KR20120087142A - Pellet press for producing pellets - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a pelletizing press for producing pellets (10), comprising at least one die having a plurality of holes (13) in the pelletizing press (3) for compressing the biomass (1). 4), there is at least one roll 5 rolling on the die 4 and at least one drive device for the die 4 and / or roll 5. It is an object of the present invention to produce pelletizing presses which facilitate the replacement of a die with spare parts or which can at least eliminate partial wear or local damage of the die with a possible effect. The invention consists of at least two die segments 7, 7 ′,... Arranged as a die 4, wherein at least one support device 9 comprises die segments 7 with respect to the roll 5. , 7 ′,..., And the support device 9 opens at least one opening 8 for the pellets 10 ejected from the holes 13 in the die 4 to be penetrated. Have

Description

Pelletizing press for producing pellets {PELLET PRESS FOR PRODUCING PELLETS}

The present invention relates to a pelletizing press for producing pellets according to the preamble of claim 1.

It is already known to produce pellets, also referred to as granules, from micromaterials or pressed and / or molten materials. Preferably the production of pellets or wood pellets from chopped biomass, such as wood chips, sawdust and the like, is also already well known and in particular spread in the field of renewable energy sources as pioneering techniques for climate protection in Europe. . Typically, chip material from the wood processing industry is used as raw material, but wood types or waste materials that are not reusable in the freshly cut timber or wood processing industry may also be used. It is desirable to use a pollution-free base material on the market for wood pellets for supplying small furnace installations in single-family homes or multi-family homes. However, block power plants or special high temperature furnace equipment (combined power plants) for generating heat and / or obtaining electrical energy also have small amounts of pollution-bearing material (particle boards with or without coatings or lacquers or medium density). Pellets made of fiberboard) can also be burned cleanly.

Wood pellets are typically produced in a so-called pelletizing press, in which the material to be compacted is pressed through the bore holes of the matrix by movable and / or active rolling rollers, also referred to as pan grinder rollers. The material (biomass) is shaped by bore holes and discharged as strands from the bore holes. Boreholes are understood as all openings that are preferably implemented as essentially cylindrical and are arranged in a matrix to feed and form through the material. In addition, the boreholes may have larger blowing areas (concave portions) to enhance the compression procedure and may have hardened or hardened sleeves in the boreholes. In the area of the matrix a distinction is made between the plate matrix and the ring matrix. The rollers rotate externally or internally around the ring matrices, plate matrices for compaction, and the fan grinder rollers roll cyclically (mill construction) or linearly inverted. The invention preferably relates to planar matrices of linear structure, but can also optionally be used also with ring matrices. The possibility for the post-treatment of the pellets (cutting, cooling, storing, transporting the strands) or for the preparation and dispersion of the biomass need not be explained in more detail. Reference may be made to the prior art in this regard.

Meanwhile, due to globally recognized climate warming, the industry is being forced to accelerate and reduce the cost of large-scale industrial manufacture of wood pellets. The main wear part of the pelletizing press is the matrix itself. Due to the pressurization and compaction of the biomass on the walls of the bore holes, high coefficients of friction and pressures occur, which corrode the matrix bore holes and expand them over time. At the same time, it may occur that during the supply of biomass, high density elements such as rocks, metal fragments, etc. reach the flat matrix and are pressed into the matrix by rolling rollers. Distortions of the surface of the matrix or worn areas of the bore holes occur, which in turn results in irregular compaction of the residual layer of biomass on the rolling surface of the matrix, because the biomass of the residual layer disturbs the rolling surface This is because it can no longer flow freely in all directions. A corrugated residual layer occurs, which can result in enormous mechanical-dynamic oscillations of the pelletizing press. However, also dense coagulations of biomass are formed, which in turn causes additional damage to the rolling surface of the matrix and / or causes increased wear during drilling of the bore holes. In extreme cases, defective rolling surfaces will also result in "knocking" or "banging" of the rollers, which, in particular, for pelletizing presses, but also in particular for rollers and matrices. It is also harmful overall.

However, due to the manufacturing characteristics, damage or wear of the matrix cannot be prevented from occurring over a certain period of manufacturing time. Reconditioning of the matrix itself may lead to reconditioning, such as polishing / planarizing the entire matrix, deposit welding in the case of recesses, or drilling out local damage or bore holes and inserting closures or sleeves. Can be performed by a plurality of types. However, since the damage is relatively locally limited, it is not recommended to remove the entire matrix with the pelletizing press from manufacture for reconditioning. In particular, if the storage bunkers are full or direct manufacture of pellets is made without storage functions, the treatment of the biomass may have to be stopped for this purpose. In addition, it may not be possible to keep the entire matrix inverted due to plant and economic reasons, as this is usually between the most expensive mechanical elements of the pelletizing press and unnecessarily capitalized during the waiting time for possible use. Because it stagnates.

