NO305487B1 - Anvendelse av en vandig dispersjon omfattende polytetrafluoretylenpulver som sm°remiddel for sveisetrÕd ved trekking og mating - Google Patents

Anvendelse av en vandig dispersjon omfattende polytetrafluoretylenpulver som sm°remiddel for sveisetrÕd ved trekking og mating Download PDF

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Publication number
NO305487B1
NO305487B1 NO924649A NO924649A NO305487B1 NO 305487 B1 NO305487 B1 NO 305487B1 NO 924649 A NO924649 A NO 924649A NO 924649 A NO924649 A NO 924649A NO 305487 B1 NO305487 B1 NO 305487B1
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Norway
Prior art keywords
ptfe
lubricant
wire
powder
particle diameter
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NO924649A
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English (en)
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NO924649L (no
NO924649D0 (no
Inventor
Norio Masaie
Tomoyuki Tachibana
Koji Seita
Yasuo Araike
Original Assignee
Kobe Steel Ltd
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Publication of NO924649D0 publication Critical patent/NO924649D0/no
Publication of NO924649L publication Critical patent/NO924649L/no
Publication of NO305487B1 publication Critical patent/NO305487B1/no

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/40—Making wire or rods for soldering or welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
    • B23K35/0255—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in welding
    • B23K35/0261—Rods, electrodes, wires
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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    • C10M107/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
    • C10M107/38—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound containing halogen
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    • C10M145/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M145/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M145/06—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic or carbonic acid
    • C10M145/08—Vinyl esters of a saturated carboxylic or carbonic acid
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    • C10M145/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M145/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M145/10—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate
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    • C10M171/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
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Description

