NL1007121C2 - Hard PVC, gestabiliseerd met N,N-dimethyl-6-aminouracillen. - Google Patents
Hard PVC, gestabiliseerd met N,N-dimethyl-6-aminouracillen. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NL1007121C2 NL1007121C2 NL1007121A NL1007121A NL1007121C2 NL 1007121 C2 NL1007121 C2 NL 1007121C2 NL 1007121 A NL1007121 A NL 1007121A NL 1007121 A NL1007121 A NL 1007121A NL 1007121 C2 NL1007121 C2 NL 1007121C2
- Authority
- NL
- Netherlands
- Prior art keywords
- tert
- butyl
- acid
- bis
- pvc
- Prior art date
Links
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 70
- -1 polydihydropyridines Chemical class 0.000 description 69
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 34
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 17
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 16
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 16
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 14
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 12
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 11
- KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Octanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCO KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 10
- GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 9
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 9
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 8
- JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-triazine Chemical compound C1=CN=NN=C1 JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 7
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 6
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 6
- HVLLSGMXQDNUAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl phosphite Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 HVLLSGMXQDNUAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 6
- MQIUGAXCHLFZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Di-n-octyl phthalate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCCCCCC MQIUGAXCHLFZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium stearate Chemical class [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCO XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl glycol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)CO SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphite(3-) Chemical class [O-]P([O-])[O-] AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N (R)-(-)-Propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BPXVHIRIPLPOPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-tris(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trione Chemical compound OCCN1C(=O)N(CCO)C(=O)N(CCO)C1=O BPXVHIRIPLPOPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ALVZNPYWJMLXKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,9-Nonanediol Chemical compound OCCCCCCCCCO ALVZNPYWJMLXKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IRIAEXORFWYRCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylbenzyl phthalate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 IRIAEXORFWYRCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004803 Di-2ethylhexylphthalate Substances 0.000 description 4
- KCXZNSGUUQJJTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Di-n-hexyl phthalate Chemical compound CCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCCCC KCXZNSGUUQJJTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000006057 Non-nutritive feed additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N[N][N]C2=C1 QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012964 benzotriazole Substances 0.000 description 4
- FQUNFJULCYSSOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisoctrizole Chemical compound N1=C2C=CC=CC2=NN1C1=CC(C(C)(C)CC(C)(C)C)=CC(CC=2C(=C(C=C(C=2)C(C)(C)CC(C)(C)C)N2N=C3C=CC=CC3=N2)O)=C1O FQUNFJULCYSSOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl phthalate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCC DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HBGGXOJOCNVPFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N diisononyl phthalate Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCCCCC(C)C HBGGXOJOCNVPFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N monopropylene glycol Natural products CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000002815 nickel Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000013772 propylene glycol Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 4
- YODZTKMDCQEPHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiodiglycol Chemical compound OCCSCCO YODZTKMDCQEPHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000005591 trimellitate group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- ARCGXLSVLAOJQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimellitic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C(C(O)=O)=C1 ARCGXLSVLAOJQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N (±)-α-Tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2OC(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZPIRWAHWDCHWLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-dodecylsulfanylethanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCSCCO ZPIRWAHWDCHWLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CKPKHTKLLYPGFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6,6-dimethylheptane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CC(CCCCC(O)O)(C)C CKPKHTKLLYPGFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic anhydride Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)=O WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004604 Blowing Agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Caprylic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(O)=O WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
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- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
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- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
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- 229960001147 triclofos Drugs 0.000 description 1
- IVIIAEVMQHEPAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridodecyl phosphite Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOP(OCCCCCCCCCCCC)OCCCCCCCCCCCC IVIIAEVMQHEPAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRAKJTASWCEOQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridodecylphosphane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCP(CCCCCCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCCCCCC GRAKJTASWCEOQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000005691 triesters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JNXDCMUUZNIWPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trioctyl benzene-1,2,4-tricarboxylate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(=O)OCCCCCCCC)C(C(=O)OCCCCCCCC)=C1 JNXDCMUUZNIWPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QOQNJVLFFRMJTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trioctyl phosphite Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOP(OCCCCCCCC)OCCCCCCCC QOQNJVLFFRMJTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl phosphate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WGKLOLBTFWFKOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-nonylphenyl) phosphite Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1OP(OC=1C(=CC=CC=1)CCCCCCCCC)OC1=CC=CC=C1CCCCCCCCC WGKLOLBTFWFKOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WDRCVXGINNJWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(6-methylheptyl) benzene-1,2,4-tricarboxylate Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(=O)OCCCCCC(C)C)C(C(=O)OCCCCCC(C)C)=C1 WDRCVXGINNJWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QQBLOZGVRHAYGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris-decyl phosphite Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCOP(OCCCCCCCCCC)OCCCCCCCCCC QQBLOZGVRHAYGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IRELFWHHEKNWEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N tritetradecyl phosphite Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCOP(OCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)OCCCCCCCCCCCCCC IRELFWHHEKNWEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013799 ultramarine blue Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940005605 valeric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- FUSUHKVFWTUUBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinyl methyl ketone Natural products CC(=O)C=C FUSUHKVFWTUUBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019165 vitamin E Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011709 vitamin E Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940046009 vitamin E Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ytterbium Chemical compound [Yb] NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003752 zinc compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BOXSVZNGTQTENJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dibutyldithiocarbamate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCN(C([S-])=S)CCCC.CCCCN(C([S-])=S)CCCC BOXSVZNGTQTENJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- CHJMFFKHPHCQIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;octanoate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCC([O-])=O CHJMFFKHPHCQIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-IEOSBIPESA-N α-tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2O[C@@](CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-IEOSBIPESA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
- C08K5/34—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring
- C08K5/3442—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring having two nitrogen atoms in the ring
- C08K5/3462—Six-membered rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/0008—Organic ingredients according to more than one of the "one dot" groups of C08K5/01 - C08K5/59
- C08K5/005—Stabilisers against oxidation, heat, light, ozone
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/36—Sulfur-, selenium-, or tellurium-containing compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/36—Sulfur-, selenium-, or tellurium-containing compounds
- C08K5/37—Thiols
- C08K5/378—Thiols containing heterocyclic rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L27/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L27/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L27/04—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing chlorine atoms
- C08L27/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of vinyl chloride
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2203/00—Applications
- C08L2203/18—Applications used for pipes
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Macromolecular Compounds Obtained By Forming Nitrogen-Containing Linkages In General (AREA)
Description
Hard PVC, gestabiliseerd met N.N-dimethvl-6-aminouracillen
De onderhavige uitvinding heeft betrekking op de - bij voorkeur vrij van zware metalen - stabilisatie van hard of semi-hard PVC met 5 behulp van specifieke N,N-dimethyl-6-aminouracillen, die door de formule I worden gedefinieerd.
DE 1694873 leert de stabilisatie van PVC met specifieke uracil-verbindingen tegen thermische en oxidatieve spanningen. Deze publicatie beschrijft echter alleen flexibele PVC-samenstellingen die derge-10 lijke aminouracillen omvatten. Ook zijn andere aminouracil- en amino-thiouracil-verbindingen als stabilisatoren voor PVC beschreven (EP ΟΟ65934. EP 0354179. EP 0041479).
Thans is gevonden dat deze aminouracil- en aminothiouracil-ver-bindingen slechts zeer beperkt geschikt zijn voor flexibel PVC, omdat 15 de aanwezigheid daarvan resulteert in verkleuring of blaarvorming in het gestabiliseerde systeem. Verrassenderwijs kan PVC met een week-makergehalte tot ongeveer 20%, d.w.z. zogenaamd hard of semi-hard PVC, echter zeer goed worden gestabiliseerd met behulp van de hierna beschreven verbindingen met de formule I. Verkleuren vormt geen probleem 20 meer.
Dienovereenkomstig heeft de uitvinding betrekking op samenstellingen, omvattende A) hard of semi-hard PVC met een weekmakergehalte tot 20% en B) ten minste een verbinding met de formule I,
25 O
x^n^nh-r CHj 30 waarbij X 0 of S is en R H of fenyl is, met dien verstande dat geen verbindingen uit de groepen van de per-chloraatverbindingen, glycidylverbindingen, beta-diketonen, beta-keto-35 esters, dihydropyridinen, polydihydropyridinen, polyolen, disaccha-ridealcoholen, sterisch gehinderde aminen (tetra-alkylpiperidine-ver-bindingen), alkalimetaalalumosilikaten (zeolieten), hydrotalcieten of alkalimetaalalumocarbonaten (Dawsonieten) aanwezig zijn.
t 1 0071 21-* 2
Voorkeurssamenstellingen zijn die, waarbij B) een verbinding is met de formule I, waarbij X 0 is en in het bijzonder die samenstellingen, waarbij B) de verbinding
5 O
“'Λ O^N^NHj ch3 10 is.
