NO149665B - Smoeremiddel og konsentrat. - Google Patents

Smoeremiddel og konsentrat. Download PDF

Info

Publication number
NO149665B
NO149665B NO802409A NO802409A NO149665B NO 149665 B NO149665 B NO 149665B NO 802409 A NO802409 A NO 802409A NO 802409 A NO802409 A NO 802409A NO 149665 B NO149665 B NO 149665B
Authority
NO
Norway
Prior art keywords
weight
copper
oil
lubricant
compounds
Prior art date
Application number
NO802409A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
NO149665C (no
NO802409L (no
Inventor
Terence Colclough
Frederick Alastair Gibson
John Frederick Marsh
Original Assignee
Exxon Research Engineering Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=10507162&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=NO149665(B) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Exxon Research Engineering Co filed Critical Exxon Research Engineering Co
Publication of NO802409L publication Critical patent/NO802409L/no
Publication of NO149665B publication Critical patent/NO149665B/no
Publication of NO149665C publication Critical patent/NO149665C/no

Links

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M167/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a macromolecular compound, a non-macromolecular compound and a compound of unknown or incompletely defined constitution, each of these compounds being essential
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/02Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/06Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing conjugated dienes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/10Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing cycloaliphatic monomers
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/02Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/023Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/02Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/023Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C10M2207/024Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings having at least two phenol groups but no condensed ring
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/02Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/023Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C10M2207/027Neutral salts thereof
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/02Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/023Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C10M2207/028Overbased salts thereof
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/08Aldehydes; Ketones
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/12Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/121Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/123Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms polycarboxylic
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/12Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/125Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/12Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/129Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of thirty or more carbon atoms
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/14Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C10M2207/144Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings containing hydroxy groups
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/14Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C10M2207/146Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings having carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membeered aromatic rings having a hydrocarbon substituent of thirty or more carbon atoms
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/16Naphthenic acids
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/22Acids obtained from polymerised unsaturated acids
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/26Overbased carboxylic acid salts
    • C10M2207/262Overbased carboxylic acid salts derived from hydroxy substituted aromatic acids, e.g. salicylates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28Esters
    • C10M2207/282Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic oolycarboxylic acids
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28Esters
    • C10M2207/287Partial esters
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28Esters
    • C10M2207/287Partial esters
    • C10M2207/289Partial esters containing free hydroxy groups
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28Esters
    • C10M2207/34Esters having a hydrocarbon substituent of thirty or more carbon atoms, e.g. substituted succinic acid derivatives
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/02Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/02Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/04Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an alcohol or ester thereof; bound to an aldehyde, ketonic, ether, ketal or acetal radical
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/02Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/06Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an acyloxy radical of saturated carboxylic or carbonic acid
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/02Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/06Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an acyloxy radical of saturated carboxylic or carbonic acid
    • C10M2209/062Vinyl esters of saturated carboxylic or carbonic acids, e.g. vinyl acetate
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/02Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/08Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/02Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/08Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
    • C10M2209/084Acrylate; Methacrylate
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/02Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/08Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
    • C10M2209/086Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type polycarboxylic, e.g. maleic acid
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/10Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/10Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/103Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/10Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/103Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
    • C10M2209/104Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing two carbon atoms only
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/10Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/103Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
    • C10M2209/105Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing three carbon atoms only
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/10Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/103Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
    • C10M2209/106Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing four carbon atoms only
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/10Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/103Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
    • C10M2209/109Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups esterified
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/02Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M2215/04Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/02Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M2215/04Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2215/042Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Alkoxylated derivatives thereof
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/02Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M2215/06Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C10M2215/064Di- and triaryl amines
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/02Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M2215/06Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C10M2215/064Di- and triaryl amines
    • C10M2215/065Phenyl-Naphthyl amines
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/08Amides [having hydrocarbon substituents containing less than thirty carbon atoms]
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/08Amides [having hydrocarbon substituents containing less than thirty carbon atoms]
    • C10M2215/082Amides [having hydrocarbon substituents containing less than thirty carbon atoms] containing hydroxyl groups; Alkoxylated derivatives
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/086Imides [having hydrocarbon substituents containing less than thirty carbon atoms]
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/22Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/22Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
    • C10M2215/221Six-membered rings containing nitrogen and carbon only
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/22Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
    • C10M2215/225Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds the rings containing both nitrogen and oxygen
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/22Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
    • C10M2215/225Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds the rings containing both nitrogen and oxygen
    • C10M2215/226Morpholines
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/24Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions having hydrocarbon substituents containing thirty or more carbon atoms, e.g. nitrogen derivatives of substituted succinic acid
    • C10M2215/26Amines
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/24Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions having hydrocarbon substituents containing thirty or more carbon atoms, e.g. nitrogen derivatives of substituted succinic acid
    • C10M2215/28Amides; Imides
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/24Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions having hydrocarbon substituents containing thirty or more carbon atoms, e.g. nitrogen derivatives of substituted succinic acid
    • C10M2215/30Heterocyclic compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2217/00Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2217/00Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2217/02Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2217/00Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2217/02Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2217/022Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an amino group
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2217/00Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2217/02Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2217/024Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an amido or imido group
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2217/00Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2217/02Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2217/028Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a nitrogen-containing hetero ring
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2217/00Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2217/04Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2217/00Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2217/04Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2217/042Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds between the nitrogen-containing monomer and an aldehyde or ketone
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2217/00Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2217/04Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2217/043Mannich bases
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2217/00Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2217/04Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2217/046Polyamines, i.e. macromoleculars obtained by condensation of more than eleven amine monomers
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2217/00Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2217/06Macromolecular compounds obtained by functionalisation op polymers with a nitrogen containing compound
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/04Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
    • C10M2219/044Sulfonic acids, Derivatives thereof, e.g. neutral salts
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/04Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
    • C10M2219/046Overbased sulfonic acid salts
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/06Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof
    • C10M2219/062Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof having carbon-to-sulfur double bonds
    • C10M2219/066Thiocarbamic type compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/06Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof
    • C10M2219/062Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof having carbon-to-sulfur double bonds
    • C10M2219/066Thiocarbamic type compounds
    • C10M2219/068Thiocarbamate metal salts
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/08Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals
    • C10M2219/082Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2219/087Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Derivatives thereof, e.g. sulfurised phenols
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/08Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals
    • C10M2219/082Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2219/087Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Derivatives thereof, e.g. sulfurised phenols
    • C10M2219/088Neutral salts
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/08Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals
    • C10M2219/082Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2219/087Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Derivatives thereof, e.g. sulfurised phenols
    • C10M2219/089Overbased salts
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04Phosphate esters
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04Phosphate esters
    • C10M2223/042Metal salts thereof
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04Phosphate esters
    • C10M2223/045Metal containing thio derivatives
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04Phosphate esters
    • C10M2223/047Thioderivatives not containing metallic elements
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/10Phosphatides, e.g. lecithin, cephalin
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2227/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2227/06Organic compounds derived from inorganic acids or metal salts
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00Metal present as such or in compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/02Groups 1 or 11
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/04Groups 2 or 12
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/06Groups 3 or 13
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25Internal-combustion engines
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25Internal-combustion engines
    • C10N2040/251Alcohol-fuelled engines
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25Internal-combustion engines
    • C10N2040/255Gasoline engines
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25Internal-combustion engines
    • C10N2040/255Gasoline engines
    • C10N2040/28Rotary engines
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2070/00Specific manufacturing methods for lubricant compositions
    • C10N2070/02Concentrating of additives

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)

