NO318584B1 - Fremgangsmate for fremstilling av nikotinsyreamid - Google Patents
Fremgangsmate for fremstilling av nikotinsyreamid Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO318584B1 NO318584B1 NO19964611A NO964611A NO318584B1 NO 318584 B1 NO318584 B1 NO 318584B1 NO 19964611 A NO19964611 A NO 19964611A NO 964611 A NO964611 A NO 964611A NO 318584 B1 NO318584 B1 NO 318584B1
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- picoline
- ammonia
- molar ratio
- microorganisms
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- DFPAKSUCGFBDDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nicotinamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 DFPAKSUCGFBDDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 235000005152 nicotinamide Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000011570 nicotinamide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 7
- ITQTTZVARXURQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylpyridine Chemical compound CC1=CC=CN=C1 ITQTTZVARXURQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- GZPHSAQLYPIAIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-pyridinecarbonitrile Chemical compound N#CC1=CC=CN=C1 GZPHSAQLYPIAIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 70
- GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N divanadium pentaoxide Chemical compound O=[V](=O)O[V](=O)=O GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 241000187693 Rhodococcus rhodochrous Species 0.000 claims description 12
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- JZUHIOJYCPIVLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpentane-1,5-diamine Chemical compound NCC(C)CCCN JZUHIOJYCPIVLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO2 Inorganic materials O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000316848 Rhodococcus <scale insect> Species 0.000 claims description 3
- JEGMWWXJUXDNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylpiperidine Chemical compound CC1CCCNC1 JEGMWWXJUXDNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003798 microbiological reaction Methods 0.000 claims 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 20
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- PAMIQIKDUOTOBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylpiperidine Chemical compound CN1CCCCC1 PAMIQIKDUOTOBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 11
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum trioxide Chemical compound O=[Mo](=O)=O JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- BSKHPKMHTQYZBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpyridine Chemical class CC1=CC=CC=N1 BSKHPKMHTQYZBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011942 biocatalyst Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241000158504 Rhodococcus hoagii Species 0.000 description 4
- 241000187562 Rhodococcus sp. Species 0.000 description 4
- 230000036983 biotransformation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 4
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000013065 commercial product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000069 nitrogen hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FFNVQNRYTPFDDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-cyanopyridine Chemical compound N#CC1=CC=CC=N1 FFNVQNRYTPFDDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NTSLROIKFLNUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-Ethyl-2-methylpyridine Chemical compound CCC1=CC=C(C)N=C1 NTSLROIKFLNUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O ammonium group Chemical group [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- 229920001429 chelating resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 2
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007363 ring formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010626 work up procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- UHSVROPHFKRJIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylcyclopentane-1,1-diamine Chemical class CC1CCCC1(N)N UHSVROPHFKRJIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 Amberlite) Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 108010024026 Nitrile hydratase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004176 ammonification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000031018 biological processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011552 falling film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- JJQHTLAUSSTREE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-3,3-diamine Chemical compound CCCC(N)(N)CC JJQHTLAUSSTREE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008363 phosphate buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920005990 polystyrene resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009281 ultraviolet germicidal irradiation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000003722 vitamin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052845 zircon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P17/00—Preparation of heterocyclic carbon compounds with only O, N, S, Se or Te as ring hetero atoms
- C12P17/10—Nitrogen as only ring hetero atom
- C12P17/12—Nitrogen as only ring hetero atom containing a six-membered hetero ring
Landscapes
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Pyridine Compounds (AREA)
- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH309095 | 1995-11-01 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO964611D0 NO964611D0 (no) | 1996-10-31 |
| NO964611L NO964611L (no) | 1997-05-02 |
| NO318584B1 true NO318584B1 (no) | 2005-04-11 |
Family
ID=4248403
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO19964611A NO318584B1 (no) | 1995-11-01 | 1996-10-31 | Fremgangsmate for fremstilling av nikotinsyreamid |
Country Status (28)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5719045A (es) |
| EP (1) | EP0770687B1 (es) |
| JP (1) | JP3911734B2 (es) |
| CN (1) | CN1149199C (es) |
| AR (1) | AR004260A1 (es) |
| AT (1) | ATE212380T1 (es) |
| AU (1) | AU700409B2 (es) |
| BG (1) | BG63314B1 (es) |