An object of the present invention is the pelletization of the type described above for the production of pellets, which makes it possible to heal partial wear or local damage on the matrix with minimal possible expenditure or to significantly facilitate the replacement of the matrix with the replacement part. Providing a press.

The achievement of the object for the pelletizing press is that at least two matrix segments are arranged as a matrix, at least one support device is arranged to support the matrix segments with respect to the roller, the support device through pellets deviating from the bore holes of the matrix. It has at least one passage for supply.

A matrix of high quality material, with the lowest possible thickness, can be advantageously implemented, and above all consists of a plurality of parts. By dividing the matrix or rolling surface into a plurality of parts, complicated devices and corresponding equipment expenses for removing the complete matrix can be eliminated. For example, if the matrix is divided into four, access to the manufacturing chamber of approximately 55 to 60 ° is sufficient to withdraw the matrix of the pelletizing press from it and replace it with a new one. The removal of drives, shafts or other mechanical elements can be avoided as much as possible. It is desirable for quick release fasteners to be provided for the matrix segments to further accelerate the replacement. In the present invention it is assumed that within the length of the bore holes of the matrix, the biomass can be sufficiently compressed and have the necessary strength and consistency after leaving the bore holes. By means of the support device, it is ensured that the deflection of the matrix remains within the controllable range and that there is no result in operation during pelletization. Thus, the matrix is preferred because it can be made of a high strength, in particular low wear material. In addition, cured materials can be accommodated. Matrices that tend to be brittle or tend to fatigue fracture can be supported on the support device using an intermediate layer, which results in excellent attenuation with respect to harmful oscillations. In addition, it is advantageous that local damage to the matrix can be easily replaced, one matrix segment being removed from the matrix, and that new or reconditioned used matrix segments can be quickly reinserted. Thus, the downtime of the pelletizing press is kept low, and interfering shutdowns do not necessarily have to be accommodated during maintenance or repair of locally damaged matrix segments.

In this extension of the purpose, in the case of a multipart matrix of a pelletizing press, the rolling of the roller on the joining edges of the matrix segment is improved, and / or the pelletizing press has a different quality with uniform quality of the rolling surface. Matrix segments of heights can be used.

In addition, the teachings of the present invention disclose the use of very hard or even brittle materials or partially or fully cured materials or tool steels as a matrix. In particular, the invention allows the matrix itself to be produced as thin as possible, for example 30 to 100 mm thick. Since it is sufficiently supported by the support device, very expensive materials or fully hardened steel or very hard steel or stainless steel can also be used for this purpose. The strands are ejected from the bore holes of the matrix and are divided into pellets with longer or shorter lengths depending on the biomass used, or with a shearing device to split the possible strands although a pelletizing press is not shown. It is obvious. However, in most cases it is known that after the support device the cutting device is unnecessary. Wood pellets break apart independently of the biomass strand, which is entirely out of the bores of the matrix due to the vibration of the pelletizing press. However, it is present that in combination with special treatment applications such as temperature, (natural) adhesive additives or similar applications, the strands can be realized as being relatively resistant to cleavage. In this regard, implementing the passages in such a way that the passages are only slightly expanded with respect to the bore holes, or in the grooved embodiment of the passages, implementing a groove extension substantially parallel to the rolling line of the roller, and thus It may be advantageous to cut the biomass to commercially typical pellet sizes using cutting blades that follow the same movement as the rollers at essentially regular intervals. In accordance with the understanding of the present invention, the support device or passages thereof do not form an extension of the bore holes of the matrix in that they do not perform a support or forming task with respect to the biomass, nevertheless, according to an embodiment variant, the passages It can be used as stops for movable or rotating blades for splitting strands.

Other preferred and possible embodiments are described below.

To support the matrix, the support device may be arranged substantially on the joint edges of the matrix segments and / or overlap the joint of the edges of the matrix. Superposition is preferred in the case of narrow matrices. However, the joint edges of the matrix segments are particularly preferably supported by the support device, so that sag may not occur due to heavy rollers or even a plurality of heavy rollers. In particular, the plastic deflection on the matrix results in ridges of the joint edges and dropping or knocking of the rollers at the transition from one matrix segment to the next matrix segment. In a preferred exemplary embodiment, the essential properties of the passages of the support device are introduced as large as possible, possibly even as the grooves or openings of the support device, so that the static carrying capacity or matrix is substantially sufficient, which is only harmless. It is either sagging or not sagging. Further, according to another exemplary embodiment, it may be desirable to implement a substantially larger passageway than the boreholes, outlet strands or pellets. If it is shown that it is desirable to mechanically cut the pellets, independent of the size of the passages, the cutting device may be arranged on the side of the support device facing away from the matrix. For convenient replacement, and in particular in the case of a plurality of matrix segments, it is preferred to be substantially identical or similar for the individual matrix segments. This is preferably applied to the arrangement, shape of the boreholes and / or joint edges for adjacent matrix segments.