Deze uitvinding heeft tevens betrekking op de toepassing van de verbindingen met de formule I voor het stabiliseren van hard of semi-hard PVC, opnieuw met de hierboven vermelde voorwaarde.
15 De verbindingen met de formule I kunnen in een hoeveelheid van met voordeel 0,01 tot 10 gew.%, bij voorkeur 0,05 tot 5 gew.% en in het bijzonder 0,1 tot 3 gew.#, gebaseerd op de gehele samenstelling, in het te stabiliseren harde of semi-harde PVC worden opgenomen.
De samenstellingen volgens deze uitvinding kunnen ook verdere 20 gebruikelijke toevoegsels bevatten, zoals stabilisatoren, hulpmiddelen en verwerkingshulpmiddelen, gewoonlijk alkalimetaalverbindingen en aardalkalimetaalverbindingen, smeermiddelen, weekmakers, pigmenten, vulstoffen, fosfieten, thiofosfieten en thiofosfaten, mercaptocar-boxylaten, geëpoxydeerde vetzuuresters, antioxidantia, UV-absorptie-25 middelen en licht-stabilisatoren, fluorescerende bleekmiddelen, middelen voor het verbeteren van de slagvastheid, geleermiddelen, antista-tische middelen, biociden, metaal-deactiverende middelen, vlamwerende middelen en blaasmiddelen alsook antifogging-middelen (zie "Handbook of PVC-Formulating" van E.J. Wickson, John Wiley & Sons, New York 30 1993)· Illustratieve voorbeelden van dergelijke toevoegsels zijn: I. Vulstoffen: vulstoffen (HANDBOOK OF PVC FORMULATING E.J. Wickson, John Wiley & Sons, Ine., 1993. biz. 393^^9) en versterkingsmiddelen (TASCHENBUCH der KA’e, R. Gachter & H. Müller, Carl Hanser, 1990, blz. 549-615), gewoonlijk calciumcarbonaat, dolomiet, wollasto-35 niet, magnesiumoxide, magnesiumhydroxide, silikaten, porceleinaarde, talk, glasvezels, glazen kogels, houtmeel, mica, metaaloxiden of metaalhydroxiden, roet, grafiet, anorganisch poeder, bariet, kaolien en kalk. Kalk heeft de voorkeur. De vulstoffen kunnen in een hoeveel- 1007121* 3 heid van bij voorkeur ten minste 1 deel, gewoonlijk 5 tot 200, gebruikelijk 10 tot 150 en met meer voorkeur 5 tot 100 gewichtsdelen, gebaseerd op 100 gewichtsdelen PVC, worden toegepast.
II. Metaalzepen: metaalzepen zijn in hoofdzaak metaalcarboxylaten 5 van bij voorkeur carbonzuren met een lange keten. Standaardvoorbeelden zijn stearaten en lauraten en tevens oleaten en zouten van alkyl-carbonzuren met een korte keten. Alkylbenzoëzuren zijn ook metaalzepen. Er worden vaak synergistische mengsels gebruikt, zoals ba-rium/zink-, magnesium/zink-, calcium/zink- of calcium/magnesium/zink-10 stabilisatoren. De metaalzepen kunnen afzonderlijk of als mengsels worden toegepast. Een overzicht van gebruikelijke metaalzepen kan worden gevonden in Ullmanns Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, vijfde druk, deel Al6 (1985). blz. 3&1 e.v. Het is gebruikelijk om organische metaalzepen te gebruiken uit de reeks van de alifatische 15 verzadigde C2-C22 carboxylaten, van de alifatische onverzadigde C3-C22 carboxylaten, van de alifatische C2-C22 carboxylaten die zijn gesubstitueerd met ten minste een 0H-groep, van cyclisch en bicyclisch car-boxylaat dat 5-22 koolstofatomen bevat, van de fenylcarboxylaten, die ongesubstitueerd zijn of zijn gesubstitueerd met ten minste een 0H-20 groep en/of met Cj-Cl6 alkyl, van de naftylcarboxylaten, die ongesubstitueerd zijn of zijn gesubstitueerd met ten minste een OH-groep en/of met Cj-Cl6 alkyl, van de fenyl- Ci-Cl6 alkylcarboxylaten, van de naftyl-C]-Cl6 alkylcarboxylaten of van de ongesubstitueerde of met Cj-C12 alkyl gesubstitueerde fenolaten, tallaten en resinaten.
25 Kenmerkende voorbeelden die genoemd dienen te worden zijn de zink-, calcium-, magnesium- of bariumzouten van de eenwaardige carbonzuren, zoals azijnzuur, propionzuur, boterzuur, valeriaanzuur, hexaan-zuur, oenantzuur, octaanzuur, neodecaanzuur, 2-ethylhexaanzuur, pelar-gonzuur, decaanzuur, undecaanzuur, dodecaanzuur, tridecaanzuur, my-30 ristylzuur, palmitinezuur, isostearinezuur, stearinezuur, 12-hydroxy-stearinezuur, beheenzuur, benzoëzuur, p-tert-butylbenzoëzuur, N,N-dimethylhydroxybenzoëzuur, 3,5~di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoëzuur, toluylzuur, dimethylbenzoëzuur, ethylbenzoëzuur, n-propylbenzoëzuur, salicylzuur, p-tert-octylsalicylzuur en sorbinezuur; de calcium-, 35 magnesium- en zinkzouten van de monoesters van de tweewaardige carbonzuren, zoals oxaalzuur, malonzuur, barnsteenzuur, glutaarzuur, adi-pinezuur, fumaarzuur, pentaan-1,5-dicarbonzuur, hexaan-1,6-dicarbon-zuur, heptaan-1,7~dicarbonzuur, octaan-1,8-dicarbonzuur, ftaalzuur, .1 0071 2 Ή 4 isoftaalzuur, tereftaalzuur en hydroxyftaalzuur; en van de di- of tri-esters van de drie- of vierwaardige carbonzuren, gewoonlijk hemi-mellietzuur, trimellietzuur, pyromellietzuur en citroenzuur.
Het heeft de voorkeur om calciumcarboxylaten, magnesiumcar-5 boxylaten en zinkcarboxylaten van carbonzuren met 7-18 koolstofatomen (metaalzepen in de meer strikte betekenis), gewoonlijk benzoaten of alkanoaten, bij voorkeur stearaat, oleaat, lauraat, palmitaat, behe-naat, hydroxystearaten, dihydroxystearaten of 2-ethylhexanoaat, te gebruiken. Stearaat, oleaat en p-tert-butylbenzoaat hebben bijzondere 10 voorkeur. Overbasische carboxylaten, zoals overbasisch zinkoctoaat, hebben eveneens voorkeur.
Indien toepasselijk kan ook een mengsel van carboxylaten met verschillende structuren worden gebruikt.
Samenstellingen die de voorkeur hebben zijn, zoals beschreven, 15 die, welke een organische zinkverbinding of/en calciumverbinding omvatten.
Naast de vermelde verbindingen zijn organische aluminiumverbin-dingen, bij voorkeur verbindingen die analoog zijn aan de hierboven genoemde verbindingen, ook geschikt. Verdere details met betrekking 20 tot de aluminiumverbindingen die geschikt zijn voor gebruik en die de voorkeur hebben kunnen worden gevonden in US-A-4060512 en US-A- 32^3394.
Naast de tot dusverre vermelde verbindingen zijn organische zeldzaam aardmetaalverbindingen, in het bijzonder verbindingen die analoog 25 zijn aan de hierboven genoemde verbindingen, ook geschikt. De uitdrukking zeldzaam aardmetaalverbinding betekent in het bijzonder verbindingen van de elementen cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium, lanthaan en yttrium, waarbij mengsels, in het 30 bijzonder met cerium, de voorkeur hebben. Andere zeldzaam aardmetaalverbindingen die de voorkeur hebben kunnen worden gevonden in EP-A- OIO8O23.
Indien toepasselijk is het ook mogelijk om een mengsel te gebruiken van zink-, aardalkalimetaal-, aluminium-, lanthaan- of lantha-35 noïde-verbindingen met verschillende structuren. Het is ook mogelijk dat organische zink-, aluminium-, lanthaan- of lanthanoïde-verbin-dingen als bekleding worden aangebracht op een aluminiumoxidezout-verbinding; zie ook DE-A-403l8l8.
1007121* 5
De metaalzepen of de mengsels daarvan kunnen worden toegepast in een hoeveelheid van gewoonlijk 0,001 tot 10, bij voorkeur 0,01 tot 8, met bijzondere voorkeur 0,05 tot 5 gewichtsdelen, gebaseerd op 100 gewichtsdelen PVC. Hetzelfde geldt voor de verdere metaal-stabilisato-5 ren: III. Verdere metaal-stabilisatoren: De organotin-stabilisatoren dienen hier in het bijzonder te worden genoemd. Dit zijn bij voorkeur carboxylaten, mercaptiden en sulfiden. In US-A-4743640 worden geschikte voorbeelden beschreven.
