.

The patient needs to determine the numbers or signs closed by the slider, based on the fragments of arithmetic operations visible in the slots.

The disadvantages of this device when used for group exercises to restore counting operations and visual-spatial memory in patients with a neurological clinic are:

a) this device is not intended for use in group activities;

b) this device is not intended for lessons on restoration of visual-spatial memory;

c) the need to use additional elements in the form of worksheets with arithmetic operations.

Also known is the printed simulator "1000 exercises for the development of logic, attention, memory" on one of the pages of which a task is presented in the form of a series of squares with numbers, under which there are similar squares without numbers, each of which is located between two squares with numbers. The student must enter the numbers in the squares so that the number in each lower square is equal to the sum of the numbers of the two upper squares (Dmitrieva V.G. 1000 exercises for the development of logic, attention, memory. For children from 3 to 6 years old . - M: Publishing house AST, 2017. - P. 28).

The disadvantages of this task of the printed simulator when used for group exercises to restore counting operations and visual-spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic are:

a) this activity is not intended for use in group sessions;

b) this task is not intended for lessons on restoration of visual-spatial memory;

c) the possibility of only one-time use of the printed materials of the simulator;

d) a small amount of working material, which is insufficient for conducting long courses of study;

e) the difficulty of entering numbers into small-sized squares for patients with fine motor impairment and the presence of hand tremors.

Along with impaired counting operations, patients in a neurological clinic with lesions of the parietotemporal-occipital cortex (which ensures the implementation of the process of spatial perception) may experience impairment of visual-spatial memory, for the restoration of which various simulators and devices are used.

So, from the existing level of technology known device "Trainer for training to restore intellectual activity and spatial memory in patients with neurological clinic" (Patent RU 186679 U1 dated January 29, 2019).

Structurally, this device is a plate-shaped plastic base, on the bottom of which there are square recessed cells designed to fit various images into them.

In the course of training with this device, work cards are used containing cells of the same size and number with various images (symbols, geometric shapes, etc.), which the patient must remember and write from memory with a water marker into the corresponding recess cells of the device.

The disadvantages of this device when used for group exercises to restore counting operations and visual-spatial memory in patients with a neurological clinic are:

a) this device is not intended for use in group activities;

b) this device is not intended for training in the restoration of counting operations;

c) the need to use additional elements in the form of work cards with memorization tasks.

Also known from the prior art is a device "Trainer-triangle for group exercises for restoration and preventive training of visual-spatial memory by memorizing images in triangular cells" (Patent RU 192681 U1 dated 09.25.2019).

Structurally, this device is a triangular plate on one of the side faces of which there is a handle, and on the front and back sides of the plate there are triangular recessed cells.

In the course of training with this device, one of the patients inscribes various images into the groove cells on the front side of the plate, after which the other patient memorizes the image data and writes them into the groove cells on the back side from memory.

However, this device is intended for group lessons on the restoration of visual-spatial memory, and does not provide the possibility of conducting lessons on the restoration of counting operations.

In order to overcome the shortcomings of the above simulators and devices, a "Triangle simulator with two types of cells for group exercises to restore counting operations and visual-spatial memory" (hereinafter referred to as "Triangle simulator") has been developed.

The tasks to be solved by the claimed technical solution are:

a) ensuring the possibility of conducting classes aimed at both restoring counting operations and restoring visual-spatial memory;

b) ensuring the possibility of conducting classes with patients in a group form;

c) ensuring the possibility of conducting long courses of study due to the fact that the formation of tasks is carried out by the patients themselves in the process of class;

d) ensuring the possibility of conducting exercises for patients with fine motor impairment and the presence of hand tremors due to the fact that the cells are made in the form of indentations that do not allow the water marker rod to go beyond their limits;

e) no need to use additional elements in the form of worksheets or cards with tasks;

f) the simplicity of the design of the "Trainer-triangle", contributing to its widespread implementation in clinical practice.

The technical result of the declared useful model is to provide the possibility of conducting group lessons on the restoration of counting operations and visual-spatial memory, provided by the structural elements of the declared "Trainer-triangle", which allow conducting long-term courses of group lessons on the restoration of counting operations and visual-spatial memory with a wide a contingent of patients in a neurological clinic, including patients with fine motor disorders and hand tremors.