Particularly preferably the joining edges of the matrix segments are arranged substantially parallel to the rolling line of the roller. In another exemplary embodiment, it is particularly preferable for the joining edge to be arranged substantially angularly on the rolling line of the roller, which angle may cover a range between 0 and 35 °.

In particular, however, in order to join the matrix segments together, it may be desirable for the joining edges to be implemented as tongue-and-groove connections and / or as zigzag connections and / or as arrowed connections. The above-described exemplary embodiments can be particularly advantageously applied in a matrix composed of matrix segments arranged in a plane. The matrix is preferably embodied as a rectangle or a circle for this purpose. It is particularly preferred that the matrix and / or support device consist of partially or fully cured material and / or consist of cured material. In various types of embodiment of the support device, it may consist of a plurality of support segments. In this case, the joint edges of the support segments can be quite different in the joint edges of the matrix segments and their position with each other and / or in the embodiment. This is used to improve the support of the matrix, and the special measures previously proposed for the rolling surface need not be applied for the joint edges of the support device. Overall, the action of the support device is such that the deflection of the matrix is less than 0.05 mm along the rolling line of the roller. For optimal support, the support device may be arranged to be pressed against substantially the entire area of the matrix in the direction of passage of the biomass. The support device is preferably embodied in a substantially plate shape. In order to avoid vibration and / or heat transfer, an insulating and / or damping intermediate layer can be arranged between the matrix segments or the matrix and the support device. At least one hydraulic and / or pneumatic positioning device may be arranged between the matrix or matrix segments on and / or as a support device. It may be particularly desirable for this positioning device to be used to form a uniform rolling surface consisting of matrix segments of different heights. At least one plastic, insulation, metal plate and / or hydraulic cushion can be considered as the intermediate layer. The hydraulic cushion may preferably be adjustable in action. If an intermediate layer is used, the passages of the support device are preferably completely or partially reproduced therein. However, only the number and location of the bore holes may be reproduced.

Other advantageous measures and embodiments of the subject matter of the present invention are disclosed in the dependent claims and the description of the following figures.

1 is a plan view of a rectangular multi-part flat panel matrix and a support device located below in a pelletizing press with a reversing roller;
FIG. 2 is a cross sectional view along the section line of FIG. 1 through a multi-part matrix and a support device; FIG.
3 is a plan view of a multipart circular matrix with a multipart support device arranged at the bottom in a pelletizing press with a reversing roller;
4 is a cross-sectional view along the section line of FIG. 3 through a multipart matrix and a multipart support device.
5 is a schematic representation of possible joining edges of the matrix segment to improve the rolling of the roller.
6 is a cross-sectional view through a multipart matrix with matrix segments of various heights.
7 is a schematic view of a support device (left) with actively movable and adjustable positioning devices or a support device (right) formed from matrix segments or a plurality of actively movable and adjustable positioning devices for the matrix; .

1 shows a plan view of a rectangular multi-part plate matrix 4 arranged on a support device 9. The rollers 5 are rolled on the matrix 4 and / or the matrix 4 is moved with the support device 9 in an inverted manner from left to right and in reverse. In the figure, in particular, the movement to the right in the rolling direction 6 is shown. The matrix 4 is constructed in accordance with the drawing of the six matrix segments 7, 7 ′,... 7 "" ", which are each rotated by 180 ° and arranged at the joint edges 2. Are pressed against each other at an angled arrangement of the joining edges 2 with an angle 16 relative to the rolling line 14 of the roller 5 to enable smooth rolling on the matrix 4. It does not matter whether 4) is moved or whether the roller 5 is moved and / or the roller 5 also has an independent drive for independent rotation in addition to the direction of movement. It is arranged in the matrix 4, which preferably corresponds to the passages 8 of the support device 9. Of course, one large passage 8 is with the aid of the grooved passage 8 in the upper left of FIG. 1. It is possible to correspond to a plurality of bore holes 13 as shown above.