10 IV. Alkalimetaal-verbindingen en aardalkalimetaal-verbindingen:
Dit zijn in het bijzonder de carboxylaten van de bovenstaande zuren, maar ook overeenkomende oxiden of hydroxiden of carbonaten. De mengsels daarvan met organische zuren zijn ook geschikt. Kenmerkende voorbeelden zijn NaOH, Κ0Η, CaO, Ca(0H)2, MgO, Mg(0H)2, CaC03 en MgC03, 15 alsook vetzuur-natriumzouten en vetzuur-kaliumzouten. In het geval van aardalkalimetaalcarboxylaten en zinkcarboxylaten is het ook mogelijk om de adducten daarvan met MO of M(0H)2 (M = Ca, Mg, Sr of Zn), zogenaamde overbasische verbindingen, te gebruiken. Het heeft de voorkeur dat naast de nieuwe stabilisator-katalysator alkalimetaalcarboxylaten, 20 aardalkalimetaalcarboxylaten en/of aluminiumcarboxylaten worden gebruikt .
V. Smeermiddelen: Geschikte smeermiddelen zijn bijvoorbeeld: montaanwas, vetzuuresters, PE-wassen, amidewassen, chloorparaffinen, glycerolesters of aardalkalimetaalzepen. Smeermiddelen die gebruikt 25 kunnen worden, worden ook beschreven in "Kunststoffadditive", R. Gachter/H. Müller, carl Hanser Verlag, derde druk, 1989. bladzijden 478-488. Ook moeten vetzuurketonen (zoals beschreven in DE 4204887) en smeermiddelen op basis van siliconen (zoals beschreven in EP 225261, of combinaties daarvan, zoals weergegeven in EP 259783. worden ge-30 noemd.
VI. Weekmakers: Geschikte organische weekmakers zijn bijvoorbeeld die uit de volgende groepen: A) Ftalaten: kenmerkende voorbeelden van dergelijke weekmakers zijn dimethylftalaat, diethylftalaat, dibutylftalaat, dihexylftalaat, 35 di-2-ethylhexylftalaat, di-n-octylftalaat, diisooctylftalaat, diiso-nonylftalaat, diisodecylftalaat, diisotridecylftalaat, dicyclohexyl-ftalaatdimethylcyclohexylftalaat, dimethylglycolftalaat, dibutyl-glycolftalaat, benzylbutylftalaat en difenylftalaat alsook mengsels 10071 21“» 6 van ftalaten, zoals C7-C9 en C9-Cu alkylftalaten van in hoofdzaak lineaire alcoholen, C6-C10 n-alkylftalaten en C8-C10 n-alkylftalaten. Van deze hebben dibutylftalaat, dihexylftalaat, di-2-ethylhexylftalaat, di-n-octylftalaat, diisooctylftalaat, diisononylftalaat, diisodecyl-5 ftalaat, diisotridecylftalaat en benzylbutylftalaat, alsook de genoemde mengsels van alkylftalaten, de voorkeur. Di-2-ethylhexylftalaat, diisononylftalaat en diisodecylftalaat, welke verbindingen ook bekend zijn met de gebruikelijke afkortingen DOP (dioctylftalaat, di-2-ethyl-hexylftalaat), DINP (diisononylftalaat, DIDP (diisodecylftalaat), 10 worden met bijzondere voorkeur toegepast.
B) Esters van alifatische dicarbonzuren, bij voorkeur esters van adipinezuur, azelaïnezuur en sebacinezuur. Kenmerkende voorbeelden van dergelijke weekmakers zijn di-2-ethylhexyladipaat, diisooctyladipaat (mengsel), diisononyladipaat (mengsel), diisodecyladipaat (mengsel), 15 benzylbutyladipaat, benzyloctyladipaat, di-2-ethylhexylazelaat, di-2-ethylhexylsebacaat en diisodecylsebacaat (mengsel). Di-2-ethylhexyl-adipaat en diisooctyladipaat hebben de voorkeur.
C) Trimellitaten, gewoonlijk tri-2-ethylhexyltrimellitaat, tri-isodecyltrimellitaat (mengsel), triisotridecyltrimellitaat, triiso- 20 octyltrimellitaat (mengsel) en tevens tri-C6-C8 alkyltrimellitaat, tri-C6-C10 alkyltrimellitaat, tri-C7-C9 alkyltrimellitaat en tri-Cg-Cj] alkyltrimellitaat. Deze laatste trimellitaten worden verkregen door het veresteren van trimellietzuur met het desbetreffende alkanolmeng-sel. Trimellitaten die de voorkeur hebben zijn tri-2-ethylhexyltrimel-25 litaat en het genoemde trimellitaat van de alkanolmengsels. Gebruikelijke afkortingen zijn TOTM (trioctyltrimellitaat, tri-2-ethylhexyl-trimellitaat), TIDTM (triisodecyltrimellitaat) en TITDTM (triisotridecyltrimellitaat) .
D) Epoxide-weekmakers: Deze omvatten in hoofdzaak de geëpoxydeer-30 de onverzadigde vetzuren, zoals geëpoxydeerde sojaboonolie.
E) Polymeer-weekmakers: Een definitie van deze weekmakers en voorbeelden daarvan kunnen worden gevonden in "Kunststoffadditive", R. Gëchter/H. Müller, Carl Hanser Verlag, derde druk, 1989. hoofdstuk 5-9-6. bladzijden 412-415, alsook in "PVC Technology", W.V. Titow, 35 vierde druk, Elsevier Publ., 1984, bladzijden 165-170. De meest gebruikelijke uitgangsmaterialen voor de bereiding van de polyester-weekmakers zijn: dicarbonzuren, gewoonlijk adipinezuur, ftaalzuur, azelaïnezuur en sebacinezuur; diolen, zoals 1,2-propaandiol, 1,3-bu- 1007121« 7 taandiol, 1,4-butaandiol, 1,6-hexaandiol, neopentylglycol en di-ethyleenglycol.
F) Fosforzuuresters: Een definitie van deze esters wordt gegeven in het hierboven vermelde "Taschenbuch der Kunststofadditive", hoofd- 5 stuk 5.9.5, blz. 408-412. Illustratieve voorbeelden van dergelijke fosfaten zijn tributylfosfaat, tri-2-ethylbutylfosfaat, tri-2-ethyl-hexylfosfaat, trichloorethylfosfaat, 2-ethylhexyldifenylfosfaat, cre-syldifenylfosfaat, trifenylfosfaat, tricresylfosfaat en trixylenylfosfaat. Tri-2-ethylhexylfosfaat en <§Reofos 50 en 95 (Ciba-Geigy) hebben 10 de voorkeur.
G) Gechloreerde koolwaterstoffen (paraffinen).
H) Koolwaterstoffen.
I) Monoesters, gewoonlijk butyloleaat, fenoxyethyloleaat, tetra-hydrofurfuryloleaat en alkylsulfonaten.
15 J) Glycolesters, b.v. diglycolbenzoaat.
Definities en voorbeelden van weekmakers uit de groepen G) tot en met J) kunnen worden gevonden in de volgende handboeken: "Kunststoffadditive", R. Gachter/H. Müller, Carl Hanser Verlag, derde druk, 1989, hoofdstuk 5-9-14.2, blz. 422-425 (groep G) en hoofd-20 stuk 5.9.14.I, blz. 422 (groep H).
"PVC Technology", W.V. Titow, vierde druk, Elsevier Publishers, 1984, hoofdstuk 6.10.2, bladzijden 171-173 (groep G), hoofdstuk 6.IO.5. bladzijde 174 [groep H), hoofdstuk 6.10.3. bladzijde 173 (groep I) en hoofdstuk 6.10.4, bladzijden 173“174 (groep J).
25 Het is ook mogelijk om mengsels van verschillende weekmakers te gebruiken.
De weekmakers kunnen worden gebruikt in een hoeveelheid van gewoonlijk 5 tot 20, gebruikelijk 10 tot 20 gewichtsdelen, gebaseerd op 100 gewichtsdelen PVC. Het harde of semi-harde PVC bevat bij voorkeur 30 tot 10¾, met bijzonder voorkeur tot 3% weekmaker, of helemaal geen weekmaker.
