RU211352U1 - Simulator-plate with triangular cells for group exercises on the restoration of counting, counting operations and spatial memory - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model "Simulator-plate with triangular cells for group classes on restoring counting, counting operations and spatial memory" refers to medicine in the section of neurology and neuropsychology and can be used in neurorehabilitation departments of neurological and neurosurgical clinics during classes on restoring counting, counting operations and spatial memory in neurological patients with organic brain lesions.

The utility model contains a flat plastic base (1) of a quadrangular shape, the front and back sides of which are divided into identical triangular areas, in each of which on the front side of the base (1) there is a group of identical cells-depressions (2) of a triangular shape, the number of which in each the triangular region is the same, and on the reverse side of the base (1) in each triangular region, one recess (3) of a triangular shape is made; at the same time, the cell-recesses (2) of the front side of the base (1) and the recesses (3) of the reverse side of the base (1) are made with the possibility of entering various icons and numbers with a water marker, and identical handles (4) are made at two opposite ends of the base (1). ).

Thus, the claimed "Simulator-plate", due to its structural elements, provides the possibility of conducting long courses of group classes on restoring counting, counting operations and spatial memory, while providing the opportunity to conduct classes in various conditions with a wide contingent of neurological patients, including bedridden patients, as well as patients with impaired fine motor skills and the presence of hand tremor.

The use of the "Simulator-plate" introduces an element of novelty into the process of rehabilitation classes, turning them into an attractive and interesting neuropsychological training for patients.

Due to the simplicity of design and ease of use, the Simulator Plate can be widely used in clinical practice, as well as in various fields of applied psychology and pedagogy.

Description

This utility model relates to medicine in the section of neurology and neuropsychology and can be used in neurorehabilitation departments of neurological and neurosurgical clinics during group classes on restoring counting, counting operations and spatial memory in neurological patients with organic brain lesions of various etiologies.

Important for the effectiveness of restorative education is played by the forms of its organization used in the course of classes with neurological patients with disorders of various mental functions.

Methods and forms of organizing restorative education should take into account the social nature of a person and create conditions for maximizing the use of all the capabilities and abilities of a person, using the influence of the social environment and other social factors on a sick person (Tsvetkova L.S. Aphasia and restorative education. M .; Moscow Psychologist -social institution Voronezh: Publishing house NPO "MODEK", 2001).

One of the forms of organization of restorative education, which is based on the use of the social environment and other social factors, is a group form of classes, which contributes to an increase in the effectiveness of the restoration of impaired mental and motor functions, expanding and supplementing individual classes with a specialist and self-study of patients during their stay in neurological clinic.

Group classes make it possible, first of all, to realize the activity of communication and influence on the personality of the patient through the mechanisms of a small social group: interpersonal interaction, cooperation, cooperation, competitiveness, etc. (Tsvetkova L.S. Aphasia and restorative education. M.; Moscow Psychological and Social Institute Voronezh: NPO MODEK Publishing House, 2001).

According to group dynamics specialist Marvin Shaw, a small social group is a community consisting of two or more interacting and influencing individuals (Myers D. Social psychology. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 1997).

Thus, the use of a group form of classes contributes to an increase in the effectiveness of restorative training when working on the restoration of various mental functions in neurological patients, including counting, counting operations, and spatial memory.

The account is an action according to the meaning of the verb "count", the definition of any quantitative indicators or the determination of the number of homogeneous objects (Wikipedia. Account, found on the Internet at https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Account).

Counting operations are a counting technology that combines a person’s ideas and skills about numbers, mathematical arithmetic algorithms (Wikipedia. Oral count, found on the Internet at https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oral_count).

Spatial memory is one of the types of memory aimed at remembering the spatial location of objects, people, physical stimuli (National Psychological Encyclopedia. Spatial memory, found on the Internet at: http://vocabulary.ru/termin/prostranstvennaja-pamjat.html ).

Violation of counting, counting operations and spatial memory occurs as a result of various neurological diseases associated primarily with damage to the tertiary parietal-temporal-occipital cortex of the brain.

Therefore, these mental processes are closely related to each other, and it is desirable to work on their restoration jointly.

To restore counting and counting operations in neurological patients, various printed manuals, simulators and devices are used.

So, from the existing state of the art, the device “Simulator-tablet for group exercises to restore counting operations in patients with a neurological clinic with acalculia” is known (Patent RU 182491 U1 dated 21.08.2018).

Structurally, this device is a plastic case in which a magnetic working plate is installed, divided into several identical cells, on which coins of different denominations are located.

During the lessons, one of the patients moves the coins around the working plate, placing them randomly, after which the other patient counts the number of coins in each cell and their amount, writing down the results in a workbook.

The disadvantages of this device when used for group exercises to restore counting, counting operations and spatial memory in neurological patients are:

a) this device is not intended for classes on the restoration of spatial memory;

b) the need to use additional elements in the form of coins of different denominations.

To restore spatial memory in neurological patients, various printed manuals, simulators and devices are also used.

So, from the existing level of technology, the device “Triangle simulator for group exercises for the restoration and preventive training of visual-spatial memory by storing images in triangular cells” is known (Patent RU 192681 U1 dated 09/25/2019).