| BR (1) | BR9605410A (es) |
| CA (1) | CA2187979C (es) |
| CZ (1) | CZ290836B6 (es) |
| DE (1) | DE59608641D1 (es) |
| DK (1) | DK0770687T3 (es) |
| EE (1) | EE03573B1 (es) |
| ES (1) | ES2167503T3 (es) |
| HU (1) | HU217689B (es) |
| IL (1) | IL119402A (es) |
| MX (1) | MX9605272A (es) |
| MY (1) | MY119113A (es) |
| NO (1) | NO318584B1 (es) |
| PL (1) | PL185286B1 (es) |
| PT (1) | PT770687E (es) |
| RU (1) | RU2177474C2 (es) |
| SI (1) | SI0770687T1 (es) |
| SK (1) | SK283653B6 (es) |
| TR (1) | TR199600857A2 (es) |
| TW (1) | TW409148B (es) |
| ZA (1) | ZA968485B (es) |
Families Citing this family (19)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5863750A (en) * | 1996-12-18 | 1999-01-26 | Cytec Tech Corp | Methods for the detoxification of nitrile and/or amide compounds |
| JP4476390B2 (ja) * | 1998-09-04 | 2010-06-09 | 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 | 半導体装置の作製方法 |
| US20050089987A1 (en) * | 2003-10-27 | 2005-04-28 | Lonza Ltd. | Polyacryamide beads containing encapsulated cells |
| WO2007093533A2 (de) * | 2006-02-15 | 2007-08-23 | Basf Se | Verfahren zur dehydrierung |
| EP2049492B1 (en) * | 2006-08-08 | 2010-01-27 | Dow AgroSciences LLC | Method of making cyanopyridines |
| EP2305377A1 (en) * | 2009-09-29 | 2011-04-06 | Lonza Ltd. | Catalysts for the preparation of cyanopyridines and their use |
| EP2319833A1 (en) * | 2009-10-16 | 2011-05-11 | Lonza Ltd. | Methods and devices for the production of aqueous solutions of cyanopyridines |
| EP2322273A1 (en) | 2009-10-16 | 2011-05-18 | Lonza Ltd. | Catalysts for the preparation of methylpyridine |
| EP2319834A1 (en) * | 2009-10-16 | 2011-05-11 | Lonza Ltd. | Methods and devices for the production of aqueous solutions of cyanopyridines |
| US8530664B2 (en) | 2009-10-16 | 2013-09-10 | Lonza Ltd. | Catalysts for the preparation of methylpyridine |
| CN102219734B (zh) * | 2011-05-10 | 2013-08-07 | 浙江爱迪亚营养科技开发有限公司 | 一种烟酰胺的制备方法 |
| CN103804284B (zh) * | 2013-01-07 | 2015-12-02 | 清华大学 | 用于制备3-甲基吡啶的系统 |
| CN104844539B (zh) * | 2014-02-17 | 2018-08-24 | 上海凯赛生物技术研发中心有限公司 | 一种哌啶的制备方法 |
| CN104762340A (zh) * | 2015-03-17 | 2015-07-08 | 安徽瑞邦生物科技有限公司 | 一种利用固定化细胞将烟腈转化为烟酰胺的方法 |
| US11185545B2 (en) | 2017-03-31 | 2021-11-30 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Crystalline monosodium salt of 5-methyl-(6S)-tetrahydrofolic acid |
| CN110461845B (zh) | 2017-03-31 | 2023-05-12 | 默克专利股份有限公司 | 5-甲基-（6s）-四氢叶酸的结晶钠盐 |
| CN112010802B (zh) * | 2020-08-13 | 2022-03-29 | 浙江新和成股份有限公司 | 3-甲基吡啶的连续制备方法 |
| CN111995572A (zh) * | 2020-08-19 | 2020-11-27 | 广州黛诗莎化妆品有限公司 | 一种美白祛斑加强型的烟酰胺结晶提取工艺 |
| CN117942976B (zh) * | 2024-03-27 | 2024-06-14 | 北京弗莱明科技有限公司 | 一种氨氧化反应催化剂及其制备方法与应用 |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5028713A (en) * | 1983-12-08 | 1991-07-02 | The Standard Oil Company | Ammoxidation of methyl substituted heteroaromatics to make heteroaromatic nitriles |
| US5179014A (en) * | 1985-01-08 | 1993-01-12 | Nitto Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. | Process for the preparation of amides using microorganisms |
| JPS61162193A (ja) * | 1985-01-08 | 1986-07-22 | Nitto Chem Ind Co Ltd | 微生物によるアミド類の製造法 |
| DD274631A5 (de) * | 1987-09-18 | 1989-12-27 | Kk | Verfahren zur biologischen herstellung von amiden |
| US5258305A (en) * | 1991-09-13 | 1993-11-02 | Nitto Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. | Manufacture of optically active 2-phenylpropionic acid and 2-phenylpropionamide from the nitrile using Rhodococcus equi |
| GEP20012441B (en) * | 1993-04-02 | 2001-05-25 | Lonza Ag | Process for Preparing 3-Methylpiperidine and 3-Methylpyridine |
| CZ338596A3 (en) * | 1994-05-23 | 1997-07-16 | Lonza Ag | Catalytic mixture for oxidative amonolysis of alkyl pyridines, process of its preparation and use |
-
1996
- 1996-10-08 ZA ZA968485A patent/ZA968485B/xx unknown
- 1996-10-10 IL IL11940296A patent/IL119402A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-10-16 CA CA002187979A patent/CA2187979C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-10-22 AU AU70348/96A patent/AU700409B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1996-10-24 JP JP28214696A patent/JP3911734B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-10-25 TR TR96/00857A patent/TR199600857A2/xx unknown
- 1996-10-28 ES ES96117280T patent/ES2167503T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-10-28 DK DK96117280T patent/DK0770687T3/da active
- 1996-10-28 PT PT96117280T patent/PT770687E/pt unknown
- 1996-10-28 SI SI9630438T patent/SI0770687T1/xx unknown
- 1996-10-28 DE DE59608641T patent/DE59608641D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-10-28 EP EP96117280A patent/EP0770687B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-10-28 AT AT96117280T patent/ATE212380T1/de active
- 1996-10-29 CZ CZ19963173A patent/CZ290836B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-10-29 BG BG100942A patent/BG63314B1/bg unknown
- 1996-10-30 MY MYPI96004522A patent/MY119113A/en unknown
- 1996-10-30 SK SK1405-96A patent/SK283653B6/sk not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-10-31 MX MX9605272A patent/MX9605272A/es not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-10-31 US US08/741,806 patent/US5719045A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-10-31 RU RU96121285/04A patent/RU2177474C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-10-31 EE EE9600153A patent/EE03573B1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-10-31 NO NO19964611A patent/NO318584B1/no not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-10-31 PL PL96316778A patent/PL185286B1/pl unknown
- 1996-11-01 HU HU9603029A patent/HU217689B/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-11-01 AR ARP960105004A patent/AR004260A1/es active IP Right Grant
- 1996-11-01 CN CNB961228946A patent/CN1149199C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-11-01 BR BR9605410A patent/BR9605410A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-11-08 TW TW085113648A patent/TW409148B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
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