VII. Pigmenten: Geschikte stoffen zijn bekend bij een deskundige. Gebruikelijke voorbeelden van anorganische pigmenten zijn Ti02, BaS0A, roet, Fe203, Sb203, (Ti,Ba,Sb)02, Cr203, spinellen, zoals kobalt-blauw 35 en kobalt-groen, Cd(S,Se), ultramarijnblauw. Organische pigmenten zijn bijvoorbeeld azo-pigmenten, ftalocyanine-pigmenten, chinacridon-pig-menten, peryleen-pigmenten, diketopyrrolopyrrool-pigmenten en antra-chinon-pigmenten. Ti02 in gemicroniseerde vorm heeft eveneens de voor- 1 0071 2 1 · 8 keur. Een definitie en betere beschrijving kunnen worden gevonden in "Handbook of PVC Formulating", E.J. Wickson, John Wiley & Sons, New
York 1993- VIII. Fosfieten: Gebruikelijke voorbeelden zijn trifenylfosfiet, 5 difenylalkylfosfieten, fenyldialkylfosfieten, tris(nonylfenyl)fosfiet, trilaurylfosf iet, trioctadecylfosfiet, distearylpentaerythritoldifos-fiet, tris(2,4-di-tert-butylfenyl)fosfiet, diisodecylpentaerythritol-difosf iet, bis(2,4-di-tert-butylfenyl)pentaerythritoldifosfiet, bis- (2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylfenyl)pentaerythritoldifosfiet, bis-iso-10 decyloxypentaerythritoldifosfiet, bis(2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-methyl-f enyl)pentaerythritoldifosfiet, bis(2,4,6-tri-tert-butylfenyl)penta- erythritoldifosfiet, tristearylsorbitoltrifosfiet, bis(2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-methylfenyl)methylfosfiet, bis(2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-methyl-fenyl)ethylfosfiet. Trioctylfosfiet, tridecylfosfiet, tridodecylfos-15 fiet, tritetradecylfosfiet, tristearylfosfiet, trioleylfosfiet, trifenylfosfiet, tricresylfosfiet, tris-p-nonylfenylfosfiet of tricyclo-hexylfosfiet zijn bijzonder geschikt en aryldialkylfosfieten en alkyl-diarylfosfieten, zoals fenyldidecylfosfiet, {2,4-di-tert-butyl-fenyl )didodecylfosfiet, (2,6-di-tert-butylfenyl)didodecylfosfiet, en 20 dialkyl- en diarylpentaerythritoldifosfieten, zoals distearylpenta-erythritoldifosfiet, en tevens niet-stoichiometrische triarylfosfie-ten, b.v. met de samenstelling (H^Cg-CfcH^O)! 5P(0C12 13H2- 27)j 5, hebben bijzondere voorkeur. Organische fosfieten die de voorkeur hebben zijn distearylpentaerythritoldifosfiet, trisnonylfenylfosfiet en fenyl-25 didecylfosfiet. De organische fosfieten kunnen worden gebruikt in een hoeveelheid van gewoonlijk 0,01 tot 10, gebruikelijk 0,05 tot 5 en bij voorkeur 0,1 tot 3 gewichtsdelen, gebaseerd op 100 gewichtsdelen PVC.
IX. Thiofosfieten en thiofosfaten: Thiofosfieten of thiofosfaten zijn verbindingen van het algemene type: (RS)3P, {RS)3P=0 of (RS)3P=S, 30 zoals beschreven in de octrooipublicaties DE 2809492, EP 090770 en EP 573394. Gebruikelijke voorbeelden van deze verbindingen zijn: trithio-hexylfosfiet, trithiooctylfosfiet, trithiolaurylfosfiet, trithio-benzylfosfiet, methyltris(carbo-isooctyloxy)trithiofosfiet, methyl-tris(carbo-trimethylcyclohexyloxy)trithiofosfiet, methyl-S,S,S-tris-35 (carbo-isooctyloxy)tri thiofosfaat, methyl-S,S,S-tris(carbo-2-ethyl- hexyloxy)trithiofosfaat, ethyl-S,S,S-tris-l-(carbohexyloxy)trithiofos-faat, ethyl-S,S,S-l-(carbo-2-ethylhexyloxy)trithiofosfaat, ethyl- S,S,S-tris-2-(carbo-2-ethylhexyloxy)trithiofosfaat.
10071 21·* 9 X. Mercaptocarboxvlaten: Gebruikelijke voorbeelden van deze verbindingen zijn: esters van thioglycolzuur, thioappelzuur, mercapto-
propionzuur, van mercaptobenzoëzuren of van thiomelkzuur, zoals beschreven in de octrooischriften FR 2459816, EP 90748, FR 2552440, EP
5 365^83. De mercaptocarboxylaten omvatten tevens polyolesters of de gedeeltelijke esters daarvan.
XI. Geëpoxvdeerde vetzuuresters: De nieuwe stabilisatorcombinatie kan bovendien ten minste een geëpoxydeerde vetzuurester bevatten. Geschikte esters zijn in het bijzonder esters van vetzuren uit natuur- 10 lijke bronnen (vetzuurglyceriden), zoals sojaboonolie of raapzaadolie. Er kunnen echter ook synthetische producten, zoals geëpoxydeerd butyl-oleaat, worden gebruikt.
XII. Antioxidantia: Geschikte antioxidantia zijn: 1. Gealkvleerde monofenolen. bijvoorbeeld 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-15 methylfenol, 2-tert-butyl-4,6-dimethylfenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4- ethylfenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-n-butylfenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-isobutylfenol, 2,6-dicyclopentyl-4-methylfenol, 2-(a-methylcyclo- hexyl)-4,6-dimethylfenol, 2,6-dioctadecyl-4-methylfenol, 2,4,6-tri- cyclohexylfenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methoxymethylfenol, 2,6-dinonyl*· 20 4-methylfenol, 2,4-dimethyl-6-(1’-methylundec-l'-yl)fenol, 2,4-di- methyl-6-(1'-methylheptadec-1'-yl)fenol, 2,4-dimethyl-6-(1'-methyl-tridec-1'-yl)fenol, octylfenol, nonylfenol, dodecylfenol en mengsels daarvan.
2. Alkvlthiomethvlfenolen. bijvoorbeeld 2,4-dioctylthiomethyl-6-25 tert-butylfenol, 2,4-dioctylthiomethyl-6-methylfenol, 2,4-dioctylthio- methyl-6-ethylfenol, 2,6-didodecylthiomethyl-4-nonylfenol.
λ. Gealkvleerde hvdrochinonen. bijvoorbeeld 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methoxyfenol, 2,5-di-tert-butylhydrochinon, 2,5-di-tert-amylhydrochi-non , 2,6-difenyl-4-octadecyloxyfenol, 2,6-di-tert-butylhydrochinon, 30 2,5~di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisol, 3.5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisol, 3.5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyfenylstearaat, bis (3.5~8i-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyfenyl)adipaat.
4. Gehvdroxvleerde thiodifenvlethers. bijvoorbeeld 2,2'-thio- bis(6-tert-butyl-4-methylfenol), 2,2'-thiobis(4-octylfenol), *1,4' - 35 thiobis(6-tert-butyl-3~niethylfenol), 4,4'-thiobis(6-tert-butyl-2-me-thylfenol), 4,4'-thiobis{3.6-di-sec-amylfenol), 4,4 ’-bis(2,6-dimethyl- 4-hydroxyfenyl)disuifide.
5. Alkvlideenbisfenolen. bijvoorbeeld 2,2' -methyleenbis(6-tert- 1 0071 2 1 1 10 butyl-4-methylfenol), 2,2'-methyleenbis(6-tert-butyl-4-ethylfenol), 2,2'-methyleenbis[4-methyl-6-(α-methy1cyclohexyl) fenol], 2,2'- methyleenbis(4-methyl-6-cyclohexylfenol), 2,2'-methyleenbis(6-nonyl-4- methylfenol), 2,2'-methyleenbis(4,6-di-tert-butylfenol), 2,2'- 5 ethylideenbis(4,6-di-tert-butylfenol), 2,2'-ethylideenbis(6-tert-butyl-4-isobutylfenol), 2,2'-methyleenbis[6-{a-methylbenzyl)-4-nonyl- fenol], 2,2'-methyleenbis[6-(α,α-dimethylbenzyl)-4-nonylfenol], 4, Grille thy leenbis( 2,6-di-tert-butylfenol) , 4,4'-methyleenbis(6-tert-buty1- 2-methylfenol), 1,1-bis{5"tert-buty1-4-hydroxy-2-methylfenyl) butaan, 10 2,6-bis(3-tert-butyl-5-methyl-2-hydroxybenzyl)-4-methylfenol, 1,1,3- tris(5“tert-buty1-^-hydroxy-2-methylfenyl)butaan, 1,1-bis(5-tert- butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylfenyl)-3-n-dodecylmercaptobutaan, ethyleen-glycol-bis[3.3-bis(3'-tert-buty1-4’-hydroxyfenyl)butyraat], bis (3- tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-n>ethylfenyl)dicyclopentadieen, bis[2- (3’ -tert-15 butyl-2 ’ -hydroxy-5 ’ -methylbenzyl )-6- tert-buty1-4-methylfenyl ] teref ta-laat, 1,1-bis(3.5“dimethyl-2-hydroxyfenyl)butaan, 2,2-bis(3,5~di-tert- buty 1-4-hydroxyfenyl) propaan, 2,2-bis(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methyl-f enyl)-4-n-dodecylmercaptobutaan, 1,1,5,5“tetra(5-tert-buty1-A-hy- droxy-2-methylfenyl)pentaan.