Description

Foreliggende oppfinnelse angår smøremidler, spesielt smøremidler for veivkasser i personbiler og lastebiler, samt konsentrater inneholdende slike midler. Smøre-midlene inneholder kobber i en tilstrekkelig mengde til å hemme eller a forsinke oksydasjon av smøremidlet under bruk uten at denne påvirker de andre komponentene i smøremidlet.
Det er stadig et stort behov for å forbedre effektiviteten og brukstiden på smøremidler, da spesielt de som brukes som smøremidler for veivkasser i forbrenningsmotorer såsom i biler og lastebiler. Begrensede oljeressurser og raskt økende priser på råoljen har gjort det mer ønskelig og mer nødvendig å fremstille oljebaserte produkter som har lengre brukstid.
En av de faktorer som i vesentlig grad for-korter brukstiden på smøremidler, er oksydasjon av"oljekompo-nenten. En oksydasjon resulterer i øket surhet på smøre-midlet, noe som igjen fører til større korrosjon i motoren og uønsket økende viskositet, noe som svekker de smørende egenskapene.
Skjønt høykvalitetsolje i seg selv er relativt motstandsdyktig overfor oksydasjon, så vil forurensninger slik som jern som uunngåelig er tilstede i forbrenningsmotorer, og vanlige smøremiddeladditiver såsom magnesium og kalsiumrensemidler og polyisobutenylravsyre/polyamin- eller -polyesterdispergeringsmidler, ofte ha den effekt at de i høy grad akselererer oksydasjonsprosessen, og dette fører til at oksydasjon ofte er en av hovedårsakene til at smøremidlet har redusert brukstid. I tillegg til dette har det vært et økende behov for å kunne bruke basisolje av lavere kvalitet, ettersom oljefelter som gir høykvalitetsoljer etterhvert blir uttømt. Disse oljer av lavere kvalitet har en større tendens til å bli oksydert.
En effektiv hemming eller forsinkelse av oksydasjonen er følgelig blitt viktig for å kunne oppnå mak-simal brukstid for et smøremiddel, og dette er blitt déssto mer viktig etterhvert som det er blitt et økende behov for lengre tidsrom mellom oljeskiftene, foruten at man ønsker å redusere oljeforbruket og ellers unngå forurensnings-problemer som lett kunne oppstå ved at man må fjerne store volumer med brukt olje.
Det har vært kjent i lengre tidsrom at enkelte forbindelser har evnen til å hemme eller forsinke oksydasjon når de tilsettes smøremidler. Således har f.eks. hindrede fenoler eller svovelbehandlede f enol.er vært brukt for dette formål, og sinkdialkylditiofosfater, som primært er midler for å senke slitasjen i motoren, har dessuten vist seg å ha god antioksyderende aktivitet. De kjente midler brukes typisk i store mengder for å oppnå den forønskede effekt, og dette øker prisen på smøremidlet, foruten at man i forbindelse med nevnte sinkdialkyltiofosfat gir et relativt uønsket høyt nivå av fosfor i oljen. Selv med relativt store mengder så vil man ofte ikke få en tilfredsstillende oksydasjonsbe-skyttelse i sammensetningen når denne inneholder andre additiver som eventuelt kan fremme en oksydasjon. Videre vil moderne smøremidler ofte inneholde komplekse blandinger av forskjellige additiver som hvert enkelt tjener et bestemt formål. Således kan f.eks. smøremidler idag inneholde en eller flere forbindelser for å modifisere viskositeten, kan videre inneholde rensemidler, dispergeringsmidler, midler for nøytralisering av syre, korrosjonshemmende forbindelser, antirustmidler og midler mot slitasje i motoren, foruten å beskytte og fremme motorens effekt når midlet brukes. Et effektivt antioksydasjonsmiddel skal hemme oksydasjon av småremidlet uten at dette pårvirker andre additivers funksjon og uten at man får uønskede forurensninger. Det tør være innlysende at hvis man ønsker å forlenge smøremidlets leve-tid gjennom en forsinkelse av oksydasjonen, så vil dette være uten verdi hvis motoren ødelegges ved økende korrosjon eller slitasje.
Ved bruk av foreliggende oppfinnelse er det nå mulig å hemme eller å forsinke oksydasjonen av et smøre-middel inneholdende dispergeringsmidler og antislitasje-additiver uten at man påvirker skadelig disse additivenes virkning, ved at smøremidlet inneholder en oljeoppløselig kobberforbindelse innenfor et gitt område med hensyn til konsentrasjoner.
Ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse er det tilveiebragt et smøremiddel inneholdende en smøreolje, samt (1) . et dispergeringsmiddel valgt fra gruppen bestående av: (a) 1-iO vekt-% av askeløse dispergerende forbindelser, (b) 0,3-10% av et viskositetsindeks-forbedrende dispergeringsmiddel ; (2) 0,01-0,5 vekt-%"fosfor;
(3) .0,01-0,5 vekt-%.sink
(4) eventuelt 2-8000 ppm kalsium eller magnesium; og dette midlet er kjennetegnet ved at det i tillegg inneholder (5) 5-500 ppm, beregnet på vekt, av tilsatt kobber i form av en oljeoppløselig kobberforbindelse.
Det er ifølge oppfinnelsen også tilveiebragt et konsentrat omfattende oljeoppløsning inneholdende: (1) et dispergeringsmiddel valgt fra gruppen bestående av: (a) 0-60, f.eks. 10-60 vekt-% av en åskeløs dispergerende forbindelse; (b) 0-40, f.eks. 3-40% av et polymert viskositetsindeks-forbedrende dispergeringsmiddel; (2) 0,1-10 vekt-% fosfor; (3) 0,1-10 vekt-% sink; -3 4 (4) . eventuelt fra 8x10 <-3> til 8x10 ppm kalsium eller magnesium; og dette konsentrat er kjennetegnet ved at det i tillegg inneholder (5) 0,005-2 vekt-% kobber i form av en oljeoppløselig kobberforbindelse .
Smøremidlet kan også inneholde ett eller flere såkalte overbasete additiver som funksjonerer som anti-syre-og anti-rustmidler, såsom overbasete kalsium- eller magnesium-sulfonater eller -fenater.
Den mengde kobberforbindelse som brukes er kritisk for å oppnå fordelene med oppfinnelsen. Hvis man har for lave konsentrasjoner, så vil den antioksyderende effekt ikke kunne oppnås i tilstrekkelig grad. Hvis man bruker for høye konsentrasjoner, så vil man påvirke andre additiver, og man kunne observere en økende slitasje på punkter med høy belastning, såsom på kamaksler og ventil-løftere. Kobberkonsentrasjon i smøremidlet er fortrinnsvis 10-200, f.eks. 60-200 ppm. Mengden av den kobberforbindelse som brukes innenfor nevnte område, vil også fortrinnsvis være korrelert med mengden av sinkdihydrokarbylditiofosfat, noe som kan indikeres ved fosforkonsentrasjonen.
Evnen på en oljeoppløselig kobberforbindelse til å funksjonere som et antioksydasjonsmiddel i smøremidler er overraskende. Det er kjent at kobber i mange tilfeller virker som en oksydasjonsfremmende forbindelse eller som katalysator. Videre vet man at nær beslektede metaller såsom kobolt og krom ikke er effektive som antioksydasjonsmidler i smøremidler.
Det er også overraskende at kobberforbindelsen funksjonerer effektivt i sammensetninger som inneholder andre metallforbindelser, såsom sinkdialkylditiofosfater og kalsium- eller magnesium-overbasete additiver, som man ellers kunne forvente skulle bli inaktivert ved en innbyrdes utbyt-ning av metallkomponentene.
De kobberholdige antioksydasjonsmidler som an-vendes i foreliggende oppfinnelse er billige og er effektive ved lave konsentrasjoner, og vil derfor ikke i vesentlig grad øke prisen på produktet. De resultater man har oppnådd er ofte bedre enn de som er oppnådd med tidligere kjente anti-oks<y>das jonsmidler som er kostbare og som brukes i høyere konsentrasjoner, I de mengder som brukes vil kobberforbindelsen ikke påvirke de andre komponentene i smøremidlet,
og i mange tilfeller har man oppnådd fullstendig tilfredsstillende resultater når kobberforbindelsen har vært det eneste antioksydasjonsmidlet i tillegg til ZDDP. Kobberfor-
forbindelsene kan brukes for å erstatte helt eller delvis behovet for supplerende antioksydasjonsmidler. For spesielt ut-satte motorer kan det således være ønskelig å tilsette et vanlig kjent, supplerende antioksydasjonsmiddel. De mengder som imidlertid trengs av dette supplerende antioksydasjonsmiddel er små', langt mindre enn det som er nødvendig når kobberforbindelsen er fraværende.
Det har tidligere vært enkeltstående refer-anser 1 litteraturen til en tilsetning av kobberforbindelser i smoremiddelsammensetninger, men ingen av disse ref-eranser beskriver en sammensetning av den type som er beskrevet her.
U.S. patentene.nr. 2.343.756 og 2.356.662 beskriver tilsetningen av kobberforbindelser i forbindelse med svovelforbindelser til smøreoljer. I U.S. patent nr. 2.552.580 tilsettes kobberholdige tiofosfater i smoremiddelsammensetninger i relativt hoye konsentrasjoner, og dette resulterte i et uonsket hoyt sulfatert askeinnhold. I U.S. patent nr. 3.346.493 er det beskrevet en rekke polymeriske amin-metallreaktanter som rensemidler i smoremiddelsammensetninger. I de to isolerte tilfeller hvor metal-let er kobber og sammensetningen inneholder sinkdihydrokarbylditiofosfat, så er enten mengden av kobber som brukes utenfor det område som er angitt i foreliggende oppfinnelse, eller det har vært nodvendig at den oljeuopploselige kobberforbindelsen må kompleksdannes med dispergeringsmidlet.
U.S. patent nr. 3.652.616 beskriver en rekke polymeriske amin-metallholdige reaktanter for tilsetning til smoremiddelsammensetninger. U.S. patent nr. 4.122.033 beskriver at hele gruppen av overgangsmetallforbindelser kan brukes som additiver for smoremidler.
Ingen av de ovennevnte patenter beskriver bruken av kobberforbindelser som er oljeopploselige som så-danne i et konsentrasjonsområde liggende fra 5 - 500 ppm i samband med et sinkdihydrokarbylditiofosfat, og et askelost slamdispergeringsmiddel eller et polymerisk dispergeringsmiddel for å bedre viskositetsindeksen. Ingen av de ovennevnte patenter beskriver en slik sammensetning med kobber enten i en kompleksdannet form med dispergeringsmidlet eller i en ikke-kompleksdannet form, i det foretrukne området fra 10 - 200 ppm. Ingen av patentene beskriver at en slik sammensetning har evnen til å motstå oksydasjon samtidig som man får gode egenskaper med hensyn til mot-stand mot slitasje, og ingen av patentene beskriver at slike sammensetninger også kan innbefatte overbasete additiver uten at dette svekker smøremidlenes oksydasjonsresistens.
Smøreoljen i foreliggende oppfinnelse innbefatter mineralske smøreoljer og syntetiske smøreoljer og blandinger av disse. De syntetiske oljene kan innbefatte diesteroljer slik som di(2-etylheksyl)sebacat, azelat og adipat; komplekse esteroljer såsom de som fremstilles fra dikarboksylsyrer, glykoler og enten monobasiske syrer eller monoalkoholer; silikonoljer; sulfidestere; organiske karbonater; hydrokarbonoljer og andre kjente syntetiske oljer. Oppfinnelsen er spesielt fordelaktig i forbindelse med mineralske smøreoljer og har den fordel at man kan bruke basisoljer som har dårlige antioksyderende egenskaper i forhold til de som brukes for tiden.
Oljene ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse inneholder som nevnt, 0,01-0,5 vekt-% fosfor og 0,01-0,5 vekt-% sink, fortrinnsvis 0,03-0,3 vekt-%, mer foretrukket 0,04-0,14 vekt-% fosfor og sink, og disse vektprosenter og alle de etterfølgende vektprosenter er basert på den totale vekten av smøremidlet eller additivkonsentratsammensetningen. Alle vektdeler som er brukt her er basert på 100 vektdeler av det totale smøremiddel eller additivkonsentratsammensetningen hvis intet annet er angitt. Fosforet og sinken kan hensiktsmessig tilveiebringes ved hjelp av et sinkdihydrokarbylditiofosfat. Generelt vil man bruke 0,01-5 deler, fortrinnsvis 0,2-2,0 deler, mer foretrukket 0,5-
1,5 vektdeler pr. 100 deler av smøremidlet av et sinkdihydrokarbylditiofosfat.
Sinkdihydrokarbylditiofosfater som kan brukes i smøremidler ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse kan fremstilles på kjent måte ved at man først danner en ditiofos-forsyre, vanligvis ved å reagere en alkohol eller en fenol med P2S5 og beretter nøytraliserer den fremstilte ditiofosforsyren med en egnet sinkforbindelse.
Man kan bruke blandinger av alkoholer såsom blandinger av primære og sekundære alkoholer, sekundære vanligvis for å gi bedrede egenskaper med hensyn til anti-slitasje, mens de primære i alt vesentlig gir bedrede egenskaper med hensyn til varmestabiliteten. Blandinger av de to er spesielt brukbare. Generelt kan man bruke enhver basisk eller noytral sinkforbindelse, men oksydene, hydrok-sydene og karbonatene er de mest vanlig brukte. Kommersiel-le additiver inneholder ofte et overskudd av sink på grunn av et overskudd av den basiske sinkforbindelsen i noytra-liseringsreaksjonen.
Sinkdihydrokarbylditiofosfater som kan brukes i foreliggende oppfinnelse er oljeopploselige salter av dihydrokarbylestere av ditiofosforsyrer, og kan angis ved den folgende generelle formel:
hvor R og R' kan være de eller samme hydrokarbylradikaler med fra 1-18, fortrinnsvis 2-12, karbonatomer, og innbefatter radikaler såsom alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, aralkyl, alk-aryl og cykloalifatiske radikaler. Spesielt foretrukne som R- og R'-grupper er alkylgrupper med fra 2-8 karbonatomer. Radikalene kan således f.eks. være etyl, n-pro-pyl, i-pro<p>yl, n-butyl, i-butyl, sek-butyl, amyl, n-heksyl, i-heksyl, n-heptyl, n-oktyl, decyl, dodecyl, oktadecyl, 2-etylheksyl, fenyl, butylfenyl, cykloheksyl, metylcyklopen-tyl, propenyl, butenyl etc. For å oppnå oljeopploselig-het bor det totale antall karbonatomer (dvs. R og R') i ditiofosforsyren generelt være ca. 5 eller mere.
Kobberet kan blandes i oljen som enhver
egnet oljeopploselig kobberforbindelse, og med oljeopploselig forstås at forbindelsen er opploselig under normale blandebetingelser i oljen eller additivkonsentratet. Kob-berf orbindelsen kan være i 1- eller 2-verdig form. Kobberet kan være i form av kobberdihydrokarbyltio- eller -ditiofosfater hvor kobberet er byttet ut med sink i forbindel-sene, og kan fremstilles ved hjelp av de ovennevnte reak-sjoner skjont ett mol 1-verdig eller 2-verdig kobberoksyd kan reageres med 1 eller 2 mol av ditiofosforsyren henholdsvis. Alternativt kan kobberet tilsettes som kobber-saltet av en syntetisk eller naturlig karboksylsyre. Eksempler innbefatter C-^q - C-^g-f ettsyrer som stearinsyre eller palmitinsyre, men det er foretrukket å bruke umettede syrer såsom oljesyrer eller grenede karboksylsyrer såsom nafteniske syrer med molekylvekter fra 200 - 500, eller syntetiske karboksylsyrer, fordi dette gir bedrede egenskaper med hensyn til behandling og opploselighet på de resulterende kobberkarboksylater.
Man kan også bruke oljeopploselige kobberditio-karbamater med generell formel (RR'NCSS)nCu (hvor n er 1 eller 2 og R og R' er de samme eller forskjellige og som beskrevet ovenfor for nevnte sinkdihydrokarbylditiofosfat). Man kan også bruke kobbersulfonater, -fenater og-acetylace-tonater.
Man har funnet at når kobberholdige forbindelser brukes i kombinasjon med sinkdialkylditiofosfater,
så er mengden av kobber i oljen viktig for å oppnå en onske-lig kombinasjon av antioksyderende egenskaper og egenskaper for å motvirke slitasje, noe som er nodvendig for å få lang brukstid på smoremidlet.
Det er foretrukket at smøremidlet inneholder fra 60 - 200, fortrinnsvis 80 - 180, mer foretrukket fra 90 - 120, skjønt man generelt kan bruke fra 5 - 500, mer foretrukket fra 10 - 200, mer spesielt fra 10 - 180, og enda mer spesielt fra 20 - 130 ppm basert på vekten av smøre-midlet. Den foretrukne mengde vil være avhengig av andre faktorer såsom kvaliteten på basisoljen.
