NO803943L - Fremgangsmaate til aa fjerne lithium fra lithiumholdige vandige opploesninger - Google Patents
Fremgangsmaate til aa fjerne lithium fra lithiumholdige vandige opploesningerInfo
- Publication number
- NO803943L NO803943L NO803943A NO803943A NO803943L NO 803943 L NO803943 L NO 803943L NO 803943 A NO803943 A NO 803943A NO 803943 A NO803943 A NO 803943A NO 803943 L NO803943 L NO 803943L
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- solution
- composite
- resin
- metal salt
- lithium
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 22
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 title claims description 12
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 10
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 8
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 30
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003957 anion exchange resin Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000004820 halides Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011148 calcium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003841 chloride salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003842 bromide salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004694 iodide salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002642 lithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- -1 aluminum halide Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000000805 composite resin Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZTHNOZQGTXKVNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L dichloroaluminum Chemical compound Cl[Al]Cl ZTHNOZQGTXKVNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012527 feed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01D—COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
- C01D15/00—Lithium compounds
- C01D15/04—Halides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J41/00—Anion exchange; Use of material as anion exchangers; Treatment of material for improving the anion exchange properties
- B01J41/04—Processes using organic exchangers
- B01J41/07—Processes using organic exchangers in the weakly basic form
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J41/00—Anion exchange; Use of material as anion exchangers; Treatment of material for improving the anion exchange properties
- B01J41/08—Use of material as anion exchangers; Treatment of material for improving the anion exchange properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J47/00—Ion-exchange processes in general; Apparatus therefor
- B01J47/016—Modification or after-treatment of ion-exchangers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01D—COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
- C01D3/00—Halides of sodium, potassium or alkali metals in general
- C01D3/14—Purification
- C01D3/145—Purification by solid ion-exchangers or solid chelating agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B26/00—Obtaining alkali, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
- C22B26/10—Obtaining alkali metals
- C22B26/12—Obtaining lithium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/20—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
- C22B3/42—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by ion-exchange extraction
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Treatment Of Water By Ion Exchange (AREA)
- Treatment Of Liquids With Adsorbents In General (AREA)
- Removal Of Specific Substances (AREA)
- Compounds Of Alkaline-Earth Elements, Aluminum Or Rare-Earth Metals (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US06/106,961 US4291001A (en) | 1979-12-26 | 1979-12-26 | Recovery of lithium from brine |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO803943L true NO803943L (no) | 1981-06-29 |
Family
ID=22314142
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO803943A NO803943L (no) | 1979-12-26 | 1980-12-23 | Fremgangsmaate til aa fjerne lithium fra lithiumholdige vandige opploesninger |