This device is a triangular-shaped plastic base attached to the handle, on both sides of which triangular recessed cells are made.

In the course of training with this device, one of the patients enters various images (symbols, icons) into the recessed cells on the front side of the device, after which the other patient remembers the image data and writes them from memory into the recessed cells on the other side of the device.

The disadvantages of this device when used for group exercises to restore counting, counting operations and spatial memory in neurological patients are:

a) this device is not intended for account recovery classes;

b) this device is not intended for classes on the restoration of counting operations.

In order to overcome the shortcomings of the above devices and simulators, as well as to provide the possibility of conducting classes aimed at the joint restoration of counting, counting operations and spatial memory in neurological patients, a “Simulator-plate with triangular cells for group exercises on restoring counting, counting operations and spatial memory” was developed. "(hereinafter referred to as the "Simulator-plate").

The tasks to be solved by the claimed technical solution are:

a) ensuring the possibility of conducting classes on restoring counting, counting operations and spatial memory as interrelated mental processes;

b) increased interest of patients in the process of rehabilitation classes through the use of a new device;

c) ensuring the possibility of conducting long courses of rehabilitation classes;

d) providing the opportunity to conduct classes for patients with impaired fine motor skills and the presence of hand tremor due to the fact that the cells are made in the form of recesses that do not allow the water marker rod to go beyond them;

e) ensuring the possibility of conducting classes for bedridden patients, as well as in various conditions, in the absence of a desktop, for example, on walks of patients;

f) the simplicity of the design of the “Simulator-plate”, which contributes to its widespread introduction into clinical practice.

The technical result of the claimed utility model is to provide the possibility of conducting long courses of classes on restoring counting, counting operations and spatial memory in neurological patients, provided by the structural elements of the claimed "Simulator-plate" that allow for group classes on restoring counting, counting operations and spatial memory in various conditions with a wide contingent of neurological patients, including bedridden patients, as well as patients with impaired fine motor skills and the presence of hand tremor.

This technical result is achieved due to the fact that the "Simulator-plate" contains a flat plastic base of a quadrangular shape, the front and back sides of which are divided into identical triangular areas, in each of which a group of identical cells-depressions of a triangular shape is made on the front side of the base, the number which in each triangular area is the same, and on the reverse side of the base in each triangular area is made one recess of a triangular shape; at the same time, the cell-recesses of the front side of the base and the recesses of the reverse side of the base are made with the possibility of entering various icons and numbers with a water marker, and identical handles are made at two opposite ends of the base.

In the preferred version of the "Simulator-plate", the cells-recesses of the front side of the base and the recesses of the reverse side of the base are highlighted in a color that differs from the color of the base.

The essence of the utility model "Simulator-plate with triangular cells for group exercises to restore counting, counting operations and spatial memory" is illustrated by drawings, which show:

In FIG. 1 - view of the front side of the "Simulator-plate";

In FIG. 2 - view of the reverse side of the "Simulator-plate".

The claimed "Simulator-plate" (see Fig. 1, 2) is a flat plastic base (1) of a quadrangular shape, the front and back sides of which are divided into identical triangular areas, in each of which a group is made on the front side of the base (1) of identical cells-recesses (2) of a triangular shape (see Fig. 1), intended for inscribing various icons (checkmarks, dots, etc.) with an easily erasable water marker, and on the reverse side of the base (1) in each triangular area, one a recess (3) of a triangular shape (see Fig. 2), designed to enter various numbers with an easily erasable water marker during the classes.

The dimensions of this particular "Simulator-plate" indicated below are not signs that narrow the scope of legal protection, since they may change in the process of its creation.

The width of the base (1) of the "Simulator-plate" is 40-60 mm, the length is 100-250 mm, and the thickness is 4-6 mm.

The number of triangular regions into which each of the sides of the base (1) is divided is the same and can be from two to five or more regions.

The number of cells-recesses (2) in each of the triangular areas of the front side of the base (1) is the same, and can be: 9 (nine) or 16 (sixteen) pieces.

The dimensions of the triangular recesses (3) made on the reverse side of the base (1) are the same.

The width of the bridges between adjacent cells-recesses (2) of each triangular area of the front side of the base (1) is the same and is 2-3 mm.

The depth of all cells-recesses (2) of the front side of the base (1) and recesses (3) of the reverse side of the base (1) is the same and is 1-2 mm.

Thus, the design features of the cells-recesses (2) of the front side of the base (1) and the recesses (3) of the reverse side of the base (1) facilitate the process of entering various icons and numbers into them with a water marker due to the fact that the entry occurs strictly within the boundaries of the cells - deepenings (2) and deepenings (3), thanks to which the exercise with the "Simulator-plate" becomes available for patients with impaired fine motor skills and the presence of hand tremor.

At the same time, the small depth of the cells-recesses (2) and recesses (3) does not prevent the removal of the icons and numbers inscribed in them by means of a sponge intended for erasing water markers.

On two opposite ends of the base (1) identical handles (4) are made, the thickness of each of which is equal to the thickness of the base (1).