According to FIG. 2, the biomass 1 is scattered onto the matrix during production and is pressed by the rolling roller 5 into the bore holes 13 in the direction of the feed direction 12. The residual layer 11 can be formed on the rolling surface 19 after the passage of the roller 5. After passing through the bore holes 13, the strands or pellets 10 are formed upon exit from the bore holes 13 on the planar side 20, which requires further processing or further transport.

An alternative embodiment of the pelletizing press 3 is shown in FIG. 3, which now uses a circular matrix 4 and rotating rollers 5 made up of a plurality of matrix segments 7-7 "" ". They are arranged like slices of cake The support device preferably also forms a base here for the thin matrix 4, which consists of a plurality of matrix segments 7-7 "" ". In the case of cake-like matrix segments 7 to 7 "" "according to the same embodiment there is also a simple functionality for the direct replacement of the damaged matrix portion and for repair during operation. For this purpose, at least one matrix segment (7 to 7 "" ") is preferably kept inverted in the region of the pelletizing press 3 and replaced as necessary after removing the damaged matrix segment.

FIG. 4 also shows, in another embodiment, a cross-sectional view of the support device 9, 9 ′ with passages 8 for feeding through the pellets 10 in the feed direction 12, although implemented in multiple parts. It is shown again.

FIG. 5 shows a plurality of exemplary possibilities in which the rolling line 14 of the roller 5 connects the matrix segments 7-7 "" "in a manner that is not identical to the alignment of the join edges 2. As evident on the left side of the drawing, the joining edge can be embodied as an arrowed edge for this purpose.The roller 5 with its rolling line 14 is therefore suddenly above the joining edge 2. It does not roll, but rather rolls over a longer area. The zigzag connection between the plurality of matrix segments 7 to 7 "" "is shown on the right side. Also here, the matrix segment 7 'can be easily lifted, for example, and replaced with similar or identical matrix segments. If the heights of the matrix segments are uneven after a long wear and polishing or grinding procedure, the optimal rolling surface 19 is no longer guaranteed.

Nevertheless, in order to be able to use these matrix segments, it is possible according to FIG. 6 that an intermediate layer 17 is arranged below the thinner matrix segment 7 ′, which is adjacent matrix segments 7, 7. Compensate for height deviations for ").

FIG. 7 is a positioning device introduced in the case of the matrix segment 7 ′ with the original height and correspondingly extending in the case of the matrix segment 7 of lower height to embody the level rolling surface 19. An alternative embodiment is shown in which the fields 18 are arranged in the support device 9. In order to improve uniform force transfer between the matrix segments and the positioning devices 18, suitable intermediate layers may also be provided here as the force distributors. On the right side, the support device 9 is not implemented by a plate-shaped support as in the preceding figures, but rather a plurality of mounted positioning devices that quasi-mount the matrix segments on the hydraulic cushion. Resulting from the field 18.

Another exemplary embodiment for optimizing the perforation pattern on the rolling surface 19 in the case of a plurality of bore holes 13 and / or extreme forces is not shown in the figures. For this purpose, the bore holes 13 in the region of the joining edge 2 of the matrix segments 7, 7 ′, ... in order to form a uniform perforation pattern on the rolling surface 19 are supported. (9) is arranged diagonally inside the matrix segments 7, 7 ′,... In a non-tangential manner in the region of the joining edge 2. In other words, this means that the bore holes 13 extending essentially from one flat side to the other flat side have a rolling surface (in the direction of the adjacent bore holes 13 at the edge of one matrix segment having a uniform perforation pattern). 19 means that they are arranged diagonally. Thus, the possible support area for the support device 9 on the bottom side of the matrix segments is increased at the joint edges 2. However, the diagonally extending bore holes 13 are not limited to this area or this application.

An alternative to fixing the play and / or position of the matrix 4 with respect to the support device 9 is also not shown in the figures. It may be at least one side wall of the support device 9, which is installed upright or associated with the carrier plate 9, optionally provided at regular intervals. The side wall can be implemented as a single member with the support device, representing a protrusion or ridge. Alternatively, an L-profile may be considered that overlaps with the matrix at least in the outer region.

The side walls are practically used to define the rolling surface 19 or filling area of the biomass. Another alternative to the fixing of the support device in the matrix relative to each other is the two corresponding pocket bore holes of the matrix 4 and the carrier plate 9. The expansion sleeve inserted therein has the advantage in this regard that the thermal expansion or fit inaccuracies of the matrix can easily be absorbed without the expansion sleeve shear as opposed to the bolt. In addition, minor displacements are desirable because they do not worsen the results of pelletization, since minimal displacement or incorrect dimensional accuracy can be compensated without difficulty due to passages larger than the bore holes.