Country Status (12)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4291001A (es) |
| EP (1) | EP0032563A1 (es) |
| JP (1) | JPS5696723A (es) |
| AU (1) | AU6548580A (es) |
| BR (1) | BR8008591A (es) |
| CA (1) | CA1126481A (es) |
| ES (1) | ES8205874A1 (es) |
| FI (1) | FI803930L (es) |
| IL (1) | IL61723A0 (es) |
| NO (1) | NO803943L (es) |
| NZ (1) | NZ195860A (es) |
| PT (1) | PT72282B (es) |
Families Citing this family (44)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4540509A (en) * | 1980-12-18 | 1985-09-10 | The Dow Chemical Company | Crystalline 3-layer lithium aluminates |
| US4477367A (en) * | 1980-12-18 | 1984-10-16 | The Dow Chemical Company | Crystalline 2-layer lithium-hydroxy aluminates |
| US4376100A (en) * | 1981-11-23 | 1983-03-08 | The Dow Chemical Company | Lithium halide brine purification |
| EP0117316B1 (en) * | 1983-03-01 | 1986-08-13 | The Dow Chemical Company | A method of leaching lithium values from a brine-contaminated resin/aluminate composite |
| US4495160A (en) * | 1983-03-28 | 1985-01-22 | The Standard Oil Company | Removal and recovery of magnesium, strontium and barium from brines |
| JPS6393355A (ja) * | 1986-10-09 | 1988-04-23 | Res Dev Corp Of Japan | 金属イオン選択的イオン交換体 |
| GB2204715A (en) * | 1987-05-14 | 1988-11-16 | Cheng Teh Yao | Oriented-reflection reflective mirror screen |
| US5389349A (en) * | 1993-05-24 | 1995-02-14 | Bauman; William C. | Recovery of lithium values from brines |
| US5599516A (en) * | 1993-05-24 | 1997-02-04 | Fmc Corporation | Recovery of lithium values from brines |
| US5681477A (en) * | 1995-10-25 | 1997-10-28 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Thermally-driven ion-exchange process for lithium recovery |
| US6555078B1 (en) | 1996-09-26 | 2003-04-29 | Fmc Corporation | Method of preparing lithium salts |
| US8753594B1 (en) | 2009-11-13 | 2014-06-17 | Simbol, Inc. | Sorbent for lithium extraction |
| US8454816B1 (en) | 2009-09-11 | 2013-06-04 | Simbol Inc. | Selective recovery of manganese and zinc from geothermal brines |
| US8637428B1 (en) | 2009-12-18 | 2014-01-28 | Simbol Inc. | Lithium extraction composition and method of preparation thereof |
| US9034294B1 (en) | 2009-04-24 | 2015-05-19 | Simbol, Inc. | Preparation of lithium carbonate from lithium chloride containing brines |
| US8741256B1 (en) | 2009-04-24 | 2014-06-03 | Simbol Inc. | Preparation of lithium carbonate from lithium chloride containing brines |
| US9051827B1 (en) | 2009-09-02 | 2015-06-09 | Simbol Mining Corporation | Selective removal of silica from silica containing brines |
| US10190030B2 (en) | 2009-04-24 | 2019-01-29 | Alger Alternative Energy, Llc | Treated geothermal brine compositions with reduced concentrations of silica, iron and lithium |
| US9527753B1 (en) | 2009-04-24 | 2016-12-27 | Geothermal Energy Project, Llc | Production of zinc chloride and zinc sulfate from geothermal brines |
| US8597521B1 (en) | 2009-06-24 | 2013-12-03 | Simbol Inc. | Selective removal of silica from silica containing brines |
| US10683563B2 (en) | 2009-06-24 | 2020-06-16 | Terralithium Llc | Treated geothermal brine compositions with reduced concentrations of silica, iron and manganese |
| US9249478B2 (en) | 2009-09-11 | 2016-02-02 | Simbol, Inc. | Selective recovery of manganese, lead and zinc |
| US8518232B1 (en) | 2011-06-29 | 2013-08-27 | Simbol Inc. | Selective recovery of manganese, lead and zinc |
| US9534276B1 (en) | 2011-06-29 | 2017-01-03 | Geothermal Energy Project, Llc | Separation of manganese from brine |
| US9644126B2 (en) | 2009-06-24 | 2017-05-09 | Simbol, Inc. | Treated geothermal brine compositions with reduced concentrations of silica, iron, and zinc |
| US9644866B2 (en) | 2009-06-24 | 2017-05-09 | Simbol, Inc. | Treated brine compositions with reduced concentrations of potassium, rubidium, and cesium |