Smøremidler ifølge foreliggen-
de op<p>finnelse vil vanligvis inneholde andre tradisjonelle kjente smoremiddeladditiver såsom rusthemmende forbindelser såsom lecitin, sorbitanmonooleat, dodecylravsyr eanhy-drid eller etoksylerte alkylfenoler, midler for å senke hellepunktet såsom sampolymerer av vinylacetat med fumar-syreestere av kokosnottoljealkoholer; midler for å bedre viskositetindeksen såsom olefinsampolymerer, polymetakry-later etc.
I kobberfrie oljer er det ofte nodvendig med andre antioksydasjonsmidler i tillegg til sinkdialkylditiofosfat for å bedre oljens oksydasjonsstabilitet. Disse supplerende antioksydasjonsmidler blir ofte tilsatt spesielt når basisoljen har dårlig oksyderende stabilitet, og typisk vil disse midler tilsettes oljen i mengder på fra 0,5 - 2,5 vekt-%. De supplerende antioksydasjonsmidler som ofte brukes innbefatter fenoler, hindrede fenoler, bis-fenoler og svovelbehandlede fenoler, katekol, alkylerte katekoler og svovelbehandlede alkylkatekoler, difenylamin og alkyldifenylaminer, fenyl-l-naftylamin og dets alkylerte derivater, alkylborater og arylborater, alkylfosfitter og alkylfosfater, arylfosfitter og arylfosfater, 0,0,S-tri-alkylditiofosfater, 0,0,S-triarylditiofosfater og 0,0,S-tri-substituerte ditiofosfater som inneholder både alkyl- og arylgrupper.
En. tilsetning av mindre mengder av kobber vil vanligvis fjerne behovet for disse supplerende antioksydasjonsmidler. Oppfinnelsen innbefatter dog at man bruker et supplerende antioksydasjonsmiddel, da spesielt i oljer som brukes under spesielt harde betingelser hvor det kan være fordelaktig.med et nærvær av et slikt supplerende antiok-sydas jonsmiddel .
Hovedfordelen ved foreliggende oppfinnelse er at bruken av kobber gjor at man kan erstatte helt eller delvis alle supplerende antioksydasjonsmidler, dvs. et anti-oksydas jonsmiddel i tillegg til nevnte ZDDP. Videre er
det mulig å fremstille smøremidler med de
foronskede antioksyderende egenskaper uten ytterligere supplerende antioksydasjonsmidler eller med langt mindre enn normale konsentrasjoner, f.eks. med mindre enn 0,5 vekt-%, og ofte mindre enn 0,3 vekt-% av nevnte supplerende antioksydasjonsmiddel. Nærværet av mindre mengder av kobber ifolge foreliggende oppfinnelse har dessuten den fordel at man kan bruke mindre mengder av et sinkdialkylditiofosfat.
De dispergerende egenskaper kan tilveiebringes ved tradisjonelle askelose dispergerende forbindelser for smoreoljer, såsom derivater av langkjedede hydrokarbon-substituerte karboksylsyrer, hvor nevnte hydrdkarbongrupper inneholder fra 50 - 400 karbonatomer. Nevnte dispergeringsmidler vil vanligvis være et nitrogenholdig, askelost dispergeringsmiddel med en relativ hoymolekylær, alifatisk hydrokarbon-oljeopploseliggjbrende gruppe knyttet til dis-pergeringsmidle t eller en ester av et ravsyre/anhydrid hvortil det er knyttet en hoymolekylær alifatisk hydrokar-bongruppe som er avledet fra mono- og polyalkoholer, fenoler og naftoler.
Nevnte nitrogenholdige dispergeringsmiddel-additiver er de som er kjent som slamdispergeringsmidler for veivkassemotoroljer. Disse dispergeringsmidler innbefatter mineralolje-opploselige salter, amider, imi der, ok-sazoliner og estere av mono- og dikarboksylsyrer (og hvor de eksisterer, de tilsvarende syreanhydrider) av forskjellige aminer og nitrogenholdige forbindelser som inneholder aminonitrogen eller heterocyklisk nitrogen, og minst én amido- eller hydroksygruppe som er istand til å danne et salt, et amid, et imid, et oksazolin eller en ester. Andre nitrogenholdige dispergeringsmidler som kan brukes i foreliggende oppfinnelse innbefatter de hvor et nitrogenholdig polyamin er knyttet direkte til et langkjedet alifatisk hydrokarbon, f.eks. slik det er vist i U.S. patentene 3.275.554 og 3.565.804, hvor halogengruppen i det haloge-nerte hydrokarbonet er erstattet med forskjellige alkylen-polyaminer.
Andre typer av nitrogenholdige dispergeringsmidler som kan brukes, er de som inneholder Mannich-base eller Mannich-kondensasjonsprodukter slik disse er kjent i litteraturen. Slike Mannich-konderisasjonsprodukter vil vanligvis bli fremstilt ved å kondensere ca. 1 mol av en alkylsubstituert fenol med fral - 2,5 mol formaldehyd og med fra 0,5-2 mol polyalkylenpolyamin, f.eks. slik det er beskrevet i U.S. patent 3.-442.808. Slike Mannich-kondensasjonsprodukter innbefatter et langkjedet, hoymole-kylært hydrokarbon på fenolgruppen eller kan reageres med en forbindelse som inneholder et slikt hydrokarbon, f.eks. alkenylravsyreanhydrid slik det er nevnt i forannevnte U.S. patent 3.442.808.
Dispergeringsmidler inneholdende monokarboksylsyre er beskrevet i U.K. patent 983.040. Her kan den hSymolekylære monokarbdksylsyren avledes fra et polyole-fin, såsom polyisobutylen, ved oksydasjon med salpetersyre eller oksygen, eller ved å tilsette halogen til nevnte poly-olefin fulgt av en hydrolyse dg oksydasjon. En annen fremgangsmåte er beskrevet i belgisk patent 658.236 hvor polyolefiner, såsom polymerer av - C^-monoolefiner, f.eks. polypropylen eller polyisobutylen, blir halogenert, f.eks. ved hjelp av klor, og så kondensert med en a, (3-umettet, monokarboksylsyre med fra 3 - 8, fortrinnsvis 3-4 karbonatomer, f.eks. akrylsyre, oc-metyl-akrylsyre etc. Videre kan man bruke estere av slike syrer, f.eks. etyImetakrylat istedenfor den frie syren.
Den mest brukte dikarboksylsyre er alkenylravsyreanhydrid hvor alkenylgruppen inneholder ca. 50 - 400 karbonatomer.
På grunn av sin lette tilgjengelighet og lave pris, så er det foretrukket at hydrokarbondelen av nevnte mono- eller dikarboksylsyre eller andre substituerte grupper, er avledet av en polymer av en C 2 - C^-monoolefin, og hvor nevnte polymer generelt har en molekylvekt fra ca.
700 - ca. 5000. Spesielt foretrukket er polyisobutylen.
Polyalkylenaminene er vanligvis de aminer
som brukes for å fremstille dispergeringsmidlet. Disse
polyalkylenaminer innbefatter de med folgende generelle formel:
hvor n er 2 eller 3 og m er 0 - 10. Eksempler på slike polyalkylenaminer innbefatter dietylentriamin, tetraetylenpentamin, oktaetylennonamin, tetrapropylenpentamin såvel som forskjellige cykliske polyalkylenaminer.
Dispergeringsmidler som fremstilles ved å reagere alkenylravsyreanhydrid, f.eks. polyisobutenylravsyreanhydrid, og et- amin, er beskrevet i U.S. patentene 3-202.678, 3.154.560, 3.172.892, 3.024.195, 3.024.237, 3.219.666, 3.216.936 og belgisk patent nr. 662.875.
Alternativt kan nevnte askelose dispergeringsmidler være estere avledet av enhver av de forannevnte langkjedede hydrokarbonsubstituert karboksylsyrer, for-
uten fra hydroksyforbindelser såsom mono- og polyalkoholer eller aromatiske forbindelser såsom fenoler og naftoler etc. Polyalkoholene er de mest foretrukne hydroksyforbindelser,
og bor fortrinnsvis inneholde fra 2-10 hydroksyradikaler, f.eks. etylenglykol, dietylenglykol, trietylenglykol, tetra-etylenglykol, dipropylenglykol og andre alkylenglykoler hvor alkylenradikalet inneholder fra 2-8 karbonatomer. Andre brukbare .polyalkoholer omfatter glycerol, mono-oleat
av glycerol, monostearat av glycerol, monometyleter av glycerol og pentaerytritol.
Esterdispergeringsmidlet kan også være fremstilt fra umettede alkoholer såsom allylalkohol, cinnamyl-alkohol, propargylalkohol, l-cykloheksan-3-ol og oleylalko-hol. Andre grupper av alkoholer som kan gi estere ifolge foreliggende oppfinnelse innbefatter eter-alkoholene og amino-alkoholene, f.eks. oksy-alkylen, oksy-arylen-, aminoalkylen- og amino-arylen-substituerte alkoholer med 1
eller flere oksy-alkylen-, aminoalkylen- eller amino-arylen-oksy-arylenradikaler henholdsvis. Disse forbindelser kan eksemplifiseres ved "Cellosolve", "Carbitol", N,N,N',N'-tetrahydro-trimetylendi-amin og lignende. I de. fleste tilfeller vil eter-alkoholene ha opptil 150 oksy-alkylenradi-kaler hvor alkylenradikalet har fra 1-8 karbonatomer.
Esterdispergeringsmidlet kan være di-estere av ravsyrer eller syreestere, dvs. delvis forestrede ravsyrer, såvel som delvis forestrede polyalkoholer eller fenoler, dvs. estere med frie alkoholer eller fenoliske hydroksylradikaler. Videre kan man i foreliggende oppfinnelse bruke blandinger av de ovennevnte esteré.
Esterdispergeringsmidlet kari fremstilles ved hjelp av en rekke kjente fremgangsmåter, f.eks. slik det er beskrevet i U.S. patent 3.522.179.
Hydroksyaminer som kan reageres med enhver av de forannevnte langkjedede hydrokarbon-substituerte karboksylsyrer for fremstilling av dispergeringsmidler, innbefatter 2-åmino-l-butanol, 2-amino-2-metyl-l-propanol, p-(P-hydroksyetyl)-anilin, 2-amino-l-propanol, 3-amino-l-propanol, 2-amino-2-metyl-l, 3-propan-diol, 2-amino-2-etyl-l-, 3-propandiol, N-( (3-hydroksy-propyl)-N' -(|3-aminoetyl)-piper-azin, tris(hydroksymetyl)-amino-metan (også kjent som trismetylolaminometan), 2-amino-l-butanol, etanolamin, |3-((3-hydroksyetoksy)-etylamin o.l. Videre kan man bruke blandinger av disse eller lignende aminer.
De foretrukne dispergeringsmidler er de som er avledet av polyisobutenyl-ravsyreanhydrid og polyetylen-aminer, f.eks. tetraetylenpentamin, polyoksyetylen og poly-oksypropylenaminer, f.eks. polyoksypropylendiamin, trismetylolaminometan og pentaerytrito samt kombinasjoner av disse. En spesielt foretrukken dispergeringsmiddelkombinasjon innbefatter en kombinasjon av (A) polyisobutenyl-ravsyreanhydrid med (B) en hydroksyforbindelse, f.eks. pentaerytritol, (C) et polyoksyalkylenpolyamin, f.eks. polyoksypropylendiamin og (D) et polyalkylenpolyamin, f.eks. polyetylendiamin og tetraetylenpentamin idet man bruker ca. 0,01 - ca. 4 ekvivalenter av (B) og (D) og ca. 0,01 - ca. 2 ekvivalenter av (C) pr. ekvivalent av (A) som beskrevet i U.S. patent 3-804.763. En annen foretrukken dispergeringsmiddelkombinasjon innbefatter en kombinasjon av (A) polyisobutenylravsyreanhydrid med (B) en polyalkylenpolyamin, f.eks. tetraetylenpentamin og (C) en poly-alkohol eller polyhydroksy-substituert alifatisk primært amin, f.eks. pentaerytritol eller trismetylolaminometan som beskrevet i U.S. patent 3.632.511.
Dispergeringsmidler av alkenylravsyreanhydrid-polyamintypen kan videre modifiseres med en borforbindelse såsom boroksyd, borhalogenider, borsyrer og ester av borsyrer i en mengde som tilveiebringer fra 0,1 - ca. 10 atomdeler bor pr. mol av den acylerte nitrogenforbindelse slik det generelt er beskrevet i U.S. patentene 3.087.936 og 3.25A-.025. Videre kan man bruke blandinger av dispergeringsmidler slik det er beskrevet i U.S. patent 4.113.639.
Oljene kan inneholde fra 1,0 - 10 vekt-%, fortrinnsvis 2,0 - 7,0 vekt-% av disse dispergeringsmid-lene.
Alternativt kan dispergeringsevnen tilveiebringes ved hjelp av 0,3 - 10% av et polymerisk dispergeringsmiddel som samtidig bedrer viskositetsindeksen.
Eksempler på ovennevnte type dispergeringsmidler, dvs. de som bedrer viskositetsindeksen, innbefatter: (a) polymerer som består av - C^-umettede estere av vinylalkohol eller - C-^-umettede mono- eller di-karboksylsyre med umettet nitrogen inneholdende monomerer med fra 4-20 karbonatomer, (b) polymerer av en C2 - C2Q-olefin med umettet C, - C-^q-mono- eller di-karboksylsyre noytralisert med amin,
hydroksyamin eller alkoholer,
(c) polymerer av etylen med en - C2Q-olefin ytterligere reagert enten ved poding ved poding med - C^q-umettet nitrogen-holdige monomerer eller ved poding med en umettet syre på en polymerkjede og deretter reagere nevnte karboksylsyregrupper med amin, hydroksyamin eller alkohol.
I disse polymerer kan aminet, hydroksyaminet eller alkoholen være av mono- eller polytypen slik det er beskrevet ovenfor i forbindelse med de askelose disper-geringsmiddelforbindelsene.
Det er foretrukket at nevnte dispergeringsmiddel for å bedre viskositetsindeksen har en midlere tall-molekylvekt varierende slik denne kan måles ved dampfase-osometri, membranosometri eller gelinntrengningskromato-grafi, fra 1000 - 2.000.000, fortrinnsvis 5.000 - 250.000 og mest foretrukket fra 10.000 - 200.000. Det er også foretrukket at polymerene i gruppe (a) innbefatter en stprre mengde av en umettet ester og en mindre mengde, f.eks. fra 0,1 - 40, fortrinnsvis ,1 - 20 vekt-%, av en nitrogenholdig, umettet monomer, og hvor nevnte vektprosent er basert på vekten av den totale polymeren. Fortrinnsvis bor polymer-gruppen (b) innbefatte fra 0,1 - 10 mol olefin, fortrinns-0,2-5 mol av C2- C2Q-alifatiske eller -aromatiske ole-. fingrupper pr. mol av den umettede karboksylsyregruppen,
og at fra 50 - 100% av nevnte syregrupper er nøytralisert. Polymeren fra gruppe (c) bor fortrinnsvis innbefatte en etylensampolymer inneholdende fra 25 - 80 vekt-% etylen med fra 75 - 20 vekt-% av en - C20 monor ,og/eller di-olefin, og hvor 100 vektdeler av etylensampolymeren er podet med enten fra 0,1 - 40, fortrinnsvis 1-20 vektdeler av en umettet nitrogenholdig monomer, eller er podet med 0,01 - 5 vektdeler av en umettet - C-^Q-mono- eller di-karboksylsyre, og hvor sistnevnte syre er 50% eller mer nøy-tralisert.
De umettede karboksylsyrer som brukes i (a), (b) og (c) bor fortrinnsvis inneholde fra 3-10, mer vanlig fra 3-4 karbonatomer, og kan være monokarboksylsyrer såsom metakrylsyr er og akrylsyrer eller dikarboksylsyrer såsom maleinsyre, maleinsyreanhydrid, fumarsyre etc.
Eksempler på umettede estere som kan brukes innbefatter alifatiske mettede monoalkoholer med minst 1 karbonatom, fortrinnsvis fra 12 - 20 karbonatomer, såsom decylakrylat, laurylakrylat, stearylakrylat, eicosanyl-akrylat, docosanylakrylat, decylmetakrylat, diamylfumarat, laurylmetakrylat,. cetylmetakrylat, stearylmetakrylat og lignende samt blandinger av disse.
Andre estere innbefatter vinylalkoholestere av C2 - C22~fett- eller monokarboksylsyrer, fortrinnsvis mettet, såsom vinylacetat, vinyllaurat, vinylpalmitat, vinylstearat, vinyloleat og lignende samt blandinger av disse.
Eksempler på egnede umettede, nitrogenholdige monomerer med fra 4-20 karbonatomer, som kan brukes i (a) og (c) ovenfor, innbefatter aminosubstituerte olefiner såsom p-( |3-dietylaminoetyl)-styren, basiske nitrogen-holdige heterocykliske forbindelser som inneholder en polymeriser-bar, etylenisk umettet substituent, f.eks. vinylpyridiner og vinylalkylpyridiner såsom 2-binyl-5-etylpyridin, 2-metyl-5-vinyl-pyridin, 2-vinyl-pyridin, 3-vinyl-pyridin, 4-vinyl-pyridin, 3-metyl-5-vinyl-pyridin, 4-metyl-2-vinyl-pyridin, 4-etyl-2-vinyl-pyridin og 2-butyl-5-vinyl-pyridin o.l.
N-vinyllaktamer er også egnet, og spesielt egnet er N-vinylpyrrolidoner eller N-vinylpiperidoner. Vinylradikalet er foretrinnsvis usubstituert (CfL^CH-),
men kan være mono-substituert med en alifatisk hydrokar-bongruppe med fra 1-2 karbonatomer, såsom metyl- eller etyl.
Vinylpyrrolidonene er den foretrukne gruppe
av N-vinyllaktamer og kan eksemplifiseres ved N-vinylpyrrolidon, N-(l-metylvinyl)pyrrolidon, N-vinyl-5-metyl-pyrrolidon, N-vinyl-3,3-d.imetylpyrrolidon, N-vinyl-5-etyl-pyrrolidon, N-vinyl-4-butylpyrrolidon,N-etyl-3-vinylpyrrolidon, N-butyl-5-vinylpyrrolidon, 3-vinylpyrrolidon, 4-vinylpyrrolidon, 5-vinylpyrrolidon og 5-cykloheksyl-N-vinylpyrrolidon.