20 6. Benzvlverbindingen. bijvoorbeeld 3.5.3'.5'-tetra-tert-butyl- 4,4'-dihydroxydibenzylether, octadecyl-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylbenzyl-mercaptoacetaat, tridecy1-4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylbenzylmercapto-acetaat, tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) amine, bis(4-tert-buty l-3_hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl)dithiotereftalaat, bis (3,5-di-tert-25 butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)sulfide, isooctyl-3,5~di-tert-buty1-4-hydroxy-benzylmercaptoacetaat.
7. Gehvdroxvbenzvleerde malonaten. bijvoorbeeld dioctadecyl-2,2-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzyl)malonaat, dioctadecyl-2-(3-tert-buty 1-4-hydroxy-5-methylbenzy1)malonaat, didodecylmercaptoethyl-2,2- 30 bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)malonaat, di[4-(1,1,3,3"tetra- methy1butyl)fenyl]-2,2-bis(3, 5"di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)malonaat.
8. Aromatische hvdroxvbenzvl-verbindinEen. bijvoorbeeld 1,3.5“ tris(3.5~di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-2,4,6-trimethylbenzeen, 1,4-bis(3.5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-2,3.5.6-tetramethylbenzeen, 35 2,4,6-tris(3.5“di"tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)fenol.
Q. Triazine-verbindingen. bijvoorbeeld 2,4-bis(octylmercapto)-6-(3.5~di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanilino)-1,3.5“triazine, 2-octylmercapto- 4,6-bis(3.5"di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanilino)-l,3.5-triazine, 2-octyl- 1007U1 < 11 mercapto-*4,6-bis(3.5"di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyfenoxy)-1,3.5"triazine, 2,4,6-tris(3,5"di-tert-butyl-*4-hydroxyfenoxy)-1,2,3-triazine, 1,3.5" tris(3,5"di-tert-butyl-*4-hydroxybenzyl)isocyanuraat, 1,3.5"tris(k- tert-butyl~3~hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl)isocyanuraat, 2,4,6-tris(3.5” 5 di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyfenylethyl)-1,3.5"triazine, 1,3.5-tris(3,5"di-tert-butyl-^-hydroxyf enylpropionyl)hexahydro-1,3.5"triazine, 1,3.5" tris(3.5"dicyclohexyl-*1-hydroxybenzyl)isocyanuraat.
10. Fosfonaten en fosfonieten. bijvoorbeeld dimethyl-2,5_di-tert-butyl-*4-hydroxybenzylfosfonaat, diethyl-3.5"di”tert-butyl-4-hydroxy- 10 benzylfosfonaat, dioctadecyl-3.5"di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylfosfo-naat, dioctadecyl-5"tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-methylbenzylfosfonaat, het Ca-zout van de monoethylester van 3.5"di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl-fosfonzuur, tetrakis (2 ,*1-di-tert-butyl) -*l ,4'-bifenyleendifosfoniet, 6-isooctyloxy-2 ,*4,8.10-tetra-tert-butyl-12H-dibenz[d,g]-l,3,2-dioxa-15 fosfocine, 6-fluor-2,8,10-tetra-tert-butyl-12-methyl-dibenz[f, gj- 1.3.2- dioxafosfocine.
11. Acvlaminofenolen. b.v. *4-hydroxylaurinezuuranilide, *4- hydroxystearinezuuranilide, N-(3,5"di-tert-butyl-*l-hydroxyfenyl)- carbaminezuur-octylester.
20 12. Esters van B-R.5-di-tert-butvl-*4-hvdroxvfenvl)proDionzuur met een- of meerwaardige alcoholen, zoals b.v. met methanol, ethanol, octanol, octadecanol, 1,6-hexaandiol, 1,9-nonaandiol, ethyleenglycol, 1.2- propaandiol, neopentylglycol, thiodiethyleenglycol, diethyleergly-col, triethyleenglycol, pentaerythritol, tris(hydroxyethyl)isocyanu- 25 raat, N,N'-bis(hydroxyethyl)oxaalzuurdiamide, 3"thiaundecanol, 3~thia-pentadecanol, trimethylhexaandiol, trimethylolpropaan, *4-hydroxy-methyl-l-fosf a-2,6,7~trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octaan.
13. Esters van B- (5-tert-butvl-*4-hvdroxv-3-methvlfenvlΙργοριοπ-zuur met een- of meerwaardige alcoholen, zoals b.v. met methanol, 30 ethanol, octanol, octadecanol, 1,6-hexaandiol, 1,9-nonaandiol, ethyleenglycol, 1,2-propaandiol, neopentylglycol, thiodiethyleenglycol, diethyleenglycol, triethyleenglycol, pentaerythritol, tris-(hydroxyethyl)isocyanuraat. N,N'-bis(hydroxyethyl)oxaalzuurdiamide, 3" thiaundecanol, 3"thiapentadecanol, trimethylhexaandiol, trimethylol-35 propaan, i+-hydroxymethyl-l-fosfa-2,6,7“trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octaan.
1*4. Esters van B-(3.5-dic_vclohexvl-*4-hvdroxvfenvl Ipropionzuur met een- of meerwaardige alcoholen, zoals b.v. met methanol, ethanol, octanol, octadecanol, 1,6-hexaandiol, 1,9-nonaandiol, ethyleenglycol.
1 0071 21· 12 1,2-propaandlol, neopentylglycol, thiodiethyleenglycol, diethyleengly-col, triethyleenglycol, pentaerythritol, tris(hydroxyethyl)isocyanu-raat, N.N'-bis(hydroxyethyl)oxaalzuurdiamide, 3“thiaundecanol, 3-thia-pentadecanol, trimethylhexaandiol, trimethylolpropaan, 4-hydroxy-5 methyl-l-fosf a-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octaan.
15. Esters van 3.5-di-tert-butvl-4-hvdroxvfenvlaziinzuur met een- of meerwaardige alcoholen, zoals b.v. met methanol, ethanol, octanol, octadecanol, 1,6-hexaandiol, 1,9-nonaandiol, ethyleenglycol, 1,2-pro- paandiol, neopentylglycol, thiodiethyleenglycol, diethyleenglycol, 10 triethyleenglycol, pentaerythritol, tris(hydroxyethyl)isocyanuraat, N,N'-bis(hydroxyethyl)oxaalzuurdiamide, 3"thiaundecanol, 3-thiapenta-decanol, trimethylhexaandiol, trimethylolpropaan, ^-hydroxymethyl-l-fosf a-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octaan.
16. Amiden van B-(3.5-di-tert-butvl-*l-hvdroxvfenvl)propionzuur. 15 zoals b.v. N,N'-bis(3.5-di-tert-butyl-i)-hydroxyfenylpropionyl)hexa- methyleendiainine, N.N’-bis(3,5“di-tert-butyl-^-hydroxyfenylpropio-nyl)trimethyleendiamine, N,N'-bis (3.5"di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyfenylpro-pionyl)hydrazide.
17. Vitamine E (tocoferol) en derivaten 20 De antioxidantia die de voorkeur hebben zijn die uit de groepen 1- 5, 10 en 12, in het bijzonder 2,2-bis(^-hydroxyfenyl)propaan, 3.5~ di-tert-butyl-^-hydroxyfenylpropionaat met octanol, octadecanol of pentaerythritol of tris(2,A-di-tert-butylfenyl)fosfiet.
Indien toepasselijk kan ook een mengsel van antioxidantia met 25 verschillende structuren worden gebruikt.
De antioxidantia kunnen worden toegepast in een hoeveelheid van gewoonlijk 0,01 tot 10, gebruikelijk 0,1 tot 10 en bij voorkeur 0,1 tot 5 gewichtsdelen, gebaseerd op 100 gewichtsdelen PVC.