In essence, efforts have been made to produce a matrix from a preferably uniform steel. For example, so-called knife steels, such as X46Cr13 (1.4034), which have martensitic microstructures and are stainless, are particularly suitable for this purpose and exhibit a good compromise between corrosion resistance, service life and susceptibility to brittle fracture. .

The pelletizing press 3 is particularly preferably suitable for producing pellets 10 from biomass 1 for use in fireplaces, but can also be used safely and conveniently in other fields.

1 biomass
Joint edge of 2 7
3 pelletizing press
4 matrix
5 roller
6 rolling direction
7 matrix segments
8 passage
9 Support device
10 pellets
11 residual layer
12 supply direction
13 bore holes
14 rolling lines
15 7 edges
16 angle
17 middle layer
18 positioning device
19 rolling surface
20 flat sides

Claims (20)

Pelletizing press for producing pellets 10 from biomass 1 for use as fuel in fireplaces, wherein the biomass 1 comprises fibers comprising cellulose and / or lignocellulosic, At least one roller composed of chips or pieces, the at least one matrix 4 having a plurality of bore holes 13 for the compression of the biomass 1 and rolling on the matrix 4 In the pelletizing press, 5 and at least one drive device for the matrix 4 and / or roller 5 are arranged in the pelletizing press 3,
At least two matrix segments 7, 7 ′,... Are arranged as the matrix 4, and at least one support device 9 is arranged with respect to the roller 5. ', ...) to support
The support device (9) is characterized in that it has at least one passage (8) for feeding through pellets (10) exiting from the bore holes (13) of the matrix (4). 2. The support device 9 according to claim 1, for supporting the matrix segments 7, 7 ′,... Pelletizing press, characterized in that it is arranged at the joint edges (2) and / or overlaps the joint of the edges (15) of the matrix (4). 3. The bore holes (13) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the bore holes (13) are uniformly drilled on the rolling surface (19) in such a way that the support device (9) is not tangential in the region of the joint edge (2). Pellets, which are arranged diagonally inside the matrix segments 7, 7 ′, ... in the region of the joint edge 2 of the matrix segments 7, 7 ′,... To form a pattern. Mad press. 4. The passage or passages (8) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the passage or passages (8) are implemented substantially larger than the bore holes (13) and / or the pellets (10). Pelletizing press. 5. Pelletizing press according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the individual matrix segments (7, 7 ', ...) are substantially identical or similar. 6. The rolling line 14 of claim 1, wherein the joining edges 2 of the matrix segments 7, 7 ′,... Pelletizing press, characterized in that arranged substantially parallel to. 7. The joint edges 2 according to claim 1, wherein the joint edges 2 of the matrix segments 7, 7 ′,... Are connected to the rolling line 14 of the roller 5. Pelletizing press, characterized in that arranged substantially angled (16). 8. The joining edges 2 according to claim 1, wherein the joining edges 2 are tongue-and-groove, to join the matrix segments 7, 7 ′,... Pelletizing press, characterized in that it is embodied as connections and / or as zigzag connections and / or as arrow connections. 9. Pelletizing press according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the matrix segments (7, 7 ', ...) are arranged in a plane. 10. Pelletizing press according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the matrix (4) is embodied in a rectangular or circular shape. Pelletizing according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the matrix (4) and / or the support device (9) are embodied in a partially or fully cured and / or cured material. Press. 12. The support device (9) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the support device (9) is arranged to press against substantially the entire area of the matrix (4) in the feed direction (12) of the biomass (1). Pelletizing press, characterized in that. 13. Pelletizing press according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support device (9) is embodied in a substantially plate shape. Pelletizing press according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that an insulating and / or damping intermediate layer (17) is arranged between the matrix (4) and the support device (9). 15. The at least one hydraulic and / or pneumatic positioning device 18 according to claim 1, characterized in that it is arranged on the support device 9 and / or as the support device 9. Pelletizing press. Pelletizing press according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support device (9) consists of a plurality of support segments (9, 9 '). 17. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, in the case of at least two component embodiments of the support device (9), wherein the joining edges of the support segments are in position and / or embodiment of one another. Pelletizing press, characterized in that it is substantially different from the joining edges (2) of the matrix segments (7, 7 ', ...). 18. The method according to claim 1, wherein at least one intermediate layer 17 and / or at least one positioning device 18 comprises matrix segments 7, 7 ′,... Pelletizing press, characterized in that it is provided to form a uniform rolling surface (19) consisting of. 19. Pelletizing press according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one plastic, insulation, metal plate and / or hydraulic cushion is arranged as an intermediate layer (17). 20. Pelletizing press according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the intermediate layer (17) completely or partially reproduces the passages (8) of the support device (9).

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