Foreliggende oppfinnelse vedrører anvendelse av en dispersjon omfattende polytetrafluoretylenpulver som smøremid-del, og mer spesielt et flonfritt smøremiddel, for trådmating og trådtrekking.
Sveisetråder (innbefattende kompakte tråder og tråder med kjerner) blir fremstilt ved trådtrekkingsprosesser som anvender dyser og valser. De har derfor meget små ujevnheter på overflatene i omkrets og lengderetningene. Disse små ujevnhetene har en negativ effekt på matingen av sveisetråder til sveisebrenneren gjennom føringsrøret og også på den elektriske ledningsevnen mellom sveisetråden og spissen. Den negative effekten av de små ujevnhetene på trådoverflaten blir vanligvis redusert ved å belegge trådoverflaten med et pulver av polytetrafluoretylen (heretter forkortet som PTFE). (Kfr. JP patentpublikasjon nr. 17638/1982.)
I henhold til vanlig praksis utføres beleggingen av trådoverflaten med PTFE-pulver ved å dyppe tråden i en løsnings-dispersjon av PTFE-pulver etterfulgt av tørking for fjerning av løsningsmiddel. Dispergeringsmediet for PTFE-pulver er Flon-113, som er et fluorkarbonløsningsmiddel. Dette løsningsmidlet er meget fordelaktig fordi det ikke inneholder hydrogen og fordi det tørker raskt.
Det har i den senere tid blitt antatt at Flon-113 ødelegger ozonlaget. Dette har ført til at UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme) vil begrense bruken av Flon-113. Montreal-protokollen vil forby bruk av Flon-113 etter år 2000. Ut fra disse forutsetningene er det et stort behov for å utvikle en erstatning for PTFE-dispersjon i flon.
PTFE-dispersjon i Flon blir hovedsakelig brukt som et smøremiddel for trådmating. Det brukes også som et smøremid-del for trådtrekking. Dets bruk som smøremiddel medfører problemet forbundet med ødeleggelsen av ozonlaget. Foreliggende oppfinnelse er et resultat av forsøkene på å løse dette problemet. Et formål med foreliggende oppfinnelse er å anvende et Flonfritt smøremiddel for trådmating og
-trekking.
Ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse er det således tilveiebrakt anvendelse av en vandig dispersjon innbefattende polytetra-f luoretylenpulver med partlkkeldiameter 0,5 - 40 pm i en mengde på minst 5 gram/liter, eventuelt inneholdende et bindemiddel og et overflateaktivt middel, og eventuelt polytetrafluoretylenpulver med partlkkeldiameter 0,1 - 0,4 pm, som smøremiddel for sveisetråd ved trekking og mating.
Nevnte partlkkeldiameter er fortrinnsvis i området 0,5 - 10 pm, og mer foretrukket i området 0,5 - 20 pm.
Fig. 1 viser ledningsarrangementet som brukes for å måle motstanden mot trådmating.
Oppfinnelsen vil nå bli beskrevet mer detaljert med henvisning til resultatet av de grunnleggende forsøkene som førte til foreliggende oppfinnelse.
(1) Studier av PTFE- dispers. 1on i et ikke- Flon organisk løsningsmiddel
PTFE er representativt for hydrofobe substanser. I begynnel-sen ble det fremstilt en dispersjon av PTFE-pulver ved bruk av organiske dispergeringsmidler, som for eksempel n-heksan, isopropylalkohol og mineralolje. Dispersjonen ble oppnådd ved å blande et kommersielt PTFE-pulver med et bindemiddel og organisk løsningsmiddel i en kulemølle eller homogenisator. Det ble funnet at PTFE-pulver lett dispergeres i et organisk løsningsmiddel. PTFE-dispersjonen i et organisk løsningsmid-del ble funnet å være like god som den konvensjonelle PTFE-dispersjonen i Flon, når den brukes som smøremiddel for trådmating og trådtrekking. Det er imidlertid ikke i praktisk bruk enda på grunn av de mange medfølgende problemene. For eksempel vil bruk av et brennbart organisk løsningsmiddel gi problemer i forbindelse med sikkerhet og hygiene. Disse undersøkelsene klargjorde imidlertid en del viktige ting om egenskapene til PTFE.
Den konvensjonelle PTFE-dispersjonen i Flon inneholder PTFE-pulver som er et produkt med lav molekylvekt kalt telomer (med en midlere molekylvekt på ca. 3500 sammenlignet med ti til flere hundretusener for ordinære polymerer). PTFE-pulver som sådant er ikke kommersielt tilgjengelig, men er tilgjengelig kun i form av dispersjon, fordi partiklene i dispersjonen agglomererer ved tørking av dispersjonen.
I lys av dette har det i foreliggende sammenheng blitt foretatt undersøkelse og muligheten for å erstatte pulveret av PTFE-telomer med mekanisk knust finpulverisert vanlig PTFE med høy molekylvekt (heretter referert til som PTFE). Det hevdes at pulveret av PTFE-telomer har en partlkkeldiameter på mindre enn 0,4 pm. Som en erstating for pulveret av PTFE-telomer, ble det fremstilt to typer fint pulver av PTFE med høy molekylvekt, en med en partlkkeldiameter mindre enn 0,4 pm og en annen med partlkkeldiameter større enn 0,4 pm.
Disse pulverprøvene ble undersøkt for smøremiddelevne ved trådmating. Det ble uventet funnet at pulverprøven grovere enn 0,4 pm er overlegen i forhold til den som er finere enn 0,4 pm. For ytterligere undersøkelser ble det undersøkt flere pulverprøver med en partlkkeldiameter større enn 0.4 pm. Det ble funnet at pulverprøvene med en partikkelstør-relse større enn 40-50 pm, har en tendens til å ha dårlig smøreevne ved trådmating. Dersom sveisetråden brukes i sveiseapparatet som for eksempel vist i figur 1, vil motstanden mot trådmatingen være sterk, siden krumningen til ledningen er stor (<R150). Det ble konkludert med at det finknuste PTFE-pulveret fortrinnsvis har en partlkkeldiameter i området 0,5 til 10 pm, avhengig av hardheten eller ruheten til trådoverflaten og mengden PTFE-pulver som påføres.
(2 ) Studier av PTFE- dispers. 1 oner i vann
For å unngå ulempene med å bruke et organisk løsningsmiddel, undersøkte oppfinnerne anvendeligheten av vann som et dispergeringsmedium for PTFE-pulver. Siden det er umulig å direkte dispergere PTFE-pulver i vann, ble det gjort forsøk på å utføre overflatebehandling på forskjellige måter (som for eksempel oksydering eller alkoholisering) eller bruke flere forskjellige typer overflateaktive midler. Det ble funnet at overflatebehandlingen kombinert med påføring av overflateaktive midler forenkler dispergeringen av PTFE-pulver i vann. Det ble imidlertid også funnet at den resulterende dispersjonen har en dårlig stabilitet og at PTFE-pulveret bunnfeller i løpet av kort tid. Dispersjonen måtte røres rett før bruk. Røringen gjorde at det utfelte PTFE-pulveret lett dispergerte igjen.