Eksempler på olefiner som kan brukes for å fremstille sampolymerene fra (b) og (c) ovenfor innbefat-
ter mono-olefiner såsom propylen, 1-buten, 1-penten, 1-heksen, 1-hepten, 1-decen, 1-dodecen, styren etc.
Representative eksempler på diolefiner som kan brukes i (c) innbefatter 1,4-heksadien, 1,5-heptadien, 1,6-oktadien, 5-metyl-l,4-heksadien, 1,4-cykloheksadien, 1,5-cyklo-oktadien, vinyl-cykloheksan, dicyklopentenyl og 4,4'-dicykloheksenyl såsom tetrahydroinden, metyltetrahydro-inden, dicyklopentadien, bicyklo(2,2,1)hepta-2,5-dien, alke-hyl, alkyliden, 5-metylen-2-norbornen, 5-etyliden-2-nor-bornen.
Typiske polymere dispergeringsmidler for forbedring av viskositetsindeksen innbefatter sampolymerer av alkylmetakrylater med n-vinylpyrrolidon eller dimetyl-aminoalkylmetakrylat, alkylfumarat-vinylacetat-N-vinyl-pyrrolidinsampolymerer, etterpodede interpolymerer av etylenpropylen med en aktiv monomer såsom maleinsyreanhydrid, som kan ytterligere reageres med en alkohol eller en alkylen-polyamin, se f.eks. U.S. patentene 4.089.794, 4.160.739, 4.137.185, eller sampolymerer av etylen og propylen reagert med eller podet med nitrogenforbindelser slik det er vist i' U.S. patentene 4.068.056, 4.068.058, 4.146.489 og 4.149.984, styren/maleinsyreanhydrid-polymerer som er etter-reagert med alkoholer og aminer, etoksylerte derivater av akrylatpolymerer, se f.eks. U.S. patent 3.702.300.
Magnesium- og kalsiumholdige additiver brukes ofte i smøremidler. De kan f.eks. brukes som metallsaltene av sulfonsyrer, alkylfenoler, forsvovlede alkylfenoler, alkylsalicylater, naftenater og andre oljeoppløselige mono-og di-karboksylsyrer.
Sterkt basiske jordalkalimetallsulfonåter ble vanligvis fremstilt ved å oppvarme en blanding som innbefatter en oljeoppløselig alkarylsulfonsyre med et overskudd av en jordalkalimetallforbindelse utover det som er nødvendig for å få en fullstendig nøytralisering av sulfon-syren, hvoretter man danner et dispergert karbonatkompleks ved å reagere overskuddet av metall med karbondioksyd for å få den foronskede overbasekarakteren. Sulfonsyrene ble vanligvis fremstilt ved å sulfonere alkylsubstituerte aromatiske hydrokarboner, f.eks. av den type som fremstilles ved en fraksjonering av petroleum ved destillasjon og/ eller ekstraksjon eller ved en alkylering av aromatiske hydrokarboner, f.eks. av den type man oppnår ved å alky-lere benzen, toluen, xylen, naftalen, difenyl samt halo-genderivater såsom klorbenzen, klortoluen og klornaftalen. Alkyleringen kan utfores i nærvær av en katalysator og ved hjelp av alkyleringsmidler som har fra 3-30 karbonatomer, såsom halogenparafiner, olefiner som kan fremstilles ved dehydrogenering av parafiner, polyolefiner såsom f.eks. polymerer av etylen, propylen etc. Alkarylsulfonatene vil vanligvis inneholde fra 9-70 karbonatomer, fortrinnsvis fra 16 - 50 karbonatomer pr. alkyl-substituert aromatisk gruppe.
De jordalkalimetallfortaindelser som kan
brukes for å nøytralisere nevnte alkarylsulfonsyrer for derved å få sulfonatene, innbefatter oksyder og hydroksyder, alkoksyder, karbonater, karboksylat, sulfid, hydro-sulfid, nitrat, borater samt etere av magnesium, kalsium og barium. Eksempler er kalsiumoksyd, kalsiumhydroksyd, magne-siumacetat og magnesiumborat. Som nevnt ovenfor må alkali-jordmetallforbindelsen brukes i et overskudd i forhold til det som er nødvendig for å få en fullstendig nøytraliser-
ing av nevnte alkarylsulfonsyrer. Vanligvis vil mengden variere fra 100 - 220%, skjont det er foretrukket å bruke minst 125% av den stokiometriske mengde metall som er nodvendig for å få en fullstendig nøytralisering.
Fremstillingen av sterkt basiske jordalkali-metallalkarylsulfonater er generelt kjent, og er f.eks. beskrevet i U.S. patentene 3.150.088 og 3.150.089 hvor nevnte overbasekarakter oppnås ved en hydrolyse av alkoksyd-karbonatkomplekset med alkarylsulfonatet i en hydrokar-bonopplosningsmiddel-fortynnende olje. Som sistnevnte er det foretrukket å bruke flyktige biprodukter som lett kan fjernes hvorved man får det rusthemmende additiv i et bære-stoff, f.eks. "Solvent 150N" smøreolje, som er egnet for tilsetning til smoreoljesammensetningen. For det foreliggende formål er det foretrukne alkalijordmetallsulfonat et magnesiumalkyl-aromatisk sulfonat med et totalt basetall varierende fra 300 - ca. 400, og med et magnesiumsulfonat-innhold varierende fra ca. 25 - ca. 32 vekt-% basert på
den totale vekt av additivsystemet dispergert i nevnte opplosningsmiddel "Solvent 150 Neutral Oil".
Polyvalente metallalkylsalicylater og nafte-naftforbindelser er kjente additiver for smoreoljesammen-setninger for å bedre deres smbreevne ved hoyere tempera-turer, og for å motvirke en avsetning av karbonholdige stoffer på stemplene (se U.S. patent 2.744.069). En økning i reservebasisiteten på de polyvalente metallalkylsalicylater og -naftenater kan oppnås ved å bruke jordalkalimetall, f.eks. kalsium, salter av blandinger av CQ - C2g-alkylsalicylater og-fenater (se U.S. patent 2.744.069) eller polyvalente metallsalter av alkylsalicylsyrer og hvor nevnte syrer er fremstilt ved alkylering av fenoler fulgt av en fenering, karboksylering og hydrolyse (U.S. patent 3.704.315) som så kan omdannes til sterkt basiske salter ved generelt kjent teknikk som brukes for slik omdannelse. Denne reservebasisiteten på nevnte metallholdige rusthemmende forbindelser er brukbar ved TBN-nivåer på mellom 60 og 150. Ofte inkludert med nevnte polyvalente metallsalicylater og -naf-tenatforbindelser er metylen og svovelforbindelser som lett lar seg avlede av alkylsubstituerte salicyl- og -naften-syrer eller blandinger av begge eller med alkylsubstituerte fenoler. Basiske for svovlede salicylater samt fremgangsmåte for deres fremstilling er vist i U.S. patent 3.595.791).
For det foreliggende formål vil man bruke salicylat-/naftenat-rusthemmende forbindelser som er alka-li jordmetall-( spesielt magnesium, kalsium, strontium og barium) salter av aromatiske syrer med folgende generelle formel:
hvor Ar er et arylradikal med fra 1-6 ringer, R-^ er en alkylgruppe med fra 8-50 karbonatomer, fortrinnsvis 12 - 30 karbonatomer (optimalt ca. 12), X er en svovel- (-S-) eller metylen- (-CH2-) binding, og y er et tall fra - 4 og n er et tall fra 0-4.
Fremstilling av de overbasete metylenbindings-holdige salicylatfenatsaltene kan lett utfores ved vanlig kjent teknikk såsom ved en alkylering av en fenol fulgt av en fenering, karboksylering, hydrolyse, metylenbind-ingsdannelse ved hjelp av et koblingsmiddel såsom et alkyl endihalo geni d fulgt av en saltdannelse samtidig med kar-boneringen. Et overbaset kalsiumsalt av en metylenbindings-fenol-salicylsyre kan ha folgende generelle formel:
med en TBN-verdi på fra 60 - 150, og en slik forbindelse kan være representativ for en rusthemmende forbindelse som kan brukes i foreliggende oppfinnelse.
De forsvovlede metallfenatene kan anses å være "metallsaltet av et fenolsulfid", som således refer-erer seg til et metallsalt, enten dette er noytralt eller basisk, av en forbindelse med folgende generelle formel:
hvor x = 1 eller 2, n = 0, 1 eller 2
eller en polymerisk form av en slik forbindelse, hvor R
er et alkylradikal, n og x er hver tall fra 1 - 4, og det midlere tall på karbonatomene i alle R-gruppene er minst 9 for å sikre tilfredsstillende opploselighet i oljen. De individuelle R-gruppene kan inneholde fra 5 -.40, fortrinnsvis 8-20 karbonatomer. Metallsaltet ble fremstilt ved å reagere et alkylfenolsulfid med en tilstrekkelig mengde av en metallholdig forbindelse slik at man får den for-ønskede alkalitet på det forsvovlede metallfenatet.
Uansett hvilke fremgangsmåter man bruker
for deres fremstilling, så bor de forsvovlede alkylfenol-ene inneholde fra ca. 2 - ca. 14 vekt-%, fortrinnsvis fra
ca. 4 - ca. 12 vekt-% svovel basert på vekten av den forsvovlede alkylfenolen.
Den forsvovlede alkylfenolen blir så omdan-net ved en reaksjon med en metallholdig forbindelse såsom oksyder, hydroksyder og komplekser, i en tilstrekkelig mengde til å nøytralisere nevnte fenol, og hvis det er bnskelig, for å overbase produktet til en forShsket alka-linitet, noe som kan utfores ved velkjent teknikk. Foretrukket er en fremgangsmåte for nøytralisering hvor man bruker en oppløsning av et metall i en glykoleter.
De nøytrale eller normale forsvovlede metallfenater er de hvor forholdet mellom metall til fenolkjer-ner er ca. 1:2. De "overbasete" eller "basiske" forsvovlede metallfenatene er forsvovlede metallfenater hvor forholdet metall til fenol er stbrre enn det som fremgår av det stokiometriske forhold, f.eks. basisk forsvovlet metall-dodecylfenat har et metallinnhold opptil eller stbrre enn 100% i overskudd av det metall som er tilstede i de tilsvarende normale forsvovlede metallfenatene hvor metall-overskuddet er fremstilt i en oljeoppløselig eller disper-gerbar form (f.eks. ved reaksjon med COg).
Magnesium- og kalsiumholdige additiver, skjbnt de ofte er fordelaktige for flere formål, kan oke tenden-sen for en oksydasjon av smbreoljen. Dette er spesielt et problem med sterkt basiske sulfonater.
Smøremidlet ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse kan også inneholde andre additiver av den type som er beskrevet tidligere, foruten andre metallholdige additiver, f.eks. de som inneholder barium og natrium.
Magnesium og/eller kalsium er generelt tilstede som basiske eller nøytrale rensemidler, såsom sulfonatene og fenatene, og der foretrukne additiver er nøytrale eller basiske magnesium- eller kalsiumsulfonater. Fortrinnsvis bør oljene inneholde 500 - 5000 ppm kalsium eller magnesium. Det er foretrukket å bruke basiske magnesium-
og kalsiumsulfonater.
Smøremidler ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse kan også innbefatte kobberholdige korrosjonehemmende forbindelser. Typiske forbindelser i så henseende er tiadiazol-polysulfider med 5-50 karbonatomer, deres derivater, samt polymerer av slike forbindelser. Foretrukne forbindelser i så henseende er derivatene av 1,3,4-tiadiazoler av den type som er beskrevet i U.S. patentene 2.719.125, 2.719.126 og 3.087.932, spesielt foretrukket er forbindelsen 2,5-bis-(t-oktaditio)-1,3,4-tiadiazol som er kommersielt tilgjenge-lig som "Amoco 150". Andre lignende forbindelser som også
er egnet er beskrevet i U.S. patentene 3.821.236, 3.904.537, 4.097.387, 4.107.059, 4.136.043, 4.188.299 og 4.193.882.
Andre egnede additiver er tio- og polytiosul-fenamidene av tiadiazoler av den type som er beskrevet i britisk patent nr. 1.560.830. Når disse forbindelser tilsettes til smøremidlene, er det foretrukket at de er tilstede i mengder fra 0,01 - 10, fortrinnsvis 0,1 - 5,0 vekt-% basert på midlets vekt. Overraskende nok har man funnet at et nærvær av slike kobberblyholdige korrosjonshemmende forbindelser generelt.hemmer den antioksyderende effekten av kobberet.
Følgende eksempler illustrerer oppfinnelsen.
Eksempel 1
En 10W/30 smøreolje inneholdende en større mengde av en mineralsk smøreoljeblanding og 4,8 vekt-%
av et konsentrat inneholdende ca. 50 vekt-% aktive ingredi-enser og bestående av en dispergerende blanding av et polyisobutenyl-ravsyreanhydrid omsatt med polyetylenamin og deretter borert, sammen med et polyisobutenyl-ravsyreanhydrid reagert med trishydroksymetylaminometan som beskrevet i U.S. patent 4.113.639, 1,0 vekt-% 400 TBN (totalt basetall) magnesiumsulfonat inneholdende 9,2 vekt-% magnesium, 0,3 vekt-% av et 250 TBN kalsiumfenat inneholdende 9,3 vekt-% kalsium og 7,9 vekt-% av et konsentrat for å bedre viskositetsindeksen og inneholdende 10 vekt-% av en etylen/propylen-kopolymer og 4 vekt-% av en vinylacetat/fumarat-kopolymer som et middel for å nedsette hellepunktet. Videre ble det tilsatt et sinkdialkylditiofosfatkonsentrat (75 vekt-% aktiv ingre-diens i en fortynnende mineralsk olje) og hvor alkylgruppene var en blanding av grupper med 4-5 karbonatomer og fremstilt ved å omsette P2S5 med en blanding av ca. 65% isobutylalkohol og
35% amylalkohol, hvorved man fikk et fosforinnhold på 0,1 vekt-% i smøreoljeblandingen. Oksydasjonsstabiliteten på denne oljeblandingen ble prøvet ved å oksydere en 300 g prøve av oljeblanding inneholdende 40 deler pr. million av jern som treverdig jernacetylacetonat og ved å føre 1,7 liter luft pr. minutt gjennom prøven ved 165°C og deretter be-stemme viskositeten ved visse intervaller opp til 64 timer ved hjelp av et Ferranti-Shirley kont plateviskometer. I denne prøven viste det seg at oljeblandingen nesten var fast når man nådde en viskositet på 5 poise.
Oksydasjonsstabiliteten til oljeblandingen
ble sammenlignet med oljeblandingen inneholdende additiv-forbindelser som er velkjente supplerende antioksydasjonsmidler og med oljeblandinger inneholdende visse kobberadditiver i tillegg til nevnte sinkdialkylditiofosfat, og resultatene er vist i tabell 1.
Eksempel 2
Forskjellige mineralske smøreblandinger ble fremstilt og inneholdende en større mengde av en mineralsk smøreolje av midlere kvalitet, 5,4 vekt-% av konsentratet med dispergeringsmidlet som beskrevet i eksempel 1, de andre additivene fra eksempel 1 og de følgende mengder av sinkforbindelsen fra eksempel 1, sammen med forskjellige tilsatte kobberforbindelser.
Disse smøreoljeblandingene ble prøvet ved en sekvens 3D-prøve som er beskrevet i ASTM-publikasjon STP 315G.
Viskositetsøkningen på oljeblandingen og slitasjen på kamakselen og ventilløfterne i motoren i forhold til antall ppm kobber i oljeblandingen er vist på den vedlagte fig. 1.
Smøreoljeblandingen inneholdende 1,80 Vekt-%
av den ovennevnte sinkforbindelsen og uten kobberadditiv, var for viskøs til at den kunne måles etter 48 timer.
Eksempel 3
Effekten av forskjellige additiver på oksydasjonsstabiliteten på en 10W/30 mineralsk smøreoljeblanding for veivkasser ble målt ved hjelp av den oksydasjonsprøve som er beskrevet i eksempel 1. Resultatene er vist i tabell 2, og et diagram hvor oljeviskositeten i forhold til tiden for oljene 1 - 6 er vist på fig. 2, og hvor tallet på kurvene tilsvarer tallene i tabell 2.
De brukte additivene var følgende:
(A) et konsentrat for å forbedre viskositetsindeksen og inneholdende 10 vekt-% av en etylen/propylen-kopolymer og
4% av en vinylacetat/fumarat-kopolymer,
(B) et dispergeringsmiddelkonsentrat inneholdende ca. 50 vekt-% av en mineralolje og ca. 50 vekt-% av et polyisobutenyl-ravsyreanhydridpolyaminkondensasjonspro-
dukt som var behandlet med en borforbindelse slik at
konsentratet inneholdt 1,58 vekt-% N og 0,35 vekt-% B,
(C) er sinkdialkylditiofosfatkonsentratet som ble brukt i eksempel 1, (D) er et 400 TBN magnesiumsulfonat inneholdende 9, 2 vekt-% magnesium, (E) er et 400 TBN kalsiumsulfonat inneholdende 15,3 vekt-% kalsium,
(F) er kuprioleat,
(G) 2,5-bis-(T-oktaditio)-l,3,4-tiadiazol.
Eksempel 4
Ved å bruke additivene fra eksempel 2 målte
man effekten av forskjellige kobberkonsentrasjoner på oksy-das jonsstabiliteten idet man brukte den oksydasjonsprove som er beskrevet i eksempel 1. Resultatene er vist i tabell 3, og på fig. 3 er det vist en figur som viser forholdet mellom oljeviskositeten og brukstiden for oljene 1, 4,
11 og 12 fra tabell 3.

