KR880011035A - 은 피복된 인성 및/또는 곡면 유리시이트 및 그 제조방법과 그의적용 - Google Patents

은 피복된 인성 및/또는 곡면 유리시이트 및 그 제조방법과 그의적용 Download PDF

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KR880011035A
KR880011035A KR1019880002678A KR880002678A KR880011035A KR 880011035 A KR880011035 A KR 880011035A KR 1019880002678 A KR1019880002678 A KR 1019880002678A KR 880002678 A KR880002678 A KR 880002678A KR 880011035 A KR880011035 A KR 880011035A
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coating
silver
glass
antireflective
glass substrate
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KR1019880002678A
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그로트 롤프
파울 토마스
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원본 미기재
플라흐글라스 악티엔게젤샤프트
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Publication of KR880011035A publication Critical patent/KR880011035A/ko

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C21/00—Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals in the surface
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
    • C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
    • C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
    • C03C17/3605—Coatings of the type glass/metal/inorganic compound
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
    • B32B17/1022—Metallic coatings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10761—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
    • C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
    • C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
    • C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
    • C03C17/3613—Coatings of type glass/inorganic compound/metal/inorganic compound/metal/other
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
    • C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
    • C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
    • C03C17/3615—Coatings of the type glass/metal/other inorganic layers, at least one layer being non-metallic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
    • C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
    • C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
    • C03C17/3618—Coatings of type glass/inorganic compound/other inorganic layers, at least one layer being metallic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
    • C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
    • C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
    • C03C17/3644—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer the metal being silver
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
    • C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
    • C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
    • C03C17/3652—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer the coating stack containing at least one sacrificial layer to protect the metal from oxidation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
    • C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
    • C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
    • C03C17/3657—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer the multilayer coating having optical properties
    • C03C17/366—Low-emissivity or solar control coatings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
    • C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
    • C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
    • C03C17/3681—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer the multilayer coating being used in glazing, e.g. windows or windscreens
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
    • C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
    • C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
    • C03C17/3689—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer one oxide layer being obtained by oxidation of a metallic layer
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
    • C03C2217/70—Properties of coatings
    • C03C2217/73—Anti-reflective coatings with specific characteristics

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Surface Treatment Of Glass (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)

Abstract

내용 없음

Description

은 피복된 인성 및/또는 곡면 유리시이트 및 그 제조방법과 그의 적용
본 내용은 요부공개 건이므로 전문내용을 수록하지 않았음
제1도는 본 발명에 따른 방법으로 제조될 수 있는 유리시이트의 제1 실시예의 구체예로서 시이트면의 수직단면도.
제2도는 제1도의 변경 실시예의 구체예로서 시이트면의 수직 단면도.
제3도는 제1도 및 제2도의 변경 실시예의 또다른 유리시이트의 구체예로서 시이트면의 수직 단면도.

Claims (20)