For å unngå nødvendigheten av mekanisk røring, undersøkte oppfinnerne en vandig dispersjon av PTFE fremstilt ved emulsjonspolymerisering som er kommersielt tilgjengelig for bruk som et belegningsmateriale. Resultatet av undersøkel-sene viste at det er nødvendig med forbedringer dersom det skal brukes som et smøremiddel for trådmating og trådtrekking. Dette problemet ble løst ved å anvende resultatene fra de grunnleggende studiene av PTFE-dispersjoner i organiske løsningsmidler. Med andre ord, var det mulig å forbedre smøreevnen til den vandige dispersjonen av PTFE (som har en partlkkeldiameter så liten som 0,1-0,4 pm) ved å blande den med grovere PTFE-pulver. PTFE-pulveret som skal tilsettes til vannet og den vandige dispersjonen av PTFE bør ha en partlkkeldiameter større enn 0,5 pm. Med en partlkkeldiameter mindre enn 0,5 pm bidrar ikke PTFE-pulveret til smøreevne. Med en partlkkeldiameter større enn 40 pm har PTFE-pulveret en negativ virkning på smøreevnen. Den foretrukne partikkeldiameteren er i området fra 0,5 til 40 pm eller fra 0,5 til 20 pm for bedre ytelse ved trådtrekking.
Det er ingen spesielle begrensninger av mengden PTFE-pulver som kan tilsettes vannet og den vandige dispersjonen av PTFE, imidlertid bør det være mer enn 5 g pr. liter smøremiddel.
For forbedret adhesjon av PTFE-pulveret anbefales det å blande inn et bindemiddel (av harpiksemulsjonstypen) i dispersjonen. Et foretrukket bindemiddel er en fluorkarbon-harpiks kopolymerisert med funksjonelle grupper, som for eksempel hydroksylgrupper, karboksylgrupper, epoksygrupper, aminogrupper, amidogrupper, nitrilgrupper og silanolgrupper. Bindemidlet innbefatter også akrylpolymer og vinylacetat-polymer. Termoherdende harpikser av typen fenoliske harpikser kan brukes under visse betingelser. Mengden av bindemidlet bør være 0,1-30 volum-# smøremiddel.
Det i henhold til foreliggende oppfinnelse benyttede smøremidlet har litt dårligere beleggegenskaper enn konven-sjonelt PTFE-smøremiddel av Flon-dispersjonstypen når den påføres tråden ved dypping. Når det er nødvendig med jevnt belegg på tråden, bør dette fortrinnsvis påføres ved hjelp av elektrostatisk sprøyting. I tillegg bør det fortrinnsvis innblandes et overflateaktivt middel (i en mengde på 0,1-10 volum-#) for et jevnt belegg.
Oppfinnelsen vil nå bli beskrevet med henvisning til de følgende eksempler.
Eksempel 1
Dette eksempel vedrører smøremidler for trådmating.
Smøremiddelprøver ble fremstilt ved å blande et PTFE-pulver med ønsket partlkkeldiameter, et overflateaktivt middel og et bindemiddel i vann ved å bruke en homogenisator. Hver av smøremiddelprøvene ble påført en tråd med flukskjerne av rustfritt stål ved elektrostatisk sprøyting. Den belagte tråden ble undersøkt med hensyn til mateevne ved å bruke apparatet vist i fig. 1. (Mengden av påført smøremiddel ble kontrollert slik at smøremidlet på trådoverflaten gir samme mengder PTFE som det konvensjonelle smøremidlet. (PTFE-dispersjon i Flon) når dette tilføres i en mengde som er tilstrekkelig for de ønskede trådmatingsegenskapene og sveiseegenskapene.)
Tabell 1 viser sammensetningen av smøremiddelprøvene og resultatene fra forsøkene. Tabell 2 viser evalueringskriter-iene for motstand mot trådmating og fluktuasjonen i motstand mot trådmating. Følgende kan legges merke til fra tabell 1. Forsøk nr. 1 viste at det konvensjonelle smøremidlet av PTFE dispergert i Flon gir en glatt trådmating. Forsøk nr. 2 for det sammenlignende eksempelet viste at smøremidlet av vandig dispersjon av PTFE med en partlkkeldiameter mindre enn 0,4 pm, ikke gir en jevn trådmating. Forsøk nr. 10 for det sammenlignings-eksempelet viste også at smøremidlet av en vandig dispersjon av PTFE med en partlkkeldiameter større enn 40 pm, ikke gir en glatt trådmating. I motsetning til dette, viste forsøkene nr. 3 til 9, arbeidseksemplene, at den vandige dispersjonen av PTFE med en adekvat partlkkeldiameter, gir en jevn trådmating med et minimum i variasjoner av motstanden mot trådmating. Forsøk nr. 3, 5, 6, 7 og 8 ga spesielt gode resultater. Forsøk nr. 4 viser at reaksjonene i motstand mot trådmating øker svakt fordi mengden av PTFE i smøremidlet er liten. Forsøk nr. 9 viser også at variasjoner i motstand mot trådmating øker svakt fordi mengden av PTFE i smøremidlet er så stor at smøremidlet er for viskøst til å kunne påføres jevnt på trådoverflaten.
Eksempel 2
Dette eksempel vedrører smøremidlet for trådtrekking.
Det ble fremstilt smøremiddelprøver ved å dispergere et PTFE-pulver med ønsket partlkkeldiameter i vann ved å bruke en kulemølle. Hver av smøremiddelprøvene ble påført en kompakt tråd av rustfritt stål ved dypping etterfulgt av tørking med varmluft. Den kompakte tråden ble undersøkt med hensyn til trekking i produksjonslinjen. Egenskapene til smøremidlet ble evaluert med hensyn til maksimal trekkehastighet som var mulig i produksjonslinjen (mengden av påført smøremiddel ble kontrollert slik at smøremidlet gir samme mengde PTFE på overflaten som det konvensjonelle smøremidlet (PTFE-dispersjon i flon) gjør når dette påføres i en mende som er tilstrekkelig for de ønskede trådtrekkingsegenskapene.)
Tabell 3 viser sammensetningen av smøremiddelprøvene og resultatene fra trekketesten. Fra tabell 3 kan man legge merke til følgende. Forsøk nr. 1 viser at konvensjonelle smøremidler av PTFE dispergert i Flon gir en jevn trådtrekking. Forsøk nr. 2 fra det sammenlignende eksempel viser at smøremidlet av en vandig dispersjon av PTFE med en partlkkeldiameter mindre enn 0,4 pm, ikke gir en jevn trådtrekking selv om den muliggjør trådtrekking ved lav hastighet (uten PTFE var trådtrekking umulig). Også forsøk nr. 9 fra det sammenlignende eksempel viser at smøremidlet av vandig dispersjon av PTFE med en partlkkeldiameter større enn 40 pn, ikke gir en jevn trådtrekking. (Det synes som om de grove PTFE-pulverpartiklene ikke fester seg godt til trådoverflaten.) I motsetning til dette viser forsøk nr. 3 til 8, arbeidseksempler, at den vandige dispersjonen av PTFE med en passende partlkkeldiameter gir en jevn trådtrekking. Forsøk nr. 3, 6 og 7 ga spesielt gode resultater. Forsøk nr. 6 ga bedre resultater enn forsøk nr. 1 for det konvensjonelle smøremidlet. Forsøk nr. 4 ga litt dårligere resultat enn forsøk nr. 1 for det konvensjonelle smøremidlet fordi mengden av PTFE dispergert i vann er liten. Forsøk nr. 8 viser at smøremiddelprøven inneholdende en stor mengde PTFE gjør at dysens levetid varierer litt mer enn det konvensjonelle smøremidlet (selv om årsaken til dette ikke er kjent).
Den samme prosedyren som i eksemplene 1 og 2 ble gjentatt bortsett fra at vannet ble erstattet med en vandig dispersjon av polytetrafluoretylenpulver med partlkkeldiameter 0,1-0,4 pm. Det ble oppnådd de samme resultater som vist i tabell 1 og 3.