| US10935006B2 (en) | 2009-06-24 | 2021-03-02 | Terralithium Llc | Process for producing geothermal power, selective removal of silica and iron from brines, and improved injectivity of treated brines |
| US9650555B2 (en) | 2009-06-24 | 2017-05-16 | Simbol, Inc. | Treated geothermal brine compositions with reduced concentrations of iron and silica |
| CN102947225A (zh) | 2010-02-17 | 2013-02-27 | 辛博尔股份有限公司 | 高纯碳酸锂和其它高纯含锂化合物的制备方法 |
| KR101047986B1 (ko) * | 2010-11-26 | 2011-07-13 | 한국지질자원연구원 | Ｃｃｄ 공정을 이용한 리튬 이온의 흡착/탈착 장치 및 그 방법 |
| US8309043B2 (en) | 2010-12-06 | 2012-11-13 | Fmc Corporation | Recovery of Li values from sodium saturate brine |
| US10329160B2 (en) | 2016-10-25 | 2019-06-25 | Malvi Technologies, Llc | Methods and equipment to make lithium hydroxide monohydrate from lithium salts |
| US10150056B2 (en) | 2016-11-14 | 2018-12-11 | Lilac Solutions, Inc. | Lithium extraction with coated ion exchange particles |
| US10604414B2 (en) | 2017-06-15 | 2020-03-31 | Energysource Minerals Llc | System and process for recovery of lithium from a geothermal brine |
| US11365128B2 (en) | 2017-06-15 | 2022-06-21 | Energysource Minerals Llc | Process for selective adsorption and recovery of lithium from natural and synthetic brines |
| CN111182953A (zh) * | 2017-08-02 | 2020-05-19 | 锂莱克解决方案公司 | 用于锂提取的离子交换系统 |
| EP3661619A4 (en) | 2017-08-02 | 2021-05-05 | Lilac Solutions, Inc. | LITHIUM EXTRACTION WITH POROUS ION EXCHANGE BEADS |
| WO2019168941A1 (en) | 2018-02-28 | 2019-09-06 | Lilac Solutions, Inc. | Ion exchange reactor with particle traps for lithium extraction |
| US11235282B2 (en) | 2018-03-09 | 2022-02-01 | Terralithium Llc | Processes for producing lithium compounds using forward osmosis |
| US11174532B1 (en) | 2018-03-09 | 2021-11-16 | Terralithium Llc | Processes for producing lithium compounds using reverse osmosis |
| RU2688593C1 (ru) * | 2018-08-16 | 2019-05-21 | Публичное акционерное общество "Татнефть" имени В.Д. Шашина | Способ сорбционного извлечения лития из литийсодержащих хлоридных рассолов |
| JP2023529444A (ja) | 2020-06-09 | 2023-07-10 | ライラック ソリューションズ，インク． | スケール物質存在下におけるリチウム抽出 |
| CN115011816B (zh) * | 2022-06-02 | 2023-05-26 | 紫金矿业集团股份有限公司 | 从盐田氯化钙结晶中回收锂的方法 |
| US11904297B1 (en) | 2023-01-11 | 2024-02-20 | Iliad Ip Company, Llc | Process for manufacturing lithium selective adsorption/separation media |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4116856A (en) * | 1977-07-05 | 1978-09-26 | The Dow Chemical Company | Recovery of lithium from brines |
| US4116858A (en) * | 1977-07-05 | 1978-09-26 | The Dow Chemical Company | Recovery of lithium from brines |
-
1979
- 1979-12-26 US US06/106,961 patent/US4291001A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1980
- 1980-12-16 IL IL61723A patent/IL61723A0/xx unknown
- 1980-12-16 FI FI803930A patent/FI803930L/fi not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1980-12-17 NZ NZ195860A patent/NZ195860A/xx unknown
- 1980-12-17 AU AU65485/80A patent/AU6548580A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1980-12-18 EP EP80108004A patent/EP0032563A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1980-12-23 PT PT72282A patent/PT72282B/pt unknown
- 1980-12-23 BR BR8008591A patent/BR8008591A/pt unknown
- 1980-12-23 CA CA367,505A patent/CA1126481A/en not_active Expired
- 1980-12-23 NO NO803943A patent/NO803943L/no unknown
- 1980-12-24 ES ES498153A patent/ES8205874A1/es not_active Expired
- 1980-12-25 JP JP18299180A patent/JPS5696723A/ja active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES498153A0 (es) | 1982-06-16 |
| FI803930L (fi) | 1981-06-27 |
| US4291001A (en) | 1981-09-22 |
| AU6548580A (en) | 1981-07-02 |
| BR8008591A (pt) | 1981-07-21 |
| IL61723A0 (en) | 1981-01-30 |
| PT72282A (en) | 1981-01-01 |
| NZ195860A (en) | 1983-07-15 |
| CA1126481A (en) | 1982-06-29 |
| JPS5696723A (en) | 1981-08-05 |
| EP0032563A1 (en) | 1981-07-29 |
| ES8205874A1 (es) | 1982-06-16 |
| PT72282B (en) | 1982-07-13 |
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