EP2483067A1

EP2483067A1 - Pellet press for producing pellets

Info

Publication number: EP2483067A1
Application number: EP10762606A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Gernot Von Haas; Günter NATUS; Frank Heymanns
Original assignee: Dieffenbacher GmbH Maschinen und Anlagenbau
Current assignee: Dieffenbacher GmbH Maschinen und Anlagenbau
Priority date: 2009-09-30
Filing date: 2010-09-30
Publication date: 2012-08-08
Also published as: DE102009047902A1; CN102695607B; BR112012005179A2; WO2011038917A1; RU2564185C2; US8876516B2; RU2012117148A; CN102695607A; CA2772704A1; US20120244242A1; KR20120087142A

Abstract

The invention relates to a pellet press for producing pellets (10), there being in the pellet press (3) at least one die (4) having a multiplicity of holes (13) for compressing the biomass (1), at least one roll (5) rolling on the die (4) and at least one drive device for the die (4) and/or the roll (5). The aim of the invention is to produce a pellet press in which it is possible to eliminate local damage or partial wear of the die with the least possible effort or to make it easier to replace the die with a spare part. The invention consists of at least two die segments (7, 7'...) being arranged as the die (4), at least one supporting device (9) being arranged to support the die segments (7, 7'...) with respect to the roll (5), and the supporting device (9) having at least one aperture (8) for the pellets (10) emerging from the holes (13) in the die (4) to be led through.

Description

Pelleting press for the production of pellets

The invention relates to a pelleting press for the production of pellets according to the preamble of claim 1.

The production of pellets, also known as pellets or granules, from fines or compacted and / or molten material is already known. The production of pellets, respectively wood pellets, from

preferably comminuted biomass, such as sawdust, dust or

The same is also already well known and is used in the field of renewable energies as a forward - looking technology for the

Climate protection, especially in Europe, propagated. The raw material used is usually chipboard from the woodworking industry, but it is also possible to utilize freshly felled stocks or non-recoverable types of wood or waste in the woodworking industry. For the

Market for wood pellets for the supply of small combustion plants in single or multi-family houses is preferably to use pollutant-free base material. Block power plants or special

High-temperature furnaces for heat generation and / or

However, electrical energy production (combined cycle power plants) can also cleanly burn small amounts of polluted material (pellets made of particleboard or MDF boards with or without a coating or a coating). The wood pellets are usually produced in so-called pelleting presses, in which the material to be pressed is pressed by moving and / or active rolling rolls, also called rollers, through holes in a die. Through the holes, the material (biomass) is formed and discharged as strands from the holes. Holes are understood to mean all openings which, preferably of substantially cylindrical design, are arranged in a die for passage and shaping of the material. The holes can also have larger inlet areas (reductions) to improve the pressing process and be hardened or have hardened sleeves in the holes.

In the area of the matrices, a distinction is made between flat and ring matrices. On ring matrices run for pressing outside or inside rollers on flat matrices roll the roller rollers circular (mill construction) or linear reversing from. The invention preferably deals with

Flat dies of the latter type, but may also be used in ring matrices.

The possibilities of processing and spreading the biomass, or the post-processing (shredding of the strands, cooling, storage, transport) of the pellets need not be discussed further. Reference is made to the prior art. Due to the worldwide acknowledged global warming, the industry is forced to accelerate and cheapen the large industrial production of wood pellets. An essential consumable part of the pelleting presses is the die itself. Impressing and compacting the biomass on the walls of the bores produces high friction values and pressures which erode the die bores and increase over time. At the same time, it may happen that the supply of biomass that high density

Elements, such as stones, pieces of metal or the like reach the flat die and are pressed by the rolling rollers into the die. There are distortions of the surface of the die or frayed holes, this in turn leads to an irregular compression of the residual layer of biomass on the rolling surface of the die, because the biomass of the residual layer can no longer flow freely in all directions due to the disturbances of the rolling surface. It creates a wave-shaped

Residual layer, which can lead to incalculable machine-dynamic oscillations in the pelleting press. However, it may also form high-density coagulation of the biomass, which in turn further damage the rolling surface of the die and / or cause increased wear during passage through the holes.

In extreme cases, insufficient rolling surfaces lead to "beating" or "banging" rollers, which are harmful overall for the pelleting press but also in particular for the rollers and the dies. In the nature of production, however, it can not be avoided that

Damage or wear of the die over a certain

Production period occur. The preparation of a matrix itself can be done by a variety of procedural options, such as grinding / planing the entire die, build-up welding in depressions or drilling a local damage or a bore and insertion of a closure or a sleeve.

However, it does not make sense to remove a whole matrix and pelleting press from the production because of a relatively localized damage. In particular, this must be the preparation

Biomass may be stopped if the storage bins are full or direct production of the pellets is provided without storage facilities. However, it is also not technically and economically possible to provide a complete die, as this usually belongs to the most expensive machine elements of a pelleting press and binds unnecessarily capital while waiting for a possible use.

The object of the invention is a pelleting press the

to provide the aforementioned type for the production of pellets, in which it is possible to repair local damage or partial wear on a die with the least possible effort or to facilitate the replacement of the die against a spare part significantly. The solution to the problem for a pelleting press is that at least two die segments are arranged as a die for

Supporting the die segments relative to the roller at least one support device is arranged, and the support device at least one opening for the passage of the bores of the die

having exiting pellets.