This technical result is provided due to the fact that the "Trainer-triangle" contains a plastic plate in the shape of an isosceles triangle, located with the base upwards, on the front and back surfaces of which the main and additional cells-recesses of the same depth are made, and a handle is made in the lower corner of the plate ; at the same time, the main recess cells are the same in size and are made with the possibility of inscribing various numbers and images with a water marker, and additional recessed cells have a triangular shape, are the same in size and are made with the possibility of inscribing arithmetic signs and icons with a water marker ; in this case, the main recess cells are located as follows: in the lower part of each surface of the plate there is a basic basic recess cell, above which horizontal rows of similar basic recessed cells are located in such a way that the number of basic recessed cells in each horizontal row located above , increases by one main depression cell compared to the horizontal row located below; and additional cell-recesses are made in such a way that each additional cell-depression is located between two adjacent main cells-recesses of each horizontal row; the number and location of the main and additional cells-recesses on each of the surfaces of the plate is the same.

In a preferred embodiment of the Triangle Trainer, the main indentation cells are pentagonal in shape.

In a preferred embodiment of the Triangle Trainer, the main groove cells are hexagonal in shape.

In the preferred embodiment of the Triangle Trainer, the indentation cells are highlighted in a color different from the color of the plate.

The essence of the useful model "Triangle simulator with two types of cells for group exercises to restore counting operations and visual-spatial memory" is illustrated by the drawing, which shows:

FIG. 1 is a general view of the Triangle Trainer.

The declared "Trainer-triangle" (see Fig. 1) is a plastic plate (1) in the form of an isosceles triangle, located with the base up, on the front and back surfaces of which the main and additional cells-recesses (3, 4) are made, separated from each other with jumpers.

“An isosceles triangle is a triangle whose two sides are equal. These sides are called lateral, and the third side is called the base "(Wikipedia. Triangle, found on January 15, 2021 on the Internet at https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangle).

The main recessed cells (3) are pentagonal (with the upper horizontal side and four other sides located symmetrically about the vertical axis) or hexagonal (with the upper and lower horizontal sides and four other sides located symmetrically about the vertical axis), are the same in size and are intended for inscribing various numbers in them with an easily erasable water marker during classes to restore counting operations, and various images (symbols, arrows, etc.) during classes to restore visuospatial memory.

Additional indentation cells (4) have a triangular shape, are the same in size and are intended for inscribing arithmetic signs (addition, subtraction, multiplication and division) in them with a water marker during classes on restoring counting operations, and various icons (dots, checkmarks, etc. etc.) during classes on restoration of visual-spatial memory.

For the convenience of holding the "Trainer-triangle" during exercise, a handle (2) is made in the lower corner of the plate (1).

The dimensions of this particular "Triangle Trainer" indicated below are not indications that narrow the scope of legal protection, since they may change in the process of its creation.

The length of the base of the triangle, the shape of which the plate (1) has, can be 70-180 mm, the height - 50-130 mm, and the thickness of the plate (1) is 4-6 mm.

The depth of the main and additional cells-recesses (3, 4) is the same and is 1-2 mm.

The main recess cells (3) are located on each of the surfaces of the plate (1) in the same way: in the lower part of each surface of the plate (1), above the handle (2), there is a basic basic recess cell (3), above which there are horizontal rows of similar basic depression cells (3) in such a way that the number of basic depression cells (3) in each horizontal row located above increases by one basic depression cell (3) compared to the horizontal row located below.

That is, above the basic basic cell-depression (3) there is a row of two basic cells-depression (3), above which there is the next row of three basic cells-depression (3), etc.

The number of horizontal rows of the main recess cells (3) on each of the surfaces of the plate (1) can be from three rows of the main recess cells (3) located above the basic main recess cell (3), to eight or more rows of main cells- depressions (3) located above the basic basic cell-recess (3).

Thus, the number of main cells-recesses (3) on each of the surfaces of the plate (1) can be: 10 pcs., 15 pcs., 21 pcs., 28 pcs. and more pieces.

Additional recessed cells (4) are made on each of the surfaces of the plate (1) in such a way that each additional recess cell (4) is located in the area between two adjacent main recessed cells (3) of each horizontal row, above the main cell located below -deep (3).