XIII. UV-absorptiemiddelen en licht-stabilisatoren: Illustratieve 30 voorbeelden hiervan zijn: 1. 2-(2’ -hydroxyfen.vl )benzotriazolen. zoals bijvoorbeeld 2- (2 ’ -hydroxy-5'-methylfenyl)benzotriazool, 2-(3',5'-di-tert-butyl-2'-hydro- xyfenyl)benzotriazool, 2-(5'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyfenyl)benzotriazool, 2- (2'-hydroxy-5'-(1,1,3,3“tetramethylbutyl)fenyl)benzotriazool, 2- 35 (3',5'-di-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyfenyl)"5-chloor-benzotriazool, 2-(3'- tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylfenyl)-5-chloor-benzotriazool, 2-(3’- sec-butyl-5’-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyfenyl)benzotriazool, 2-(2'-hydroxy- 4’-octoxyfenyl)benzotriazool, 2 - (3 ’ , 5’-di-tert-amyl-2'-hydroxy- 1007121« 13 f enyl)benzotriazool, 2-(3'.5'"bis-(a,a-dimethylbenzyl)-2'-hydroxy- fenyl)benzotriazool, mengsel van 2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2-octyloxycarbonylethyl)fenyl)-5-chloor-benzotriazool, 2-(3'-tert-butyl- 5' - [2- (2-ethylhexyloxy )carbonylethyl]-2' -hydroxyfenyl)-5_chloor-benzo-5 triazool, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2-methoxycarbonylethyl) - fenyl) -5-chloor-benzotriazool, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5' - (2- methoxycarbonylethyl)fenyl)benzotriazool, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxys’ -(2-octyloxycarbonylethyl)fenyl)benzotriazool, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-5'- [2-(2-ethylhexyloxy)carbonylethyl]-2'-hydroxyfenyl)benzotriazool, 2- 10 (3'-dodecyl-2’-hydroxy-5'-methylfenyl)benzotriazool en 2-(3'-tert- butyl-2 ' -hydroxy-5' - (2-isooctyloxycarbonylethyl) f enyl benzo triazool, 2,2' -methyleenbis[4- (1,1,3,3“tetramethylbutyl) -6-benztriazool-2-yl-fenol]; het omesteringsproduct van 2-[3'-tert-butyl-5'-(2-methoxy-carbonylethyl)-2'-hydroxyfenyl]benzotriazool met polyethyleenglycol 15 300; [RCH2CH2C00(CH2)3]2- met R = 3’-tert-butyl-4’ -hydroxy-5'-2H-benzo- triazool-2-ylfenyl.
2. 2-hvdroxvbenzofenonen. zoals bijvoorbeeld het 4-hydroxy-, 4-methoxy-, 4-octyloxy-, 4-decyloxy-, 4-dodecyloxy-, 4-benzyloxy-, 4,2',4-trihydroxy- en 2'-hydroxy-4,4'-dimethoxy-derivaat.
20 3. Esters van gesubstitueerde en ongesubstitueerde benzoëzuren.
zoals bijvoorbeeld 4-tert-butylfenylsalicylaat, fenylsalicylaat, octyl fenyl salicylaat, dibenzoylresorcinol, bis(4-tert-butylbenzoyl)-resorcinol, benzoylresorcinol, 3 < 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoëzuur- 2,4-di-tert-butylfenylester, 3«5~di~tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoëzuur-25 hexadecylester, 3.5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoëzuur-octadecylester, 3,5~di- tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoëzuur-2-methyl-4,6-di-tert-butyl fenyl-ester.
4. Acrvlaten. zoals bijvoorbeeld a-cyaan-fï.fi-difenylacrylzuur-ethylester resp. -isooctylester, a-carbomethoxykaneelzuur-methylester, 30 a-cyaan-p-methyl-p-methoxykaneelzuur-methylester resp. -butylester, a-carbomethoxy-p-methoxykaneelzuur-methylester en N-(ft-carbomethoxy-p-cyaanvinyl)-2-methylindoline.
5. Nikkelverbindingen. zoals bijvoorbeeld nikkelcomplexen van 2,2'-thiobis[4-(1,1,3,3"tetramethylbutyl)fenol], zoals het 1:1- of het 35 1:2-complex, eventueel met extra liganden, zoals n-butylamine, tri ethanolamine of N-cyclohexyldiethanolamine, nikkeldibutyldithiocarba-maat, nikkelzouten van de monoalkyl-esters, b.v. de methyl- of ethyl-ester, van 4-hydroxy-3.5”di-tert-butylbenzylfosfonzuur, nikkelcom- 10071 21·^ 14 plexen van ketoxims, zoals van 2-hydroxy-4-methylfenylundecylketoxim, nikkelcomplexen van l-fenyl-4-lauroyl-5-hydroxypyrazool, eventueel met extra liganden.
6. Oxamiden. zoals bijvoorbeeld 4,4'-dioctyloxyoxanilide, 2,2'-5 diethoxyoxanilide, 2,2’-dioctyloxy-5,5'~di‘tert-butyloxanilide, 2,2'- didodecyloxy-5,5'-di-tert-butyloxanilide, 2-ethoxy-2'-ethyloxanilide, N,N’-bis(3_dimethylaminopropyl)oxamide, 2-ethoxy-5~tert-butyl-2'-ethyloxanilide en het mengsel daarvan met 2-ethoxy-2'-ethyl-5,4’-di-tert-butyloxanilide, mengsels van o- en p-methoxy- alsmede van o- en 10 p-ethoxy-di-gesubstitueerde oxaniliden.
7. 2-(2-hvdroxvfenvl)-1. 3.5-triazinen. zoals bijvoorbeeld 2,4,6- tris(2-hydroxy-4-octyloxyfenyl)-1,3,5"triazine, 2-(2-hydroxy-4-octyl - oxyfenyl)-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylfenyl)-1,3.5~triazine, 2-(2,4-dihydroxy- fenyl)-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylfenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2,4-bis(2-hydroxy-4- 15 propyloxyfenyl)-6-(2,4-dimethylfenyl)-1,3.5~triazine, 2-{2-hydroxy-4- octyloxyfenyl) -4,6-bis (4-methylfer.yl )-1,3.5"triazine, 2-(2-hydroxy-4- dodecyloxyfenyl)-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylfenyl)-1,3.5~triazine, 2-(2-hy- droxy-4-tridecyloxyfenyl)-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylfenyl)-1,3.5~triazine, 2-[2-hydroxy-4-{2-hydroxy-3~butyloxypropyloxy)fenyl]-4,6-bis(2,4-di-20 methyl )-1,3.5~triazine, 2-[2-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxy~3-octyloxypropyl- oxy)fenyl]-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylfenyl)-1,3,5"triazine, 2-[4-(dodecyl- oxy / tridecy loxy- 2 -hydroxypropoxy) -2-hydroxy fenyl ]-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylfenyl )-1,3.5-triazine.
XIV. Blaasmiddelen: Blaasmiddelen zijn bijvoorbeeld organische 25 azo- en hydrazo-verbindingen, tetrazolen, oxazinen, isatoïnezuur-anhydride, alsook natriumcarbonaat en natriumwaterstofcarbonaat. Azo-dicarbonamide en natriumwaterstofcarbonaat, en de mengsels daarvan, hebben de voorkeur.
Definities en voorbeelden van middelen voor het verbeteren van de 30 slagvastheid en verwerkingshulpmiddelen, geleermiddelen, antistatische middelen, biociden, metaal-desactivatoren, fluorescerende bleekmiddelen, vlamwerende middelen en antifogging-middelen worden beschreven in "Kunststoffadditive" R. Gachter/H. Müller, Carl Hanser Verlag, derde druk, 1989. en in "Handbook of Polyvinyl Chloride Formulating", E.J. 35 Wilson, J. Wiley & Sons, 1993- Middelen voor het verbeteren van de slagvastheid worden ook gedetailleerd beschreven in "Impact Modifiers for PVC", J.T. Lutz/D.L. Dunkelberger, John Wiley & Sons, 1992.
Kenmerkende voorbeelden van de te stabiliseren hard PVC-materia- 1007 1 - i ·* 15 len zijn: polymeren van vinylchloride, vinylharsen die vinylchloride-eenheden in hun structuur bevatten, zoals copolymeren van vinylchloride en vinylesters van alifatische zuren, bij voorkeur vinylacetaat, copolymeren van vinylchloride met esters van acrylzuur en methacryl-5 zuur en met acrylonitril, copolymeren van vinylchloride met dieen-verbindingen en onverzadigde dicarbonzuren of de anhydriden daarvan, zoals copolymeren van vinylchloride met diethylmaleaat, diethylfuma-raat of maleïnezuuranhydride, achteraf gechloreerde polymeren en copolymeren van vinylchloride, copolymeren van vinylchloride en vi-10 nylideenchloride met onverzadigde aldehyden, ketonen en andere verbindingen, zoals acroleïne, crotonaldehyd, vinylmethylketon, vinylmethyl-ether, vinylisobutylether en dergelijke; polymeren van vinylideen-chloride en copolymeren daarvan met vinylchloride en andere polymeri-seerbare verbindingen; polymeren van vinylchlooracetaat en dichloor-15 vinylether; gechloreerde polymeren van vinylacetaat, gechloreerde polymeeresters van acrylzuur en van alfa-gesubstitueerd acrylzuur; polymeren vein gechloreerde styrenen, bijvoorbeeld dichloorstyreen; gechloreerde rubbers; gechloreerde polymeren van etheen; polymeren en achteraf gechloreerde polymeren van chloorbutadieen en de copolymeren 20 daarvan met vinylchloride, rubber-hydrochloride en gechloreerd rubber-hydrochloride; alsook mengsels van de genoemde polymeren met elkaar of met andere polymeriseerbare verbindingen.