Claims (5)

1. Smøremiddel'inneholdende en smøreolje, samt
(1) et dispergeringsmiddel valgt fra gruppen bestående av: (a) 1-10 vekt-% av askeløse dispergerende forbindelser, (b) 0,3-10% av et viskositetsindeks-forbedrende dispergeringsmiddel;
(2) 0,01-0,5 vekt-% fosfor;
(3) - 0,01-0,5 vekt-% sink;
(4) eventuelt 2-8000 ppm kalsium eller magnesium; karakterisert ved at det i tillegg inneholder
(5) 5-500 ppm, beregnet på vekt, av tilsatt kobber i form av en oljeoppløselig kobberforbindelse.
2. Smøremiddel ifølge krav 1, karakterisert ved at det inneholder 60-200 ppm kobber.
3. Smøremiddel ifølge krav 1 eller 2, karakterisert ved at det inneholder 80-180 ppm kobber.
4. Smøremiddel ifølge krav 1, karakterisert ved at det inneholder 90-120 ppm kobber.
5. Konsentrat omfattende en oljeoppløsning inneholdende : (1) et dispergeringsmiddel valgt fra gruppen bestående av: (a) 0-60, f.eks. 10-60 vekt-% av en askeløs dispergerende forbindelse; (b) 0-40, f.eks. 3-40% av et polymert viskositetsindeks-forbedrende dispergeringsmiddel; (2) 0,1-10 vekt-% fosfor; (3) 0,1-10 vekt-% sink; -3 4 (4) eventuelt fra 8x10 til 8x10 ppm kalsium eller magnesium; karakterisert ved at det i tillegg inneholder (5) 0,005-2 vekt-% kobber i form av en oljeoppløselig kobberforbindelse .
NO802409A 1979-08-13 1980-08-12 Smoeremiddel og konsentrat NO149665C (no)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB7928146A GB2056482A (en) 1979-08-13 1979-08-13 Lubricating oil compositions

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
NO802409L NO802409L (no) 1981-02-16
NO149665B true NO149665B (no) 1984-02-20
NO149665C NO149665C (no) 1984-05-30

Family

ID=10507162

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
NO802409A NO149665C (no) 1979-08-13 1980-08-12 Smoeremiddel og konsentrat

Country Status (18)

Country Link
US (1) US4867890A (no)
EP (1) EP0024146B1 (no)
JP (3) JPS5653189A (no)
AR (1) AR241924A1 (no)
AU (1) AU537461B2 (no)
BR (1) BR8005107A (no)
CA (1) CA1170247A (no)
DE (1) DE3071168D1 (no)
DK (1) DK152809C (no)
DZ (1) DZ249A1 (no)
GB (1) GB2056482A (no)
GE (1) GEP19960322B (no)
MX (1) MX155685A (no)
NO (1) NO149665C (no)
PL (2) PL127691B1 (no)
RO (1) RO81105B (no)
SU (1) SU1630615A3 (no)
ZA (1) ZA804853B (no)