The number of additional cells-depressions (4) on each of the surfaces of the plate (1) depends on the number of basic cells-depressions (3), and can be 6 pcs. with 10 main cells-recesses (3); 10 pieces. with 15 main cells-recesses (3); 15 pieces with 21st main slot (3), etc.

In this case, the number and location of the main and additional cells-recesses (3, 4) on each of the surfaces of the plate (1) is the same.

The minimum width of the bridges between adjacent recessed cells (3, 4) is 1-3 mm.

Thus, the design features of the recessed cells (3, 4) provide the convenience of inscribing numbers, images, arithmetic signs and icons into them with a water marker, making the exercise process convenient and accessible for patients with fine motor impairment and hand tremors.

At the same time, the small depth of the recessed cells (3, 4) does not prevent the removal of numbers, images, arithmetic signs and symbols inscribed in them by means of a sponge designed to erase water markers.

The handle (2) made in the lower part of the plate (1) can be flat, with a thickness equal to the thickness of the plate (1), and also have a cylindrical or conical shape. The length of the handle (2) is 80-100 mm.

To ensure the safety of training with the "Trainer-triangle", the upper corners of the plate (1) can be made rounded.

To ensure the convenience of holding the "Trainer-triangle" during exercise, notches with a depth of 0.25-1 mm can be made on the surface of the handle (2) (not shown in the figure).

For the convenience of conducting lessons on the restoration of visual-spatial memory, a mark (5), made, for example, in the form of a circle, can be applied (for example, with dark paint) on the front surface of the plate (1).

For a better perception by patients of the cells-depressions (3, 4), they are highlighted with a color (for example, by means of paint) that differs from the color of the plate (1).

Classes on the restoration of counting operations and visual-spatial memory using the "Trainer-triangle" are carried out as follows.

Before starting the classes, the specialist forms a group of two patients with approximately the same degree of impairment of counting operations and visual-spatial memory.

If the lesson is aimed at restoring counting operations, one of the patients holding the "Trainer-triangle" by the handle (2), inscribes with a water marker various numbers in the upper row of the main cells-indentations (3) and arithmetic signs (addition, subtraction, multiplication and divisions) into additional indentation cells (4) located between the main indentation cells (3) with numbers.

When inserting numbers into the adjacent main cells-depressions (3) and the arithmetic sign of subtraction or division into an additional cell-depression (4) located between the main cells-depressions (3) with numbers, the patient should take into account that the number obtained as a result of this arithmetic operation, must not be negative or fractional.

At the initial stages of classes, simpler arithmetic operations are used, based on the arithmetic signs of addition and subtraction, inscribed in additional indentation cells (4).

Further, another patient performs arithmetic operations with the numbers located in the adjacent main indentation cells (3) of the upper row, and arithmetic signs located in the additional indentation cells (4), inscribing the results obtained in the main indentation cells (3) located below row.

That is, the result of the arithmetic operation with the digits of two adjacent main indentation cells (3) fits into the main indentation cell (3) located between the main indentation cells (3) with numbers, under the additional indentation cell (4) with an arithmetic sign ...

If the received number is two-digit, then the number of tens is not taken into account, and only the number indicating the number of units is entered into the main depression cell (3) located below.

So, for example, if the adjacent main groove cells (3) of the upper row contain the numbers "4" and "8", and the additional groove cell (4) located between them contains the arithmetic sign of addition, then in the main groove cell located below them (3) instead of the number "12", the number "2" is entered.

After the patient has performed the necessary arithmetic operations, having entered the obtained numbers into the main indentation cells (3) of this row, he must enter arithmetic signs into additional indentation cells (4) located between the main indentation cells (3) with numbers, taking into account that the number obtained as a result of this arithmetic operation was not negative or fractional.

Further, the above-described actions are repeated by both patients until all the main cells-depressions (3) on the front surface of the plate (1) are completely filled.

After that, all the numbers and arithmetic signs inscribed in the recessed cells (3, 4) are removed with a sponge for erasing water markers, and the above-described sequence of actions is repeated a number of times specified by a specialist.

As patients achieve positive results in the restoration of counting operations, the tasks become more complicated, which consists in inscribing arithmetic signs of multiplication and division into additional indentation cells (4).

When working on the restoration of visual-spatial memory, one of the patients is appointed by the specialist who forms the task, and the other patient is assigned to the task.

