RU2016104247A - Четвертичные аммониевые соединения в качестве добавок к топливу или смазочным материалам - Google Patents

Четвертичные аммониевые соединения в качестве добавок к топливу или смазочным материалам Download PDF

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RU2016104247A
RU2016104247A RU2016104247A RU2016104247A RU2016104247A RU 2016104247 A RU2016104247 A RU 2016104247A RU 2016104247 A RU2016104247 A RU 2016104247A RU 2016104247 A RU2016104247 A RU 2016104247A RU 2016104247 A RU2016104247 A RU 2016104247A
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fuel
quaternary ammonium
optionally substituted
engine
deposits
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RU2016104247A
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RU2702097C2 (ru
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Жаклин РЕЙД
Стивен Леонард КУК
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Инноспек Лимитед
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    • C07C213/04—Preparation of compounds containing amino and hydroxy, amino and etherified hydroxy or amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton by reaction of ammonia or amines with olefin oxides or halohydrins
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Claims (42)

1. Четвертичное аммониевое соединение, которое представляет собой продукт реакции:
(a) третичного амина, молекулярная масса которого составляет менее 1000;
(b) активируемого кислотой алкилирующего агента; и
(c) дикислоты, включающей необязательно замещенный гидрокарбильный фрагмент, содержащий по меньшей мере 5 атомов углерода.
2. Четвертичное аммониевое соединение по п. 1, в котором компонент (b) представляет собой эпоксид.
3. Соединение, имеющее формулу:
Figure 00000001
,
где каждый из R1, R2 и R3 независимо выбран из необязательно замещенной алкильной, алкенильной или арильной группы; каждый из R4, R5, R6 и R7 независимо выбран из водорода или необязательно замещенной алкильной, алкенильной или арильной группы; и А включает необязательно замещенный алкильный или алкенильный фрагмент, содержащий по меньшей мере 5 атомов углерода.
4. Четвертичное аммониевое соединение, имеющее формулу (X):
Figure 00000002
,
где каждый из R0, R1, R2 и R3 независимо представляет собой необязательно замещенную алкильную, алкенильную или арильную группу, и А включает необязательно замещенный гидрокарбильный фрагмент, содержащий по меньшей мере 5 атомов углерода.
5. Способ получения четвертичной соли аммония, где способ включает реакцию (а) третичного амина, молекулярная масса которого составляет менее 1000, с (b) полученным из кислоты алкилирующим агентом в присутствии (с) дикислоты, включающей необязательно замещенный гидрокарбильный фрагмент, содержащий по меньшей мере 5 атомов углерода.
6. Композиция добавки, включающая одно или более четвертичных аммониевых соединений по любому из пп. 1-4 и разбавитель или носитель.
7. Топливная композиция, включающая в качестве добавки одно или более четвертичных аммониевых соединений по любому из пп. 1-4.
8. Топливная композиция по п. 7, где топливо представляет собой дизельное топливо.
9. Топливная композиция по п. 8, которая включает одну или более дополнительных моющих добавок, выбранных из:
(i) дополнительной добавки на основе четвертичной соли аммония, которая не является четвертичным аммониевым соединением по п. 1;
(ii) продукта реакции Манниха между альдегидом, амином и необязательно замещенным фенолом;
(iii) продукта реакции ацилирующего агента, полученного из карбоновой кислоты, и амина;
(iv) продукта реакции ацилирующего агента, полученного из карбоновой кислоты, и гидразина;
(v) соли, полученной по реакции карбоновой кислоты с ди-н-бутиламином или три-н-бутиламином;
(vi) продукта реакции дикарбоновой кислоты или ангидрида, замещенных необязательно замещенным гидрокарбилом, и аминосоединения или соли, где продукт включает по меньшей мере одну аминотриазольную группу; и
(vii) замещенной полиароматической моющей добавки.
10. Топливная композиция по п. 7, где топливо представляет собой бензиновое топливо.
11. Топливная композиция по п. 10, которая включает одну или более моющих добавок для бензина, выбранных из следующих:
(р) замещенных гидрокарбилом полиоксиалкиленаминов или простых полиэфираминов;
(q) ацилированных азотсодержащих соединений, которые представляют собой продукты реакции полученного из карбоновой кислоты ацилирующего агента и амина;
(r) замещенных гидрокарбилом аминов, имеющих по существу алифатический гидрокарбильный заместитель, который содержит по меньшей мере 8 атомов углерода;
(s) добавок, представляющих собой основания Манниха и включающих азотсодержащие продукты конденсации фенола, альдегида и первичного или вторичного амина;
(t) ароматических сложных эфиров полиалкилфеноксиалканола;
(u) дополнительной добавки на основе четвертичной соли аммония, которая не является четвертичным аммониевым соединением по п. 1; и
(v) третичных гидрокарбиламинов, содержащих максимум 30 атомов углерода.
12. Способ улучшения эксплуатационных характеристик двигателя, отличающийся тем, что способ включает сжигание в двигателе топливной композиции, включающей в качестве добавки одно или более четвертичных аммониевых соединений по любому из пп. 1-4.
13. Способ по п. 12, в котором двигатель представляет собой бензиновый двигатель, а топливо представляет собой бензиновое топливо.
14. Способ по п. 12, в котором двигатель представляет собой дизельный двигатель с системой впрыска топлива, которая включает систему впрыска топлива под высоким давлением (HPFI, от англ. high pressure fuel injection), в которой давление топлива превышает 1350 бар (1,35⋅108 Па).
15. Способ по п. 12, в котором улучшения эксплуатационных характеристик достигают за счет противодействия образованию отложений в двигателе.
16. Способ по п. 15, который противодействует образованию внутренних отложений в форсунках дизельного двигателя.
17. Способ по п. 15, который противодействует образованию наружных отложений на форсунках дизельного двигателя, включая отложения на сопле форсунки и отложения на кончике форсунки.
18. Способ по п. 15, который противодействует образованию отложений на топливном фильтре.
19. Применение добавки, добавляемой в топливную композицию, для улучшения эксплуатационных характеристик двигателя, в котором происходит сжигание этой топливной композиции, содержащей добавку, представляющую собой четвертичное аммониевое соединение а.
20. Применение по п. 19 для создания характеристики "поддержания чистоты".
21. Применение по п. 19 для создания характеристики "очистки".
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