Families Citing this family (228)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2056482A (en) * 1979-08-13 1981-03-18 Exxon Research Engineering Co Lubricating oil compositions
DE3376016D1 (en) * 1982-04-22 1988-04-21 Exxon Research Engineering Co Glycerol esters with oil-soluble copper compounds as fuel economy additives
JPS61501925A (ja) * 1984-04-16 1986-09-04 ザ ル−ブリゾル コ−ポレイシヨン 改良された性能を示す潤滑油および機能液用添加剤およびその製造方法
US5178782A (en) * 1985-03-12 1993-01-12 The Lubrizol Corporation Metal salts of mixed aromatic/aliphatic phosphorodithioic acids
DE3676384D1 (de) * 1985-08-13 1991-02-07 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc Ueberbasische zusaetze.
EP0211689B1 (en) * 1985-08-21 1990-06-27 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Determination of metal source in used oil
US4683070A (en) * 1985-08-21 1987-07-28 Munsell Monroe W Determination of metal source in used oil
WO1988005811A1 (en) * 1987-01-30 1988-08-11 Exxon Chemical Patents, Inc. Determination of metal source in used oil
US4767551A (en) * 1985-12-02 1988-08-30 Amoco Corporation Metal-containing lubricant compositions
US4664822A (en) * 1985-12-02 1987-05-12 Amoco Corporation Metal-containing lubricant compositions
CA1290314C (en) * 1986-01-21 1991-10-08 David E. Ripple Lubricant composition containing transition metals for viscosity control
GB8601990D0 (en) * 1986-01-28 1986-03-05 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc Overbased additives
CA1284489C (en) * 1986-02-24 1991-05-28 Jacob Joseph Habeeb Lubricating oil
US4849123A (en) * 1986-05-29 1989-07-18 The Lubrizol Corporation Drive train fluids comprising oil-soluble transition metal compounds
GB8621343D0 (en) * 1986-09-04 1986-10-15 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc Overbased alkali metal additives
US4705641A (en) * 1986-09-15 1987-11-10 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Copper molybdenum salts as antioxidants
US5015402A (en) * 1986-11-07 1991-05-14 The Lubrizol Corporation Basic metal dihydrocarbylphosphorodithioates
CA1295988C (en) * 1986-12-12 1992-02-18 Alan Alvin Schetelich Lubricating compositions containing oil soluble metal salts of polyolefinic dicarboxylic acids
CA1327088C (en) * 1986-12-12 1994-02-15 Malcolm Waddoups Oil soluble additives useful in oleaginous compositions
US4751011A (en) * 1986-12-12 1988-06-14 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Hydrocarbon soluble complexes based on metal salts of polyolefinic dicarboxylic acids
GB8704683D0 (en) * 1987-02-27 1987-04-01 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc Low phosphorus/zinc lubricants
GB8704682D0 (en) * 1987-02-27 1987-04-01 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc Low phosphorus lubricants
GB8707833D0 (en) * 1987-04-02 1987-05-07 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc Sulphur-containing borate esters
US5171461A (en) * 1987-04-13 1992-12-15 The Lubrizol Corporation Sulfur and copper-containing lubricant compositions
US4915857A (en) * 1987-05-11 1990-04-10 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Amine compatibility aids in lubricating oil compositions
US5049290A (en) * 1987-05-11 1991-09-17 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Amine compatibility aids in lubricating oil compositions
US4938880A (en) * 1987-05-26 1990-07-03 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Process for preparing stable oleaginous compositions
US4956108A (en) * 1987-07-29 1990-09-11 Mobil Oil Corporation Copper salts of thiodipropionic acid derivatives as antioxidant additives process of making the same and fuel composition thereof
US5013467A (en) * 1987-09-16 1991-05-07 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Novel oleaginous composition additives for improved rust inhibition
US4908145A (en) * 1987-09-30 1990-03-13 Amoco Corporation Engine seal compatible dispersants for lubricating oils
US4948523A (en) * 1987-09-30 1990-08-14 Amoco Corporation Chlorine-free silver protective lubricant composition (I)
US5320765A (en) * 1987-10-02 1994-06-14 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Low ash lubricant compositions for internal combustion engines
CA1327350C (en) * 1987-10-02 1994-03-01 Glen Paul Fetterman, Jr. Ashless lubricant compositions for internal combustion engines
CA1334667C (en) * 1987-10-02 1995-03-07 Glen Paul Fetterman Jr. Lubricant compositions for internal combustion engines
US5102566A (en) * 1987-10-02 1992-04-07 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Low ash lubricant compositions for internal combustion engines (pt-727)
US5141657A (en) * 1987-10-02 1992-08-25 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Lubricant compositions for internal combustion engines
CA1337294C (en) * 1987-11-20 1995-10-10 Dale Robert Carroll Lubricant compositions for enhanced fuel economy
CA1337293C (en) * 1987-11-20 1995-10-10 Emil Joseph Meny Lubricant compositions for low-temperature internal combustion engines
EP0318218B1 (en) * 1987-11-24 1996-07-17 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphates
GB8729963D0 (en) * 1987-12-23 1988-02-03 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc Dithiophosphates
US5021173A (en) * 1988-02-26 1991-06-04 Exxon Chemical Patents, Inc. Friction modified oleaginous concentrates of improved stability
CA1336902C (en) * 1988-02-26 1995-09-05 Jacob Emert Friction modified oleaginous concentrates of improved stability
IT1215961B (it) * 1988-03-02 1990-02-22 Euron Spa Composizione lubrificanti contenenti complessi con attivita'antiossidante.
CA2013545C (en) * 1989-04-03 1999-01-26 Glen Paul Fetterman Jr. Improved ashless lubricant compositions for internal combustion engines
US5198129A (en) * 1989-07-13 1993-03-30 Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. Lubricating oil composition containing zinc dithiophosphate
FR2651000B1 (fr) * 1989-08-21 1991-10-31 Inst Francais Du Petrole Dihydrocarbyldithiophosphyldithiophosphates de cuivre, leur preparation et leur utilisation comme additifs pour lubrifiants
EP0444830A1 (en) * 1990-02-26 1991-09-04 Ethyl Petroleum Additives Limited Succinimide composition
CA2030481C (en) * 1990-06-20 1998-08-11 William B. Chamberlin, Iii Lubricating oil compositions for meoh-fueled diesel engines
DE59102477D1 (de) * 1990-06-28 1994-09-15 Ciba Geigy Ag Schmierstoffzusammensetzung.
US5449470A (en) * 1991-04-19 1995-09-12 The Lubrizol Corporation Overbased alkali salts and methods for making same
US5614480A (en) * 1991-04-19 1997-03-25 The Lubrizol Corporation Lubricating compositions and concentrates
CA2085614A1 (en) * 1991-04-19 1992-10-20 Mary F. Salomon Lubricating compositions
US5490945A (en) * 1991-04-19 1996-02-13 The Lubrizol Corporation Lubricating compositions and concentrates
US5562864A (en) * 1991-04-19 1996-10-08 The Lubrizol Corporation Lubricating compositions and concentrates
US5376154A (en) 1991-05-13 1994-12-27 The Lubrizol Corporation Low-sulfur diesel fuels containing organometallic complexes
US5344467A (en) 1991-05-13 1994-09-06 The Lubrizol Corporation Organometallic complex-antioxidant combinations, and concentrates and diesel fuels containing same
TW230781B (no) 1991-05-13 1994-09-21 Lubysu Co
IL100669A0 (en) 1991-05-13 1992-09-06 Lubrizol Corp Low-sulfur diesel fuel containing organometallic complexes
US5360459A (en) 1991-05-13 1994-11-01 The Lubrizol Corporation Copper-containing organometallic complexes and concentrates and diesel fuels containing same
JP3086727B2 (ja) 1991-08-09 2000-09-11 オロナイトジャパン株式会社 低リンエンジン油製造用の添加剤組成物
US5629272A (en) * 1991-08-09 1997-05-13 Oronite Japan Limited Low phosphorous engine oil compositions and additive compositions
US5520830A (en) * 1991-10-11 1996-05-28 Akzo Nobel N.V. Composition and process for retarding lubricant oxidation using copper additive
JPH05331481A (ja) * 1992-05-29 1993-12-14 Tonen Corp 2サイクルエンジン用潤滑油組成物
US5279627A (en) * 1992-11-06 1994-01-18 The Lubrizol Corporation Copper-containing aromatic mannich complexes and concentrates and diesel fuels containing same
US5328620A (en) * 1992-12-21 1994-07-12 The Lubrizol Corporation Oil additive package useful in diesel engine and transmission lubricants
EP0814148B1 (en) * 1992-12-21 2002-10-02 Oronite Japan Limited Low phosphorous engine oil compositions and additive compositions
JP2859077B2 (ja) * 1993-04-09 1999-02-17 出光興産株式会社 潤滑油組成物
EP0719312B1 (en) * 1993-09-13 1999-12-15 Infineum USA L.P. Lubricating compositions with improved antioxidancy
JPH07216378A (ja) * 1994-01-31 1995-08-15 Tonen Corp 潤滑油組成物
GB9405903D0 (en) * 1994-03-24 1994-05-11 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc Lubricating compositions
GB2288815A (en) * 1994-04-08 1995-11-01 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc Lubricating oil anti-wear additives
GB9409756D0 (en) * 1994-05-16 1994-07-06 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc Lubricating compositions
US5639716A (en) * 1994-06-09 1997-06-17 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Oil soluble dispersant additives based on 1-butene-α olefin copolymers
US6306802B1 (en) 1994-09-30 2001-10-23 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Mixed antioxidant composition
EP0725129B1 (en) 1995-02-01 2001-12-12 The Lubrizol Corporation Low ash lubricant compositions
US5652202A (en) * 1995-08-15 1997-07-29 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Lubricating oil compositions
JPH09125081A (ja) * 1995-10-27 1997-05-13 Nippon Oil Co Ltd 内燃機関用潤滑油組成物
JP2000503041A (ja) * 1995-11-22 2000-03-14 エクソン ケミカル パテンツ インコーポレイテッド 2サイクル合成潤滑油
US5736493A (en) * 1996-05-15 1998-04-07 Renewable Lubricants, Inc. Biodegradable lubricant composition from triglycerides and oil soluble copper
US5990055A (en) * 1996-05-15 1999-11-23 Renewable Lubricants, Inc. Biodegradable lubricant composition from triglycerides and oil soluble antimony
US5888945A (en) * 1996-12-13 1999-03-30 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Method for enhancing and restoring reduction friction effectiveness
JP4028614B2 (ja) * 1997-02-03 2007-12-26 東燃ゼネラル石油株式会社 潤滑油組成物
TR200002468T2 (tr) * 1998-02-27 2002-07-22 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Yağlama bileşimi.
GB9810581D0 (en) * 1998-05-15 1998-07-15 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc Lubricant compositions
US6140279A (en) * 1999-04-09 2000-10-31 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc Concentrates with high molecular weight dispersants and their preparation
US6855674B2 (en) * 2000-12-22 2005-02-15 Infineum International Ltd. Hydroxy aromatic Mannich base condensation products and the use thereof as soot dispersants in lubricating oil compositions
US6852679B2 (en) * 2002-02-20 2005-02-08 Infineum International Ltd. Lubricating oil composition
RU2223302C1 (ru) * 2002-07-26 2004-02-10 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Лаборатория Триботехнологии" Антифрикционная, противоизносная присадка к смазочным материалам
US20040087452A1 (en) * 2002-10-31 2004-05-06 Noles Joe R. Lubricating oil composition
US20040241309A1 (en) * 2003-05-30 2004-12-02 Renewable Lubricants. Food-grade-lubricant
NZ545920A (en) * 2003-09-12 2009-10-30 Renewable Lubricants Inc Vegetable oil lubricant comprising all-hydroprocessed synthetic oils
US20060211585A1 (en) * 2003-09-12 2006-09-21 Renewable Lubricants, Inc. Vegetable oil lubricant comprising Fischer Tropsch synthetic oils
US7579192B2 (en) * 2003-10-31 2009-08-25 Chevron Oronite Company Llc High throughput screening methods for lubricating oil compositions
US7879774B2 (en) * 2004-07-19 2011-02-01 Afton Chemical Corporation Titanium-containing lubricating oil composition
US7615520B2 (en) 2005-03-14 2009-11-10 Afton Chemical Corporation Additives and lubricant formulations for improved antioxidant properties
US7615519B2 (en) * 2004-07-19 2009-11-10 Afton Chemical Corporation Additives and lubricant formulations for improved antiwear properties
EP1632553B1 (en) 2004-09-06 2013-05-08 Infineum International Limited Lubricating Oil Composition
US20070191242A1 (en) * 2004-09-17 2007-08-16 Sanjay Srinivasan Viscosity modifiers for lubricant compositions
US7485603B2 (en) 2005-02-18 2009-02-03 Infineum International Limited Soot dispersants and lubricating oil compositions containing same
US7745381B2 (en) 2005-03-15 2010-06-29 Ecolab Inc. Lubricant for conveying containers
US7741257B2 (en) * 2005-03-15 2010-06-22 Ecolab Inc. Dry lubricant for conveying containers
EP1710294B1 (en) 2005-04-06 2013-03-06 Infineum International Limited A method of improving the stability or compatibility of a detergent
US20100105583A1 (en) * 2005-04-26 2010-04-29 Renewable Lubricants, Inc. High temperature biobased lubricant compositions from boron nitride
US8030257B2 (en) * 2005-05-13 2011-10-04 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Catalytic antioxidants
EP1724329B1 (en) 2005-05-20 2012-10-10 Infineum International Limited Metal detergent combination in lubricating oil compositions
EP1728848B1 (en) 2005-06-01 2013-08-07 Infineum International Limited Use of unsaturated olefin polymers to improve the compatibility between nitrile rubber seals and lubricating oil compositions
CA2614504A1 (en) 2005-07-12 2007-01-18 King Industries, Inc. Amine tungstates and lubricant compositions
EP1743933B1 (en) 2005-07-14 2019-10-09 Infineum International Limited A use to improve the compatibility of an overbased detergent with friction modifiers in a lubricating oil composition
US7915206B2 (en) * 2005-09-22 2011-03-29 Ecolab Silicone lubricant with good wetting on PET surfaces
US7727941B2 (en) * 2005-09-22 2010-06-01 Ecolab Inc. Silicone conveyor lubricant with stoichiometric amount of an acid
JP2007126542A (ja) * 2005-11-02 2007-05-24 Nippon Oil Corp 潤滑油組成物
US7709423B2 (en) * 2005-11-16 2010-05-04 Afton Chemical Corporation Additives and lubricant formulations for providing friction modification
US7772167B2 (en) * 2006-12-06 2010-08-10 Afton Chemical Corporation Titanium-containing lubricating oil composition
US7776800B2 (en) 2005-12-09 2010-08-17 Afton Chemical Corporation Titanium-containing lubricating oil composition
US7632788B2 (en) * 2005-12-12 2009-12-15 Afton Chemical Corporation Nanosphere additives and lubricant formulations containing the nanosphere additives
EP1798278B1 (en) 2005-12-15 2015-07-29 Infineum International Limited Use of a rust inhibitor in a lubricating oil composition
US7767632B2 (en) * 2005-12-22 2010-08-03 Afton Chemical Corporation Additives and lubricant formulations having improved antiwear properties
US7682526B2 (en) 2005-12-22 2010-03-23 Afton Chemical Corporation Stable imidazoline solutions
WO2007116479A1 (ja) * 2006-03-31 2007-10-18 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha ガス絶縁電力機器
US7867958B2 (en) * 2006-04-28 2011-01-11 Afton Chemical Corporation Diblock monopolymers as lubricant additives and lubricant formulations containing same
WO2007131891A1 (en) * 2006-05-15 2007-11-22 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Lubricating oil composition
US7741255B2 (en) 2006-06-23 2010-06-22 Ecolab Inc. Aqueous compositions useful in filling and conveying of beverage bottles wherein the compositions comprise hardness ions and have improved compatibility with pet
US8513169B2 (en) 2006-07-18 2013-08-20 Infineum International Limited Lubricating oil compositions
US8080699B2 (en) 2009-08-28 2011-12-20 Chemtura Corporation Two-stage process and system for forming high viscosity polyalphaolefins
US8163680B2 (en) * 2006-09-28 2012-04-24 Chevron Oronite Company Llc Method of demulsing a natural gas dehydrator
US20080132432A1 (en) * 2006-12-01 2008-06-05 Mathur Naresh C Additives and lubricant formulations for providing friction modification
US20080139430A1 (en) 2006-12-08 2008-06-12 Lam William Y Additives and lubricant formulations for improved antiwear properties
US20080146473A1 (en) 2006-12-19 2008-06-19 Chevron Oronite Company Llc Lubricating oil with enhanced piston cleanliness control
US8747650B2 (en) 2006-12-21 2014-06-10 Chevron Oronite Technology B.V. Engine lubricant with enhanced thermal stability
US8741821B2 (en) 2007-01-03 2014-06-03 Afton Chemical Corporation Nanoparticle additives and lubricant formulations containing the nanoparticle additives
US20080182768A1 (en) 2007-01-31 2008-07-31 Devlin Cathy C Lubricant composition for bio-diesel fuel engine applications
US7786057B2 (en) 2007-02-08 2010-08-31 Infineum International Limited Soot dispersants and lubricating oil compositions containing same
US7897548B2 (en) 2007-03-15 2011-03-01 Afton Chemical Corporation Additives and lubricant formulations for improved antiwear properties
US20080236538A1 (en) * 2007-03-26 2008-10-02 Lam William Y Lubricating oil composition for improved oxidation, viscosity increase, oil consumption, and piston deposit control
US8048834B2 (en) * 2007-05-08 2011-11-01 Afton Chemical Corporation Additives and lubricant formulations for improved catalyst performance
US20080277203A1 (en) 2007-05-08 2008-11-13 Guinther Gregory H Additives and lubricant formulations for improved phosphorus retention properties
EP1992677A1 (en) * 2007-05-10 2008-11-19 Castrol Limited Lubricant composition for combustion engine containing dispersant additive and polymer dispersant viscosity index improver
US20080300154A1 (en) 2007-05-30 2008-12-04 Chevron Oronite Company Llc Lubricating oil with enhanced protection against wear and corrosion
EP2155657B1 (en) 2007-06-08 2017-05-03 Infineum International Limited Additives and lubricating oil compositions containing same
US20090042752A1 (en) * 2007-08-09 2009-02-12 Malcolm Waddoups Lubricant Compositions with Reduced Phosphorous Content for Engines having Catalytic Converters
US8703681B2 (en) 2007-08-24 2014-04-22 E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company Lubrication oil compositions
KR20100059898A (ko) * 2007-08-24 2010-06-04 이 아이 듀폰 디 네모아 앤드 캄파니 윤활유 조성물
AU2008293746A1 (en) * 2007-08-24 2009-03-05 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Lubrication oil compositions
US20090054284A1 (en) * 2007-08-24 2009-02-26 E. I. Dupont De Nemours And Company Lubrication oil compositions
US8278254B2 (en) * 2007-09-10 2012-10-02 Afton Chemical Corporation Additives and lubricant formulations having improved antiwear properties
ES2627698T3 (es) 2007-10-04 2017-07-31 Infineum International Limited Una composición de aceite lubricante
EP2045314B1 (en) 2007-10-04 2017-11-08 Infineum International Limited An overbased metal sulphonate detergent
EP2048218A1 (en) 2007-10-09 2009-04-15 Infineum International Limited A lubricating oil composition
US7737094B2 (en) 2007-10-25 2010-06-15 Afton Chemical Corporation Engine wear protection in engines operated using ethanol-based fuel
US8530397B2 (en) 2007-12-12 2013-09-10 Infineum International Limited Additive compositions
US20090156441A1 (en) * 2007-12-12 2009-06-18 Rowland Robert G Cycloalkyl phenylenediamines as deposit control agents for lubricants
US8563489B2 (en) * 2007-12-12 2013-10-22 Chemtura Corporation Alkylated 1,3-benzenediamine compounds and methods for producing same
US20090156442A1 (en) 2007-12-17 2009-06-18 Laurent Chambard Lubricant Compositions With Low HTHS for a Given SAE Viscosity Grade
US20090186784A1 (en) 2008-01-22 2009-07-23 Diggs Nancy Z Lubricating Oil Composition
US8420583B2 (en) 2008-01-24 2013-04-16 Afton Chemical Corporation Olefin copolymer dispersant VI improver and lubricant compositions and uses thereof
EP2128232A1 (en) 2008-05-20 2009-12-02 Castrol Limited Lubricating composition for ethanol fueled engines
US8008237B2 (en) * 2008-06-18 2011-08-30 Afton Chemical Corporation Method for making a titanium-containing lubricant additive
EP2154230A1 (en) * 2008-08-08 2010-02-17 Afton Chemical Corporation Lubricant additive compositions having improved viscosity index increasing properties
US8247358B2 (en) 2008-10-03 2012-08-21 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company HVI-PAO bi-modal lubricant compositions
US8211840B2 (en) 2008-12-09 2012-07-03 Afton Chemical Corporation Additives and lubricant formulations for improved antiwear properties
US8242066B2 (en) 2008-12-23 2012-08-14 Infineum International Limited Aniline compounds as ashless TBN sources and lubricating oil compositions containing same
US9181511B2 (en) 2009-04-01 2015-11-10 Infineum International Limited Lubricating oil composition
US20100256030A1 (en) 2009-04-06 2010-10-07 Hartley Rolfe J Lubricating Oil Composition
US20100292113A1 (en) 2009-05-15 2010-11-18 Afton Chemical Corporation Lubricant formulations and methods
US9663743B2 (en) 2009-06-10 2017-05-30 Afton Chemical Corporation Lubricating method and composition for reducing engine deposits
DE102009031342A1 (de) 2009-07-01 2011-01-05 Daimler Ag Verwendung von Schmierölen mit mikrogekapselten Schmierstoffadditiven, Verwendung derselben in Schmierölen für Kraftfahrzeuge mit Verbrennungsmotor und Verbrennungsmotor mit mikrogekapselte Schmierstoffadditive enthaltenden Schmieröl
EP2298855A1 (en) 2009-08-27 2011-03-23 Castrol Limited Method for lubricating a compression engine with a lubricant oil comprising polyisobutylene
US8207099B2 (en) * 2009-09-22 2012-06-26 Afton Chemical Corporation Lubricating oil composition for crankcase applications
US8703682B2 (en) 2009-10-29 2014-04-22 Infineum International Limited Lubrication and lubricating oil compositions
US20110105374A1 (en) 2009-10-29 2011-05-05 Jie Cheng Lubrication and lubricating oil compositions
US8415284B2 (en) 2009-11-05 2013-04-09 Afton Chemical Corporation Olefin copolymer VI improvers and lubricant compositions and uses thereof
JP5537179B2 (ja) * 2010-02-12 2014-07-02 Jx日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 潤滑油用添加剤組成物
US8143201B2 (en) 2010-03-09 2012-03-27 Infineum International Limited Morpholine derivatives as ashless TBN sources and lubricating oil compositions containing same
US9725673B2 (en) * 2010-03-25 2017-08-08 Afton Chemical Corporation Lubricant compositions for improved engine performance
EP2371934B1 (en) 2010-03-31 2017-03-15 Infineum International Limited Lubricating oil composition
DE102010028168A1 (de) * 2010-04-23 2011-10-27 Volkswagen Ag Synthetische Schmierstoffzusammensetzung und deren Verwendung in aktiven Differentialen
EP2420552B1 (en) 2010-08-19 2017-12-20 Infineum International Limited Use of phenothiazine derivatives in lubricating oil compositions in EGR equipped diesel engines
MX360111B (es) 2010-09-24 2018-10-23 Ecolab Usa Inc Lubricantes de transportador que incluyen emulsiones y metodos para emplear los mismos.
RU2631501C2 (ru) * 2011-01-10 2017-09-25 ЭсАй ГРУП, ИНК. Минеральные масла, содержащие фенольные антиоксиданты с улучшенной стабильностью к изменению окраски
US8333945B2 (en) 2011-02-17 2012-12-18 Afton Chemical Corporation Nanoparticle additives and lubricant formulations containing the nanoparticle additives
US8334243B2 (en) 2011-03-16 2012-12-18 Afton Chemical Corporation Lubricant compositions containing a functionalized dispersant for improved soot or sludge handling capabilities
US9090847B2 (en) 2011-05-20 2015-07-28 Afton Chemical Corporation Lubricant compositions containing a heteroaromatic compound
US8927469B2 (en) 2011-08-11 2015-01-06 Afton Chemical Corporation Lubricant compositions containing a functionalized dispersant
EP2574656B1 (en) 2011-09-28 2014-04-02 Infineum International Limited Lubricating oil compositions comprising p-alkoxy-N,N-dialkyl-aniline
WO2013090051A1 (en) 2011-12-13 2013-06-20 Chemtura Corporation Cross products and co-oligomers of phenylenediamines and aromatic amines as antioxidants for lubricants
US9133413B2 (en) 2011-12-21 2015-09-15 Infineum International Limited Viscosity index improvers for lubricating oil compositions
GB2498635A (en) 2011-12-21 2013-07-24 Infineum Int Ltd A method of reducing the rate of depletion of basicity of a lubricating oil composition for use in an engine
US9969950B2 (en) 2012-07-17 2018-05-15 Infineum International Limited Lubricating oil compositions containing sterically hindered amines as ashless TBN sourcces
US20140020645A1 (en) 2012-07-18 2014-01-23 Afton Chemical Corporation Lubricant compositions for direct injection engines
EP2690165B1 (en) 2012-07-25 2015-07-08 Infineum International Limited Use of a magnesium salicylate detergent in a lubricating oil composition
US9145530B2 (en) 2012-12-10 2015-09-29 Infineum International Limited Lubricating oil compositions containing sterically hindered amines as ashless TBN sources
US9670432B2 (en) 2013-02-24 2017-06-06 Saeed Mir Heidari Biological method for preventing rancidity, spoilage and instability of hydrocarbon and water emulsions and also increase the lubricity of the same
BR112015022512B1 (pt) 2013-03-11 2022-09-13 Ecolab Usa Inc Métodos para lubrificar uma placa de transferência estacionária
US10829709B2 (en) 2014-01-02 2020-11-10 Infineum International Limited Viscosity index improver concentrates for lubricating oil compositions
US9068135B1 (en) 2014-02-26 2015-06-30 Afton Chemical Corporation Lubricating oil composition and additive therefor having improved piston deposit control and emulsion stability
US11034912B2 (en) 2014-04-29 2021-06-15 Infineum International Limited Lubricating oil compositions
WO2015172846A1 (en) * 2014-05-16 2015-11-19 Ab Nanol Technologies Oy Additive composition for lubricants
EP3115443A1 (en) 2015-07-07 2017-01-11 Ab Nanol Technologies Oy Organometallic salt composition, a method for its preparation and a lubricant additive composition
US10472584B2 (en) 2015-07-30 2019-11-12 Infineum International Ltd. Dispersant additives and additive concentrates and lubricating oil compositions containing same
US10487288B2 (en) 2015-09-16 2019-11-26 Infineum International Limited Additive concentrates for the formulation of lubricating oil compositions
US11168280B2 (en) 2015-10-05 2021-11-09 Infineum International Limited Additive concentrates for the formulation of lubricating oil compositions
EP3192858B1 (en) 2016-01-15 2018-08-22 Infineum International Limited Use of lubricating oil composition
EP3257921B1 (en) 2016-06-14 2021-04-28 Infineum International Limited Lubricating oil additives
US20180016515A1 (en) 2016-07-14 2018-01-18 Afton Chemical Corporation Dispersant Viscosity Index Improver-Containing Lubricant Compositions and Methods of Use Thereof
EP3321347B1 (en) 2016-11-14 2018-10-24 Infineum International Limited Lubricating oil additives based on overbased gemini surfactant
CN106675701B (zh) * 2016-12-21 2019-09-20 李旺达 一种抗摩、减磨的生物质机油净化滤芯的化学添加剂及其制备方法
EP3372658B1 (en) 2017-03-07 2019-07-03 Infineum International Limited Method for lubricating surfaces
JP7247171B2 (ja) * 2017-08-29 2023-03-28 ビーエーエスエフ ソシエタス・ヨーロピア 変速機の潤滑剤組成物
EP3461877B1 (en) 2017-09-27 2019-09-11 Infineum International Limited Improvements in and relating to lubricating compositions08877119.1
EP3502217B1 (en) 2017-11-29 2020-05-27 Infineum International Limited Lubricating oil compositions
EP3492566B1 (en) 2017-11-29 2022-01-19 Infineum International Limited Lubricating oil additives
EP3492567B1 (en) 2017-11-29 2022-06-22 Infineum International Limited Lubricating oil additives
US10479953B2 (en) 2018-01-12 2019-11-19 Afton Chemical Corporation Emulsifier for use in lubricating oil
JP2019137829A (ja) * 2018-02-13 2019-08-22 Emgルブリカンツ合同会社 潤滑油組成物
US10822569B2 (en) 2018-02-15 2020-11-03 Afton Chemical Corporation Grafted polymer with soot handling properties
US10851324B2 (en) 2018-02-27 2020-12-01 Afton Chemical Corporation Grafted polymer with soot handling properties
JP7682599B2 (ja) * 2018-05-29 2025-05-26 出光興産株式会社 潤滑油組成物及びその製造方法
EP3770235B1 (en) 2018-09-24 2022-06-29 Infineum International Limited Polymers and lubricating compositions containing polymers
US10899989B2 (en) 2018-10-15 2021-01-26 Afton Chemical Corporation Amino acid grafted polymer with soot handling properties
EP3741832B1 (en) 2019-05-24 2022-06-01 Infineum International Limited Nitrogen-containing lubricating oil additives
US11414618B2 (en) 2019-12-05 2022-08-16 Infineum International Limited Triblock copolymer concentrates for lubricating oil compositions
EP3851507B1 (en) 2020-01-15 2023-01-18 Infineum International Limited Polymers and lubricating compositions containing polymers
EP3926026B1 (en) 2020-06-16 2022-08-24 Infineum International Limited Oil compositions
JP7641869B2 (ja) * 2021-09-27 2025-03-07 Eneos株式会社 潤滑油組成物
EP4159832B1 (en) 2021-10-04 2023-11-22 Infineum International Limited Lubricating oil compositions
CN114874831B (zh) * 2022-05-25 2023-02-03 武汉材料保护研究所有限公司 一种提高润滑油润滑性能的方法
EP4303287A1 (en) 2022-07-06 2024-01-10 Infineum International Limited Lubricating oil compositions
US12480067B2 (en) 2022-10-18 2025-11-25 Infineum International Limited Lubricating oil compositions