Further, the patient, who forms the task, holding the "Trainer-triangle" by the handle (2), inscribes with a water marker in separate main cells-recesses (3) of the front surface of the plate (1) images in the form of symbols (letters, numbers), arrows, general the number and type of which are set by a specialist.

Along with this, the patient forming the task can inscribe, at the direction of the specialist, various icons (dots, ticks, etc.) into some of the additional indentation cells (4) of the front surface of the plate (1).

After that, the patient performing the task, during the time interval specified by the specialist (from 20 or more seconds), memorizes the images and icons inscribed in the recessed cells (3, 4), as well as their location on the front surface of the plate (1).

Next, the patient performing the task turns the "Triangle Trainer" face down, after which he tries to reproduce the images and icons he has memorized, inscribing them into the main and additional groove cells (3, 4) on the back surface of the plate (1).

In case of difficulty, the patient performing the task can get a hint by turning the "Trainer-triangle" face up for a short time.

After completing the task, the correctness of its implementation is checked by rotating the "Trainer-triangle" and comparing the images and icons inscribed in the recessed cells (3, 4) on its front and back surfaces.

Further, all images and icons inscribed in the recessed cells (3, 4) are removed with a sponge to erase water markers, the patient who forms the task and the patient who performs the task change roles and the whole sequence of actions is repeated the number of times specified by the specialist.

As patients achieve positive results in the restoration of visual-spatial memory, tasks become more complicated by:

a) increasing the number of images and icons that fit into the recessed cells (3, 4) on the front surface of the plate (1);

b) reducing the time during which the memorization of images and icons is carried out.

After mastering the work with the "Trainer-triangle" under the guidance of a specialist, patients get the opportunity to conduct independent group lessons with him.

Thus, the effectiveness of using the "Triangle Trainer" in the course of classes to restore counting operations and visual-spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic is ensured by the fact that the process of training includes social factors of influence on the mental sphere of patients through the mechanisms of a small social group: interpersonal interaction, cooperation, cooperation, competitiveness, etc. It is also important that in case of lack of motivation to train in one patient group, there is his motivation to train from the other patient.

Along with lessons on the restoration of counting operations and visual-spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic, "Trainer-Triangle" can be effectively used:

a) when conducting correctional and developmental classes with children who have disorders in the formation of counting operations and visual-spatial memory;

b) when conducting neuropsychological trainings with elderly people;

c) as an educational game aimed at developing and training counting operations and visual-spatial memory in healthy children.

Thus, the Triangle Trainer, due to its structural elements, provides an opportunity to conduct long-term courses of group sessions to restore counting operations and visual-spatial memory with a wide contingent of patients in the neurological clinic, including patients with fine motor disorders and hand tremors.

The declared "Trainer-triangle" introduces an element of novelty into the process of recovery exercises, turning them into an interesting and attractive neuropsychological training for patients.

Due to its simplicity of design and ease of use, "Trainer-triangle" can be widely used in clinical practice.

Claims (4)

1. Trainer-triangle with cells of two types for group exercises to restore counting operations and visual-spatial memory, characterized by the fact that it contains a plastic plate in the shape of an isosceles triangle, located with the base up, on the front and back surfaces of which the main and additional cells are made -deepths of the same depth, and a handle is made in the lower corner of the plate; at the same time, the main recess cells are the same in size and are made with the possibility of inscribing various numbers and images with a water marker, and additional recessed cells have a triangular shape, are the same in size and are made with the possibility of inscribing arithmetic signs and icons with a water marker ; in this case, the main recess cells are located as follows: in the lower part of each surface of the plate there is a basic basic recess cell, above which horizontal rows of similar basic recessed cells are located in such a way that the number of basic recessed cells in each horizontal row located above , increases by one main depression cell compared to the horizontal row located below; and additional cell-recesses are made in such a way that each additional cell-depression is located between two adjacent main cells-recesses of each horizontal row; the number and location of the main and additional cells-recesses on each of the surfaces of the plate is the same. 2. Trainer-triangle according to claim 1, characterized in that the main cells-recesses have a pentagonal shape. 3. Trainer-triangle according to claim 1, characterized in that the main cell-recesses have a hexagonal shape. 4. Trainer-triangle according to claim 1, characterized in that the cells-recesses are highlighted in a color different from the color of the plate.

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