Deze materialen omvatten ook entpolymeren van PVC met EVA, ABS en MBS. Tevens hebben mengsels van de bovengenoemde homo- en copolymeren, 25 bij voorkeur vinylchloride-homopolymeren, met andere thermoplastische of/en elastomere polymeren, in het bijzonder mengsels met ABS, MBS, NBR, SAN, EVA, CPE, MBAS, PMA, PMMA, EPDM en polylactonen, de voorkeur.
Illustratieve voorbeelden van dergelijke componenten A zijn sa-30 menstellingen die bestaan uit (i) 20-80 gewichtsdelen van een vinyl-chloride-homopolymeer (PVC) en (ii) 80-20 gewichtsdelen van ten minste een thermoplastisch copolymeer op basis van styreen en acrylonitril, bij voorkeur uit de ABS-, NBR-, NAR-, SAN- en EVA-groep. De afkortingen die worden gebruikt voor de copolymeren zijn bekend bij een 35 deskundige en betekenen: ABS: acrylonitril/butadieen/styreen; SAN: styreen/acrylonitril; NBR: acrylonitril/butadieen; NAR: acrylo- nitril/acrylaat; EVA: etheen/vinylacetaat. Ook zijn styreen/acrylo- nitril-copolymeren op basis van acrylaat (ASA) in het bijzonder ge- 10071 21·* 16 schikt. In dit verband zijn de componenten A bij voorkeur polymeer-samenstellingen die als componenten (i) en (ii) een mengsel van 25"75 gev.% PVC en 75"25 gew.# van de genoemde copolymeren omvatten. Kenmerkende voorbeelden van dergelijke samenstellingen zijn: 25~50 gew.% PVC 5 en 75"50 gevi.% copolymeren of 40-75 gew.Ji PVC en 60-25 gew.# copolymeren. Copolymeren die de voorkeur hebben zijn ABS, SAN en gemodificeerd EVA, bij voorkeur ABS. NBR, NAR en EVA zijn ook bijzonder geschikt. In de nieuwe samenstellingen kunnen een of meer van de genoemde copolymeren aanwezig zijn. Bijzonder belangrijke componenten A zijn 10 samenstellingen die (i) 100 gewichtsdelen PVC en (ii) 0-300 gewichts-delen ABS en/of met SAN gemodificeerd ABS en 0-80 gewichtsdelen van de copolymeren NBRm NAR en/of EVA, bij voorkeur EVA, bevatten.
Andere geschikte verbindingen die gebruikt kunnen worden voor de stabilisatie in het kader van deze uitvinding zijn bij voorkeur ook 15 hergebruikte producten van chloor-bevattende polymeren, hetgeen de polymeren zijn die hiervoor meer gedetailleerd zijn beschreven en die zijn beschadigd tijdens de verwerking, het gebruik of de opslag. Hergebruikt PVC heeft bijzondere voorkeur. De hergebruikte producten kunnen tevens kleine hoeveelheden ander materiaal, zoals papier, pig-20 menten en lijm, die vaak moeilijk te verwijderen zijn, bevatten. Deze vreemde materialen kunnen ook afkomstig zijn van het contact met verschillende stoffen tijdens het gebruik of de verwerking, zoals brand-stofresten, verfcomponenten, metaalsporen en initiatorresten.
De nieuwe stabilisatie is in het bijzonder voordelig in het geval 25 van PVC-formuleringen die gewoonlijk worden gebruikt voor leidingen. Het stabiliseren kan worden uitgevoerd zonder zware metaalverbindingen (Sn-, Pb-, Zn-stabilisatoren). Deze eigenschap is van voordeel op bepaalde gebieden, omdat zware metalen - met de mogelijke uitzondering van zink - vanwege ecologische redenen vaak ongewenst zijn bij de 30 productie en tevens bij de toepassingen van bepaalde voorwerpen van PVC.
Deze uitvinding heeft tevens betrekking op een werkwijze voor het stabiliseren van hard of semi-hard PVC, die het daaraan toevoegen van ten minste een verbinding met de formule I bij afwezigheid van verbin-35 dingen uit de groepen perchloraat-verbindingen, glycidylverbindingen, beta-diketonen, beta-keto-esters, dihydropyridinen, polydihydropyridi-nen, polyolen, disaccharide-alcoholen, sterisch gehinderde aminen (tetra-alkylpiperidine-verbindingen), alkalimetaalalumosilikaten (zeo- 10071 21»· 17 lieten), hydrotalcieten, alkalimetaalalumocarbonaten (dawsonieten) omvat.
Het opnemen van de stabilisatoren gebeurt gewoonlijk aan de hand van de volgende werkwijzen: 5 - als emulsie of dispersie (een mogelijke vorm is die van een pasta-achtig mengsel. In het geval van deze vorm bestaat een voordeel van de nieuwe combinatie uit de stabiliteit van de pasta.); - als droog mengsel tijdens het mengen van de toevoegsel-compo-nenten of polymeermengsels; 10 - door directe toevoeging aan de verwerkingsinrichting (b.v.
kalander, menger, kneedinrichting, extrudeerinrichting en dergelijke) of - als oplossing of smelt.
Het PVC dat is gestabiliseerd volgens deze uitvinding, hetgeen 15 tevens een onderwerp van deze uitvinding is, kan worden bereid op een wijze die als zodanig bekend is, door het mengen van de nieuwe stabi-lisator-combinatie en eventueel verdere toevoegsels met PVC met behulp van als zodanig bekende inrichtingen zoals de hiervoor vermelde verwerkingsinrichting. De stabilisatoren kunnen afzonderlijk of als meng-20 sel of tevens in de vorm van een stamsamenstelling worden toegevoegd.
Het PVC dat is gestabiliseerd volgens deze uitvinding kan aan de hand van bekende werkwijzen in de gewenste vorm worden gebracht. Dergelijke werkwijzen zijn bijvoorbeeld malen, kalanderen, extruderen, spuitgieten of spinnen en tevens extrusie-blaasgieten. Het gestabili-25 seerde PVC kan tevens tot schuimen worden verwerkt.
Het volgens deze uitvinding gestabiliseerde harde PVC is bijzonder geschikt voor b.v. holle voorwerpen (flessen), verpakkingsfoelies (thermoform-foelies), geblazen foelies, pijpen, schuimen, zware profielen (raamkozijnen), lichte wandprofielen, bouwprofielen, beschie-30 tingen, armaturen, kantoorfoelies en apparatuurbehuizingen (computer, huishoudapparaten).
Gevormde voortbrengsels van harde PVC-schuim en PVC-pijpen hebben de voorkeur, zoals voor drinkwater of afvalwater, drukleidingen, gasleidingen, kabelgootbuizen en kabelbekledingsbuizen, pijpen voor in-35 dustriële leidingen, afvoerleidingen, bodemleidingen, dakpijpen en drainageleidingen. Verdere details kunnen worden gevonden in "Kunststof fhandbuch PVC", deel 2/2, W. Becker/H. Braun, tweede druk, 1985. Carl Hanser Verlag, bladzijden 1236-1277· 1007121*· 18
De verbindingen met de formule I worden bereid aan de hand van bekende werkwijzen, die meer gedetailleerd in de volgende voorbeelden worden toegelicht. Daar hebben, net als in de rest van de tekst, delen en percentages, tenzij anders aangegeven, betrekking op het gewicht.
5
Voorbeeld I. Bereiding van 6-amino-l ,3~dimethyluracil 0
*sA
10 \ |l (Vb. I) ch3 22*1,8 g N.N'-dimethylureum 15 238,7 g cyaanazijnzuur en 310,9 g azijnzuuranhydride worden onder roeren en onder stikstof op 8Q°C verwarmd. Dit mengsel wordt 2 uur bij 80°C geroerd en wordt geëvacueerd op 50 mbar, waarbij het azijnzuur wordt afgedestilleerd. Na afkoelen van dit mengsel op 20 35°C wordt 25Ο g ijswater toegevoegd. Dit mengsel wordt 10 minuten geroerd en vervolgens wordt, onder koelen met ijs, druppelsgewijs 567 g van een 15¾ natriumhydroxide-oplossing toegevoegd. Tot *175 “1 stijgt de pH niet boven 7· Als pH 7 wordt overschreden verandert het precipi-taat en warmt het mengsel op van 23 naar ongeveer 50°C, waarbij de pH 25 dan 10,2 is. Na het toevoegen van 200 g water wordt het mengsel nog 10 minuten geroerd en onder terugvloeikoeling gekookt. Na een uur koken onder terugvloeikoeling wordt het mengsel afgekoeld op 20°C en onderworpen aan afzuigfiltratie. De filterkoek wordt gewassen met 2 x 100 g koud water en daarna bij 90°C in een vacuumdroogoven gedroogd.