Claims (3)

1. Anvendelse av en vandig dispersjon innbefattende polytetra-f luoretylenpulver med partlkkeldiameter 0,5 - 40 pm i en mengde på minst 5 gram/liter, eventuelt inneholdende et bindemiddel og et overflateaktivt middel, og eventuelt polytetrafluoretylenpulver med partlkkeldiameter 0,1 - 0,4 pm, som smøremiddel for sveisetråd ved trekking og mating.
2. Anvendelse i henhold til krav 1, hvor partikkeldiameteren er 0,5-10 pm.
3. Anvendelse i henhold til krav 1, hvor partikkeldiameteren er 0,5-20 pm.
NO924649A 1991-12-03 1992-12-02 Anvendelse av en vandig dispersjon omfattende polytetrafluoretylenpulver som sm°remiddel for sveisetrÕd ved trekking og mating NO305487B1 (no)

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US5554308A (en) 1996-09-10
DE69210984T2 (de) 1996-11-21
NO924649L (no) 1993-06-04
EP0553437B1 (en) 1996-05-22
EP0553437A1 (en) 1993-08-04
JPH05329683A (ja) 1993-12-14
DE69210984D1 (de) 1996-06-27
JPH06172779A (ja) 1994-06-21
NO924649D0 (no) 1992-12-02

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