  1. 투명유리기판의 적어도 한측상에 은 피복 및 유리기판으로부터 떨어져 마주하는 그 측상에 금속산화물로 된 적어도 하나의 반사 방지피복이 적용되며 열 인성 및/또는 휨 공정이 580℃내지 680℃, 바람직하게는 600℃내지 650℃ 온도에서 실행되는 소오다 석회 실리케이트 유리로 제조된 인성 및/또는 곡면 적외선 반사 유리시이트의 제조방법에 있어서, 필수적으로 평유리기판상에 적어도 하나의 은 피복과 금속 또는 금속합금으로 제조된 외부피복이 적용되고 이후 인성 및 또는 휨 공정이 실행되어, 외부 피복이 부피증가와 더불어 1.7이상의 굴절율을 지니는 반사 방지피복의 적어도 한 부분을 형성하는 필수적으로 흡착없는 금속 산화물 피복으로 변화되는 것을 특징으로 하는 인성 및/또는 곡면, 적외선반사 유리시이트의 제조방법.
  2. 제1항에 있어서, 외부 피복이 적어도 5nm의 두께로 적용되는 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.
  3. 제1항 또는 제2항에 있어서, 외부 피복용으로 산화후 굴절율이 적어도 2.0인 물질이 사용되는 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.
  4. 제1항 내지 제3항중 어느하나에 있어서, 주석, 아연, 세륨, 지르코늄, 비스무스, 하프늄, 알루미늄, 인듐, 티탄, 탄탈 또는 이들 금속의 합금이 외부피복용 물질로서 사용되는 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.
  5. 제4항에 있어서, 티탄, 탄탈 또는 이들 금속의 합금이 외부 피복용 물질로서 사용되는 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.
  6. 제1항 내지 제5항중 어느하나에 있어서, 적어도 2nm두께의 적어도 하나의 중간피복이 외부 피복의 적용전에 은 피복상에 적용되는 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.
  7. 제6항에 있어서, 중간피복이 금속 산화물 피복으로서 적용되는 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.
  8. 제7항에 있어서, 중간피복이 1.7이상의 굴절율을 지닌 적어도 8nm두께로 적용되어서 외부피복과 함께 그것은 그 산화후 반사 방지 피복으로서 작용하게 되는 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.
  9. 제1항 내지 8항중 어느하나에 있어서, 유리기판으로부터 떨어져 마주하는 측상에 은 피복과 인접하는 반사방지 피복이 산화후 20nm내지 70nm의 총 두께로 제조하는 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.
  10. 제9항에 있어서, 유리기판으로부터 떨어져 마주하는 측상에 은 피복과 인접하는 반사방지 피복이 산화후 30nm내지 60nm의 총두께로 제조되는 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.
  11. 제1항 내지 제10항중 어느하나에 있어서, 굴절율1.7이상, 바람직하게는 총두께 20-70nm을 지니는 적어도 하나의 금속산화물 반사방지 피복이 은 피복 적용전에 유리기판상에 적용되는 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.
  12. 제11항에 있어서, 유리기판과 은 피복 사이의 피복이 30-60nm의 총두께로 제조되는 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.
  13. 제1항 내지 제12항중 어느하나에 있어서, 은 피복이 5내지 30nm의 두께로 적용되는 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.
  14. 제1항 내지 제13항중 어느 하나에 있어서, 니켈과, 같은 적어도 하나의 다른 금속이 피복성 향상시키기 위하여 소량으로 은 피복을 제조하기 위한 개시물질에 첨가되는 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.
  15. 제1항 내지 제14항중 어느 하나에 있어서, 부착강도를 향상시키는 금속 또는 금속 합금으로 제조된 얇은 부가적 피복이 적어도 은 피복의 한측면에 배치되는 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.
  16. 제15항에 있어서, 크롬, 니켈 , 티탄, 또는 이들 금속의 합금이 부가적 피복을위하여 사용되는것을 특징으로 하는 방법.
  17. 제1항 내지 제16항중 어느하나에 있어서, 유리기판의 피복이 진공피복, 특히 마그네트론 음극 스퍼터링에 의하여 실행되는 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.
  18. 제1항 내지 제17항중의 어느하나에 따른 방법을 사용하여 제조된 유리시이트.
  19. 라미네이션 필름에 인접한 피복을 지니고, 그 피복이 유리측상에 적어도 하나의 반사방지피복, 하나의 은 피복과 금속 산화물 중간 피복 및 Tio2, Ta205또는 이들 산화물의 혼합물로 이루어 진 외부 피복으로된 하나의 외부 반사방지 피복을 지니는 것을 특징으로 하는 적층 유리판으로서, 특히 자동차 창유리용 개별 시이트로서 제18항에 따른 유리시이트의 사용.
  20. 피복이 유리측상에 적어도 하나의 반사방지 피복, 하나의 은 피복 및 Ta2O5로 된 외부 반사방지 피복을 지니는 것을 특징으로 하는 빌딩창유리용 절연 유리단위에서 개별 시이트로서 제18항에 따른 유리시이트의 사용.
    ※ 참고사항 :최초출원 내용에 의하여 공개하는 것임.
KR1019880002678A 1987-03-13 1988-03-14 은 피복된 인성 및/또는 곡면 유리시이트 및 그 제조방법과 그의적용 KR880011035A (ko)

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DEP3708256.6 1987-03-13
DE3708256 1987-03-13
DEP3716860.6-45 1987-05-20
DE19873716860 DE3716860A1 (de) 1987-03-13 1987-05-20 Verfahren zum herstellen einer vorgespannten und/oder gebogenen glasscheibe mit silberschicht, danach hergestellte glasscheibe sowie deren verwendung

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EP0281894A2 (de) 1988-09-14
BR8801107A (pt) 1988-10-18
MX167612B (es) 1993-03-30
AU597800B2 (en) 1990-06-07
US4995895A (en) 1991-02-26
FI91744C (fi) 1994-08-10
EP0281894A3 (en) 1989-08-16
DE3716860C2 (ko) 1989-12-07
FI91744B (fi) 1994-04-29
FI881139A (fi) 1988-09-14
DE3716860A1 (de) 1988-09-22
AU1268388A (en) 1988-09-15
FI881139A0 (fi) 1988-03-10
EP0281894B1 (de) 1992-12-09
JP2775629B2 (ja) 1998-07-16
DE3876462D1 (de) 1993-01-21
JPS63248741A (ja) 1988-10-17

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