RU2017103487A - Четвертичные аммониевые соединения и их применение в качестве присадок к топливу или смазочным материалам - Google Patents

Четвертичные аммониевые соединения и их применение в качестве присадок к топливу или смазочным материалам Download PDF

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RU2017103487A
RU2017103487A RU2017103487A RU2017103487A RU2017103487A RU 2017103487 A RU2017103487 A RU 2017103487A RU 2017103487 A RU2017103487 A RU 2017103487A RU 2017103487 A RU2017103487 A RU 2017103487A RU 2017103487 A RU2017103487 A RU 2017103487A
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fuel
quaternary ammonium
formula
carboxylic acid
engine
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RU2017103487A
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RU2713658C2 (ru
RU2017103487A3 (ru
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Жаклин РЕЙД
Стивен Леонард КУК
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Инноспек Лимитед
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Claims (46)

1. Четвертичная аммониевая соль, имеющая следующую формулу:
Figure 00000001
Figure 00000002
где каждый из R1, R2, R3 и R4 независимо выбран из необязательно замещенной алкильной, алкенильной или арильной группы, содержащей менее 8 атомов углерода, и R5 представляет собой водород или необязательно замещенную гидрокарбильную группу.
2. Четвертичная аммониевая соль по п. 1, которая представляет собой продукт реакции третичного амина, имеющего формулу R1R2R3N, с кватернизующим агентом, выбранным из:
(i) сложного эфира, имеющего формулу R5COOR4;
(ii) карбоната, имеющего формулу R0OCOOR4, и затем карбоновой кислоты, имеющей формулу R5COOH; и
(iii) эпоксида, содержащего менее 8 атомов углерода, и карбоновой кислоты, имеющей формулу R5COOH.
где R0 представляет собой необязательно замещенную гидрокарбильную группу.
3. Четвертичная аммониевая соль по п. 2, которая представляет собой продукт реакции следующих веществ:
(a) третичного амина, имеющего формулу R1R2R3N;
(b) эпоксида, содержащего менее 8 атомов углерода; и
(c) карбоновой кислоты, имеющей формулу R5COOH.
4. Способ получения четвертичной аммониевой соли, где способ включает реакцию (а) третичного амина, имеющего формулу R1R2R3N, с (b) активируемым кислотой алкилирующим агентом в присутствии (с) карбоновой кислоты, имеющей формулу R5COOH.
5. Композиция добавки, включающая одно или более четвертичных аммониевых соединений по любому из пп. 1-3 и разбавитель или носитель.
6. Смазочная композиция, включающая в качестве добавки одно или более четвертичных аммониевых соединений по любому из пп. 1-3.
7. Топливная композиция, включающая в качестве добавки одно или более четвертичных аммониевых соединений по любому из пп. 1-3.
8. Топливная композиция по п. 7, в которой топливо представляет собой дизельное топливо.
9. Топливная композиция по п. 8, которая включает одну или более дополнительных моющих добавок, выбранных из:
(i) дополнительной добавки на основе четвертичной аммониевой соли, которая не является четвертичным аммониевым соединением по п. 1;
(ii) продукта реакции Манниха между альдегидом, амином и необязательно замещенным фенолом;
(iii) продукта реакции ацилирующего агента, полученного из карбоновой кислоты, и амина;
(iv) продукта реакции ацилирующего агента, полученного из карбоновой кислоты, и гидразина;
(v) соли, полученной по реакции карбоновой кислоты с ди-н-бутиламином или три-н-бутиламином;
(vi) продукта реакции замещенной гидрокарбилом дикарбоновой кислоты или соответствующего ангидрида и аминосоединения или соли, где продукт включает по меньшей мере одну аминотриазольную группу; и
(vii) замещенной полиароматической моющей добавки.
10. Топливная композиция по п. 7, в которой топливо представляет собой бензиновое топливо.
11. Топливная композиция по п. 10, которая включает одну или более моющих добавок для бензина, выбранных из:
(р) замещенных гидрокарбилом полиоксиалкиленаминов или простых полиэфираминов;
(q) ацилированных азотсодержащих соединений, которые представляют собой продукты реакции полученного из карбоновой кислоты ацилирующего агента и амина;
(r) замещенных гидрокарбилом аминов, в которых гидрокарбильный заместитель имеет по существу алифатический характер и содержит по меньшей мере 8 атомов углерода;
(s) добавок, представляющих собой основания Манниха и включающих азотсодержащие продукты конденсации фенола, альдегида и первичного или вторичного амина;
(t) ароматических сложных эфиров полиалкилфеноксиалканола;
(u) дополнительной добавки на основе четвертичной аммониевой соли, которая не является четвертичным аммониевым соединением, определенным в пункте 1; и
(v) третичных гидрокарбиламинов, содержащих максимум 30 атомов углерода.
12. Способ улучшения эксплуатационных характеристик двигателя, отличающийся тем, что способ включает сжигание в двигателе топливной композиции, включающей в качестве добавки одно или более четвертичных аммониевых соединений по любому из пп. 1-3.
13. Способ по п. 12, в котором двигатель представляет собой бензиновый двигатель, а топливо представляет собой бензиновое топливо.
14. Способ по п. 12, в котором двигатель представляет собой дизельный двигатель с системой впрыска топлива, которая включает систему впрыска топлива под высоким давлением (HPFI, от англ. high pressure fuel injection), в которой давление топлива превышает 1350 бар (1,35-108 Па).
15. Способ по п. 12, в котором улучшение эксплуатационных характеристик происходит в результате противодействия отложениям в двигателе.
16. Способ по п. 15, который противодействует внутренним отложениям в форсунках дизельного двигателя.
17. Способ по п. 15, который противодействует наружным отложениям на форсунках дизельного двигателя, включающим отложения на сопле форсунки и отложения на кончике форсунки.
18. Способ по п. 14, который противодействует отложениям на топливном фильтре.
19. Способ по п. 12, в котором улучшение эксплуатационных характеристик состоит в прибавке мощности по сравнению со сжиганием не содержащего добавок базового топлива при работе с чистыми форсунками.
20. Применение добавки, добавляемой в топливную композицию, для улучшения эксплуатационных характеристик двигателя за счет сжигания этой топливной композиции, где добавка представляет собой четвертичную аммониевую соль по любому из пп. 1-3.
21. Применение по п. 20 для обеспечения наличия характеристики "поддержание чистоты".
22. Применение по п. 20 для обеспечения наличия характеристики "очистка".
23. Способ получения топливной композиции по любому из пп. 7-11, который включает добавление добавки на основе четвертичной аммониевой соли в топливо после транспортировки топлива от распределительного терминала.
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