Thus, the presence of handles (4) and the compactness of the "Simulator-plate" provide:

a) the possibility of conducting classes with bedridden neurological patients;

b) the possibility of conducting classes in various conditions, in the absence of a desktop, for example, on walks of patients.

For a better perception by the patient of the borders between the groups of cells-depressions (2) on the front side of the base and the grooves (3) on the reverse side of the base (1), dividing lines (5) with a thickness of 1 can be applied between the triangular areas (for example, with dark paint), 5-2 mm.

For better perception by patients of cells-recesses of recesses (2) of the front side of the base (1) and recesses (3) of the reverse side of the base (1), they are highlighted in a color (for example, by means of paint) that differs from the color of the base (1) of the "Simulator-plate ".

The use of the "Simulator-plate" in the course of group classes on the restoration of counting, counting operations and spatial memory in neurological patients is carried out as follows.

Before starting a course of rehabilitation classes, the specialist forms a group of two patients with approximately the same degree of violation of counting, counting operations and spatial memory.

In this case, one of the patients is appointed as a specialist "forming the task", and the other patient - "performing the task".

If the lesson is held at the desktop, the "Simulator-plate" is located on its surface in front of the patients.

If one of the patients is lying down, or the lesson is carried out in the absence of a desktop, for example, while walking, then the patients hold the "Simulator-plate" by one of the handles (4).

When conducting classes to restore impaired counting, counting operations and spatial memory, the patient “forming the task” enters into the part of the cells-recesses (2) of the triangular areas of the front side of the base (1) any icons that differ by two types, for example, check marks and dots, which conventionally denote the number of tens and the number of units of two-digit numbers.

Further, the patient "performing the task" must sequentially count (count recovery) the number of icons of each type inscribed in the recessed cells (2) of each triangular area, writing the resulting numbers in a workbook.

So, for example, if two checkmarks (conditionally indicating the number of tens) and four points (conditionally indicating the number of units) are entered in the cells-recesses (2) of the first triangular region, then the patient, “performing the task”, writes the number “24” in the workbook , after which it performs a count of ticks and dots (count recovery) in the cells of the recesses (2) of the next triangular area, etc.

As a result of performing actions for counting checkmarks and dots (count recovery) entered in the recessed cells (2) of each triangular area, followed by recording the resulting numbers in a workbook, a series of two-digit numbers is formed (for example, "24", "17" , "35", "43", etc.), which are further used to work on the restoration of spatial memory and counting operations.

When working on the restoration of spatial memory, the patient “performing the task” during the time specified by the specialist (from 20 seconds or more) memorizes the numbers of this series, after which he enters them from memory (restoration of spatial memory) into cells (3) of the triangular areas of the reverse side of the base (1).

When working on the restoration of counting operations, the specialist gives the patient tasks aimed at performing various arithmetic operations (restoring counting operations) with the numbers of the series, which consist, for example, in adding two digits of each number.

The patient “performing the task” writes the numbers obtained in this case in a workbook, after which he remembers them for a time interval specified by a specialist, and from memory (recovery of spatial memory) enters them into the recesses (3) of the triangular regions of the reverse side of the base (1).

After completion of the task, all entered icons and numbers are removed with a sponge to erase water markers, the patient “forming the task” and the patient “performing the task” change roles and the above sequence of actions is repeated the number of times specified by the specialist.

Along with classes on restoring counting, counting operations and spatial memory in neurological patients, the "Simulator-plate" can be effectively used:

a) when conducting correctional and developmental classes with children who have violations of the formation of an account, counting operations and spatial memory;

b) when conducting neuropsychological trainings with elderly people;

c) as a training simulator intended for use in the course of training in counting and counting operations for healthy children.

Thus, the claimed "Simulator-plate", due to its structural elements, provides the possibility of conducting long courses of group classes on restoring counting, counting operations and spatial memory, while providing the opportunity to conduct classes in various conditions with a wide contingent of neurological patients, including bedridden patients, as well as patients with impaired fine motor skills and the presence of hand tremor.

The use of the "Simulator-plate" introduces an element of novelty into the process of rehabilitation classes, turning them into an attractive and interesting neuropsychological training for patients.

Due to the simplicity of design and ease of use, the Simulator Plate can be widely used in clinical practice, as well as in various fields of practical psychology and pedagogy.

Claims (2)

1. A simulator-plate with triangular cells for group exercises to restore counting, counting operations and spatial memory, characterized in that it contains a flat plastic base of a quadrangular shape, the front and back sides of which are divided into identical triangular areas, in each of which on the front side the base has a group of identical cells-recesses of a triangular shape, the number of which in each triangular region is the same, and on the reverse side of the base in each triangular region, one triangular recess is made; at the same time, the cell-recesses of the front side of the base are made with the possibility of inscribing various signs with a water marker, the recesses of the reverse side of the base are made with the possibility of inscribing numbers with a water marker, and identical handles are made at two opposite ends of the base. 2. The simulator-plate according to claim 1, characterized in that the cell-recesses of the front side of the base and the recesses of the reverse side of the base are highlighted in a color that differs from the color of the base.

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