30 Opbrengst: 33^ g (86,1¾ van de theorie), smp.: 282°C.
10071 21«! 19
Voorbeeld II. Bereiding van 6-fenylamino-l,3"dimethyluracil
O
H3°v /Xo- ch3 10 Een mengsel van 39.1 g aniline en 2*4,5 g 1,3-dimethylbarbituur- zuurchloride wordt, onder roeren, 15 minuten bij 190°C in een drie-hals-inrichting van 100 ml onder terugvloeikoeling gekookt. Dit mengsel wordt afgekoeld op kamertemperatuur en vervolgens wordt 300 ml water toegevoegd. Onder roeren vormt zich een lichtblauw precipitaat, 15 dat vervolgens door middel van afzuiging wordt verzameld, met ether wordt gewassen en daarna wordt gedroogd tot het gewicht constant is.
Herkristallisatie uit dichloormethaan/geactiveerde koolstof geeft een kleurloos product, dat vervolgens wordt gedroogd.
Opbrengst: 22,5 g (69.5% van de theorie), smp.: 190°C.
20
Voorbeeld III: Statische verhittingstest
Een droog mengsel, dat bestaat uit de bestanddelen die werden vermeld in de volgende productie-parameters, wordt 5 minuten bij l80°C 25 op een mengwals gewalst. Teststukken van de foelie van 0,3 mm worden van het aldus verkregen gewalste vel genomen. De foeliemonsters worden bij l80°C in een oven aan thermische spanning onderworpen. De geel-heidsindex (YI) wordt volgens ASTM D-1925-70 met intervallen van 5 of 10 minuten bepaald. De resultaten worden gegeven in de volgende tabel-30 len. Lage YI-waarden duiden op een goede stabilisatie.
Mengsel I Mengsel II
S-PVC (K-waarde 6*0 100 100 geëpoxydeerde sojaboonolie 2 2 35 verbinding Vb. I - 0,*4 1007121· 20
Duur van de spanning [min] 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 YI (mengsel I) 24,9 86,9 >100 5 YI (mengsel II) 3.1 9,4 18,0 27.4 44,0 73.5 >100
Mengsel III
S-PVC (K-waarde 64) 100 calciumstearaat 0,35 10 zinkstearaat 0,15 geëpoxydeerde sojaboonolie 4 was 368 (esterwas) 0,6 gedeeltelijk geoxideerde polyetheenwas 0,1 verwerkingshulpmiddel op basis van acrylaat 0,5 15 middel voor het verbeteren van de slagvastheid 8 verbinding Vb. I 0,6
Duur van de spanning (min) 0 10 20 30 40 50 20 YI (mengsel III) 9,3 11.0 17.9 26,0 37,1 59,8
Mengsel IV Mengsel V
S-PVC (K-waarde 64) 100 100 geëpoxydeerde sojaboonolie 2 2 25 verbinding Vb. II - 0,6
Duur van de spanning [min] 0 10 20 YI (mengsel IV) 13.1 73.6 >100 30 YI (mengsel V) 4,2 18,9 53.7
Mengsel VI
S-PVC (K-waarde 64) 100 calciumstearaat 0,35 35 zinkstearaat 0,15 geëpoxydeerde sojaboonolie 4 was 368 (esterwas) 0,6 gedeeltelijk geoxideerde polyetheenwas 0,1 verwerkingshulpmiddel op basis van acrylaat 0,5 40 middel voor het verbeteren van de slagvastheid 8 verbinding Vb. II 0,6 10071 21“· 21
Duur van de spanning (min) O 10 20 30 40 50 YI (mengsel VI) 7.3 H.9 22,1 62,4 87,0 >100 5 -
Mengsel VII
S-PVC (K-waarde 64) 100 geëpoxydeerde sojaboonolie 3 calciumstearaat 0,35 10 zinkstearaat 0,15 verbinding Vb. I 0,3
Duur van de spanning (min) 0 10 20 30 40 50 15 YI (mengsel VII) 5,2 7.1 8,4 15.8 3^.5 60,4
Mengsel VIII Mengsel IX
S-PVC (K-waarde 64) 100 100 geëpoxydeerde sojaboonolie 2 2 20 verbinding Vb. I - 0,4
Duur van de spanning [min] 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 YI (mengsel VIII) 48,6 115 173,9 25 YI (mengsel IX) 7.0 13.4 24,1 32,3 52,5 79,4 >100 1007121«
Claims (1)
- 2 S Li.______ 0 “ ui Algemene informatie over dit aanhangsel is gepubliceerd in de Official Journal' van het Europees Octrooibureau nr 12/82 blz 448 ev
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| NL1007121A NL1007121C2 (nl) | 1996-09-25 | 1997-09-25 | Hard PVC, gestabiliseerd met N,N-dimethyl-6-aminouracillen. |
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-
1997
- 1997-09-12 MY MYPI97004236A patent/MY114466A/en unknown
- 1997-09-16 DK DK106297A patent/DK106297A/da not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-09-18 AU AU38345/97A patent/AU715135B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1997-09-19 FI FI973734A patent/FI973734A7/fi unknown
- 1997-09-22 DE DE19741778A patent/DE19741778A1/de not_active Ceased
- 1997-09-22 US US08/934,986 patent/US5859100A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-09-22 ES ES009701977A patent/ES2131017B1/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-09-23 SE SE9703423A patent/SE9703423L/xx unknown
- 1997-09-23 ZA ZA9708531A patent/ZA978531B/xx unknown
- 1997-09-23 BE BE9700771A patent/BE1011371A3/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-09-23 TW TW086113802A patent/TW404964B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-09-23 FR FR9711792A patent/FR2753709B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-09-23 KR KR1019970048183A patent/KR19980024864A/ko not_active Ceased
- 1997-09-23 GB GB9720124A patent/GB2318118B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-09-23 CA CA002216141A patent/CA2216141A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-09-24 IT IT97MI002161A patent/IT1295058B1/it active IP Right Grant
- 1997-09-24 NO NO19974416A patent/NO315165B1/no unknown
- 1997-09-24 BR BR9704856A patent/BR9704856A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-09-24 AT AT0162497A patent/AT407395B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-09-25 NL NL1007121A patent/NL1007121C2/nl not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-09-25 JP JP9299289A patent/JPH10158454A/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BE687294A (nl) * | 1966-02-12 | 1967-03-01 | ||
| FR2010134A1 (nl) * | 1968-06-04 | 1970-02-13 | Asahi Chemical Ind | |
| EP0041479A1 (de) * | 1980-06-02 | 1981-12-09 | Ciba-Geigy Ag | Mit Amino-thiouracilen stabilisierte chlorhaltige Thermoplasten |
| EP0065934A1 (de) * | 1981-05-26 | 1982-12-01 | Ciba-Geigy Ag | Mit Aminouracilen stabilisierte chlorhaltige Thermoplaste |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU3834597A (en) | 1998-04-02 |
| NO974416D0 (no) | 1997-09-24 |
| NO974416L (no) | 1998-03-26 |
| BR9704856A (pt) | 1998-12-29 |
| GB9720124D0 (en) | 1997-11-19 |
| AT407395B (de) | 2001-02-26 |
| NL1007121A1 (nl) | 1998-03-31 |
| JPH10158454A (ja) | 1998-06-16 |
| MX9707314A (es) | 1998-08-30 |
| FI973734A7 (fi) | 1998-03-26 |
| FI973734A0 (fi) | 1997-09-19 |
| DK106297A (da) | 1998-03-26 |
| SE9703423D0 (sv) | 1997-09-23 |
| ATA162497A (de) | 2000-07-15 |
| ES2131017B1 (es) | 2000-03-01 |
| CA2216141A1 (en) | 1998-03-25 |
| US5859100A (en) | 1999-01-12 |
| ES2131017A1 (es) | 1999-07-01 |
| GB2318118B (en) | 2000-12-27 |
| AU715135B2 (en) | 2000-01-20 |
| DE19741778A1 (de) | 1998-03-26 |
| IT1295058B1 (it) | 1999-04-27 |
| ZA978531B (en) | 1998-03-25 |
| FR2753709A1 (fr) | 1998-03-27 |
| GB2318118A (en) | 1998-04-15 |
| BE1011371A3 (fr) | 1999-08-03 |
| KR19980024864A (ko) | 1998-07-06 |
| SE9703423L (sv) | 1998-03-26 |
| MY114466A (en) | 2002-10-31 |
| NO315165B1 (no) | 2003-07-21 |
| FR2753709B1 (fr) | 1998-11-27 |
| TW404964B (en) | 2000-09-11 |
| ITMI972161A1 (it) | 1999-03-24 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| AD1B | A search report has been drawn up | ||
| PD2B | A search report has been drawn up | ||
| SD | Assignments of patents |
Owner name: WILCO VINYL ADDITIVES GMBH |
|
| TD | Modifications of names of proprietors of patents |
Owner name: CROMPTON VINYL ADDITIVES GMBH Owner name: CK WITCO VINYL ADDITIVES GMBH |
|
| VD1 | Lapsed due to non-payment of the annual fee |
Effective date: 20040401 |