Family Cites Families (89)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2813016A (en) * 1957-11-12 Najsos
US2162398A (en) * 1936-08-18 1939-06-13 Archer Daniels Midland Co Lubricant
US2181121A (en) * 1937-12-29 1939-11-28 Du Pont Stabilization of organic substances
US2252087A (en) * 1938-09-20 1941-08-12 Standard Oil Dev Co Lubricant
US2202826A (en) * 1939-01-17 1940-06-04 Gulf Research Development Co Lubricant for internal combustion engines
US2305627A (en) * 1939-05-24 1942-12-22 Lubri Zol Dev Corp Lubricating oil
US2282710A (en) * 1939-06-14 1942-05-12 Du Pont Stabilization of petroleum hydrocarbons
US2255597A (en) * 1939-11-10 1941-09-09 Du Pont Stabilization of organic substances
US2279973A (en) * 1940-05-08 1942-04-14 Du Pont Stabilization of organic substances
NL66835C (no) * 1940-06-08
US2285878A (en) * 1940-06-10 1942-06-09 Shell Dev Composition containing metal deactivators and the method of preparing the same
US2326938A (en) * 1940-07-31 1943-08-17 Socony Vacuum Oil Co Inc Stabilized mineral oil composition
US2394954A (en) * 1940-12-20 1946-02-12 Standard Oil Dev Co Lubricant
US2316082A (en) * 1941-03-24 1943-04-06 Standard Oil Co Lubricant
US2316083A (en) * 1941-03-24 1943-04-06 Standard Oil Co Lubricant
US2316084A (en) * 1941-03-24 1943-04-06 Standard Oil Co Lubricant
US2316079A (en) * 1941-03-24 1943-04-06 Standard Oil Co Lubricant
US2316086A (en) * 1941-03-24 1943-04-06 Standard Oil Co Lubricant
US2364284A (en) * 1941-06-17 1944-12-05 Union Oil Co Modified lubricating oil
US2364283A (en) * 1941-10-21 1944-12-05 Union Oil Co Modified lubricating oil
US2316088A (en) * 1941-11-27 1943-04-06 Standard Oil Co Lubricant
US2356661A (en) * 1942-04-23 1944-08-22 Du Pont Lubricating oil
US2349820A (en) * 1942-04-23 1944-05-30 Du Pont Solution of copper mercaptides from terpenes
US2407265A (en) * 1942-04-23 1946-09-10 Du Pont Copper compounds of mercaptans derived from terpenes and processes of producing them
US2343756A (en) * 1942-04-23 1944-03-07 Du Pont Lubricant
US2352462A (en) * 1942-07-24 1944-06-27 Shell Dev Metal deactivator
US2352164A (en) * 1942-09-07 1944-06-27 Shell Dev Metal deactivator
US2381952A (en) * 1943-01-12 1945-08-14 Du Pont Stabilization of organic substances
US2373021A (en) * 1943-02-05 1945-04-03 Du Pont Stabilization of petroleum hydrocarbons
US2355257A (en) * 1943-06-11 1944-08-08 Socony Vacuum Oil Co Inc Mineral oil composition
US2500195A (en) * 1946-09-06 1950-03-14 Standard Oil Dev Co Metal xanthate derivatives
US2560542A (en) * 1947-06-07 1951-07-17 Standard Oil Co Clean-burning carbonaceous compositions
US2458425A (en) * 1947-06-19 1949-01-04 Gulf Research Development Co Oil compositions
US2529303A (en) * 1947-09-29 1950-11-07 Standard Oil Dev Co Stabilized hydrocarbon products
NL72745C (no) * 1947-11-28
US2567023A (en) * 1949-06-01 1951-09-04 Standard Oil Dev Co Process of preparing a polyvalent metal soap
NL142759C (no) * 1951-02-27
US2737492A (en) * 1952-03-26 1956-03-06 American Cyanamid Co Lubricating oil compositions
US2699427A (en) * 1952-10-02 1955-01-11 Gulf Oil Corp Mineral oil compositions containing amidic acids or salts thereof
GB779825A (en) * 1953-08-11 1957-07-24 Mond Nickel Co Ltd Methods of improving the oxidation resistance of hydrocarbon oils
US2798880A (en) * 1953-12-29 1957-07-09 Fmc Corp Metallo-organic phosphorus compounds
US2958662A (en) * 1955-09-26 1960-11-01 Shell Oil Co Detergent and wear inhibiting mineral oil compositions
BE551242A (no) * 1955-09-26
US3089850A (en) * 1957-05-08 1963-05-14 Eastman Kodak Co Phosphorothiolothionates derived from glycols
GB879991A (en) * 1958-04-28 1961-10-11 Exxon Research Engineering Co Metal-organic salt-amine complexes and their use in hydrocarbon oil compositions
NL239355A (no) * 1958-07-07
US3014940A (en) * 1959-11-02 1961-12-26 Exxon Research Engineering Co Process for the preparation of metal dithiophosphates
US3412118A (en) * 1962-08-31 1968-11-19 Hooker Chemical Corp Salts of 2, 6-and 2, 4, 6-substituted primary aryl phosphites
US3290347A (en) * 1963-02-28 1966-12-06 Exxon Research Engineering Co Preparation of polyvalent metal salts of diorgano dithiophosphoric acids
US3210275A (en) * 1963-04-01 1965-10-05 Continental Oil Co Lubricating composition containing metal salts of hindered phosphorodithioates
DE1271877B (de) * 1963-04-23 1968-07-04 Lubrizol Corp Schmieroel
US3351647A (en) * 1963-05-14 1967-11-07 Lubrizol Corp Nitrogen, phosphorus and metal containing composition
US3322802A (en) * 1963-05-27 1967-05-30 Vanderbilt Co R T Metal salts of organodithiocarbamateorganothiocarbamoyl sulfinates and the preparation thereof
US3291817A (en) * 1963-06-20 1966-12-13 Exxon Research Engineering Co Polymer coordinated metal compounds
US3306908A (en) * 1963-12-26 1967-02-28 Lubrizol Corp Reaction products of high molecular weight hydrocarbon succinic compounds, amines and heavy metal compounds
US3346493A (en) * 1963-12-26 1967-10-10 Lubrizol Corp Lubricants containing metal complexes of alkenyl succinic acid-amine reaction product
GB1081311A (en) * 1964-08-03 1967-08-31 Lubrizol Corp Metal salts of organic phosphorus acid mixtures
GB1052380A (no) * 1964-09-08
GB1129964A (en) * 1965-01-15 1968-10-09 British Petroleum Co Synthetic lubricant composition of improved oxidation stability
GB1136723A (en) * 1965-04-15 1968-12-18 Albright & Wilson Mfg Ltd Improved lubricants
US3347790A (en) * 1965-07-01 1967-10-17 Lubrizol Corp Lubricating compositions containing metal salts of acids of phosphorus
US3798165A (en) * 1965-10-22 1974-03-19 Standard Oil Co Lubricating oils containing high molecular weight mannich condensation products
US3532626A (en) * 1966-07-29 1970-10-06 Mobil Oil Corp Lubricant compositions
US3423316A (en) * 1966-09-20 1969-01-21 Mobil Oil Corp Organic compositions having antiwear properties
US3523081A (en) * 1967-02-01 1970-08-04 Mobil Oil Corp High metal content additives for fluid compositions
DE1794133B2 (de) * 1968-09-13 1975-09-25 The Lubrizol Corp., Cleveland, Ohio (V.St.A.). Schmierole
US3714042A (en) * 1969-03-27 1973-01-30 Lubrizol Corp Treated overbased complexes
US3791805A (en) * 1969-10-10 1974-02-12 Standard Oil Co Transition metal complexes as fuel and motor oil additives
US3649661A (en) * 1970-03-24 1972-03-14 Mobil Oil Corp Coordinated complexes of nitrogenous compounds
US3701729A (en) * 1970-06-01 1972-10-31 Tenneco Chem Oil-soluble mixed copper soap products
US3796662A (en) * 1972-02-17 1974-03-12 Chevron Res Extended life functional fluid
US3843536A (en) * 1972-12-01 1974-10-22 Du Pont Metal-deactivated organic compositions and process therefor
US3933659A (en) * 1974-07-11 1976-01-20 Chevron Research Company Extended life functional fluid
US4035306A (en) * 1975-06-23 1977-07-12 Sheller-Globe Corporation Removable cartridge filter
US4110234A (en) * 1975-11-05 1978-08-29 Uniroyal, Inc. Antioxidant stabilized lubricating oils
US4100082A (en) * 1976-01-28 1978-07-11 The Lubrizol Corporation Lubricants containing amino phenol-detergent/dispersant combinations
SU667579A1 (ru) * 1976-11-10 1979-06-15 Предприятие П/Я А-7553 Многофункциональна присадка к дизельным топливам
US4122033A (en) * 1976-11-26 1978-10-24 Black James F Oxidation inhibitor and compositions containing the same
US4105571A (en) * 1977-08-22 1978-08-08 Exxon Research & Engineering Co. Lubricant composition
US4225448A (en) * 1978-08-07 1980-09-30 Mobil Oil Corporation Copper thiobis(alkylphenols) and antioxidant compositions thereof
US4175043A (en) * 1978-09-21 1979-11-20 Mobil Oil Corporation Metal salts of sulfurized olefin adducts of phosphorodithioic acids and organic compositions containing same
US4234435A (en) * 1979-02-23 1980-11-18 The Lubrizol Corporation Novel carboxylic acid acylating agents, derivatives thereof, concentrate and lubricant compositions containing the same, and processes for their preparation
US4417990A (en) * 1979-05-31 1983-11-29 The Lubrizol Corporation Mixed metal salts/sulfurized phenate compositions and lubricants and functional fluids containing them
US4308154A (en) * 1979-05-31 1981-12-29 The Lubrizol Corporation Mixed metal salts and lubricants and functional fluids containing them
US4390437A (en) * 1979-07-20 1983-06-28 Standard Oil Company (Indiana) Lubricant antioxidants
GB2056482A (en) * 1979-08-13 1981-03-18 Exxon Research Engineering Co Lubricating oil compositions
US4292186A (en) * 1979-12-04 1981-09-29 Mobil Oil Corporation Metal complexes of alkylsuccinic compounds as lubricant and fuel additives
US4502970A (en) * 1982-06-08 1985-03-05 Exxon Research & Engineering Co. Lubricating oil composition
US4866141A (en) * 1986-10-07 1989-09-12 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Lactone modified, esterfied or aminated additives useful in oleaginous compositions and compositions containing same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4867890A (en) 1989-09-19
RO81105A (ro) 1985-04-17
JPH0158239B2 (no) 1989-12-11
SU1630615A3 (ru) 1991-02-23
GB2056482A (en) 1981-03-18
AR241924A1 (es) 1993-01-29
BR8005107A (pt) 1981-02-24
AU6136780A (en) 1981-02-19
JPS5653189A (en) 1981-05-12
DK349980A (da) 1981-02-14
PL226207A1 (no) 1981-04-24
PL130651B1 (en) 1984-08-31
DZ249A1 (fr) 2004-09-13
DK152809C (da) 1993-08-02
GEP19960322B (en) 1996-06-24
EP0024146A1 (en) 1981-02-25
JPH0333759B2 (no) 1991-05-20
CA1170247A (en) 1984-07-03
JPH01163295A (ja) 1989-06-27
JPH0325477B2 (no) 1991-04-08
JPH01113495A (ja) 1989-05-02
DK152809B (da) 1993-08-02
DE3071168D1 (en) 1985-11-14
PL127691B1 (en) 1983-11-30
NO149665C (no) 1984-05-30
ZA804853B (en) 1981-08-26
NO802409L (no) 1981-02-16
MX155685A (es) 1988-04-13
EP0024146B1 (en) 1985-10-09
AU537461B2 (en) 1984-06-28
RO81105B (ro) 1985-04-30

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
NO149665B (no) Smoeremiddel og konsentrat.
CA2171536C (en) Lubricating compositions with improved antioxidancy
CA2357750C (en) Low viscosity lubricating oil compositions
EP0280580B1 (en) Low phosphorus lubricants
GB2221474A (en) Lubricating oil compositions containing salts of dithiophosphoric acid
US6140279A (en) Concentrates with high molecular weight dispersants and their preparation
EP1046698A1 (en) Marine diesel engine lubricating compositions
CA2327836C (en) High molecular weight dispersant compositions and their preparation
JPH0438793B2 (no)
EP0465118B1 (en) Lubricating oil additives
US4502971A (en) Concentrates of lubricant additives
EP0031990B1 (en) A lubricating oil composition, an additive concentrate for lubricating oil and a method for imparting anti-corrosion properties to lubricating oil
EP1070111B1 (en) Process for the preparation of oleginous concentrates
JPH01163294A (ja) 内燃機関用無灰分潤滑油組成物
CA2327829C (en) Concentrates with high molecular weight dispersants and their preparation
EP0011497B1 (en) Lubricating oil composition and additive concentrate for addition to lubricating oil
EP1136544A1 (en) Crankcase lubricating oil composition
EP1191089A1 (en) Low viscosity lubricating oil compositions
NO170161B (no) Smoereolje inneholdende et kompleks av et succinimid og enborert alkylcatechol
JPH0260718B2 (no)