Advantageously, a die made of high-quality material can now be made as small as possible with a small thickness and is, above all, in several parts. By splitting the die or the rolling surface into several parts can be dispensed with expensive devices and corresponding installation effort to remove a solid die. For example, if the matrix is quartered, accessibility is sufficient

Production room of about 55 to 60 ° to get them out of the pelleting press and use a new one. The disassembly of drives, shafts or other machine elements can be largely avoided. Preferably, quick-release fasteners are provided for the die segments in order to speed up the replacement process. The invention is based on the fact that within the length of the bores of the die, the biomass can be sufficiently compressed and after exiting the holes have the necessary strength and consistency. By the support device is thereby ensured that the deflection of the die remains in a manageable frame and no consequence has operation during pelleting. Preferably, therefore, the die can be made of a high-strength, in particular low-wear, material. Even hardened materials are welcome. To

Embrittlement or fatigue prone matrices can be combined with a.

Be supported interposed to the supporting device, which is a

excellent damping against harmful vibrations results. Another advantage is that local damage to the die can be easily replaced by removing a die segment from the die and using a new or refurbished second-hand

Matrix segment is quickly reinstated. This will be the

Downtime of the pelleting press kept low and it is not necessarily disturbing business interruptions during maintenance or repair of the locally damaged die segment to be accepted.

In an extension of the task in a multi-part die in a pelleting press the rolling of the roller at the abutting edges of the

Matrizensegmente be improved and / or the pelleting press, it should be possible to use different height die segments with the same quality of the rolling surface.

Nevertheless, the teaching of the invention should show the possibility of using very hard or even brittle materials, or partially or fully hardened materials or tool steels, as a die. Especially allows the present invention, the template itself as thin as possible, about 30 to 100 mm thick to make. Since this is sufficiently supported by the support device, it can also be a very expensive material or a hardened steel or a very hard steel, or stainless steel, can be used.

It is obvious that emerge from the bores of the die strands, but depending on the biomass used or a pelleting press with a cutter, not shown, but possible for splitting the strands, break up into pellets, which have a greater or lesser length. However, it has been shown that a cutting device according to the support device is not necessary in most cases. Just

Wood pellets tear only by the vibration in the pelleting press

independently from the emerging from the holes of the die

Biomass strand off. However, in connection with special process engineering applications such as temperature, (natural) adhesive addition or the like, it may happen that the strands are made relatively resistant to breakage. In that regard, it may be useful to form the openings in such a way that they are only slightly widened compared to the holes or groove-like execution of the breakthroughs

Nutenerstreckung essentially parallel to the rolling line of the roller perform and thus a substantially the same movement of the roller following cutting knife at regular intervals on the biomass shorten the commercial pellet size. According to the understanding of the present invention, the support device forms respectively

Breakthroughs do not lengthen the bores of the die to the extent that they have a supporting or shaping task against the biomass

take over, but depending on the variant, the breakthroughs could still be used as stops for a movable or rotating knife for splitting the strands.

Other useful and possible embodiments are described below:

To support the die, the support device can be arranged substantially at the abutting edges of the die segments and / or across the edges of the die. The latter is preferably useful in narrow matrices. Preferably, however, just the abutting edges of the die segments are supported by the support device so that it can not come to deflections by the heavy or even several heavy rollers. Straight plastic deflections on a die lead to a bulging of the abutting edges and falling or beating rolls at the transitions from one die segment to the next. In a preferred embodiment, an essential feature of the apertures of the support device is that they are as large as possible, possibly even introduced as grooves or recesses in the support device, so that the static load capacity for the die substantially sufficient is and this undergoes no or only a harmless deflection.

Nevertheless, it is useful according to a further embodiment, the openings substantially larger than the holes, the exiting strands or the pellets. If a mechanical separation of the pellets seems to make sense, regardless of the size of the

Breakthroughs a cutting device to be arranged on the side facing away from the die of the support device. For a meaningful exchange and especially for a large number of die segments, it is preferred that the individual die segments are substantially identical or similar. This preferably applies to the arrangement of the holes, the geometry and / or the abutting edges to the adjacent die segments.

Particularly preferably, the abutting edges of the die segments are arranged substantially parallel to the rolling line of the roll. In a further exemplary embodiment, the abutting edge is preferably arranged substantially at an angle to the rolling line of the roller, wherein the angle can cover a range between 0 and 35 °.

In particular, however, it is preferred that the joint edges of the die segments are designed as tongue-and-groove and / or zigzag and / or arrow-shaped connections. Particularly advantageously, the above embodiments can be applied to a die, which consists of Matrizensegmenten, which in a plane

are arranged. For this purpose, the die would preferably be rectangular or circular. Particularly preferred is the die and / or the support device in parts or completely hardened and / or made of hardened material.

In different embodiments of the support device, this may consist of several support segments. In this case, the abutting edges of the support segments can essentially from the abutting edges of the die segments in their position to each other and / or in their

Differentiate embodiment. This serves to improve the

Supporting the die, wherein the special measures that have been proposed above for the rolling surface, for the abutting edges of the

Support device need not be applied. Overall, the effect of the support device is such that the deflection of the die is less than 0.05 mm along the rolling line of the roll. For optimal support, the support device can be arranged in the passage direction of the biomass substantially over the entire surface of the die.

Preferably, the support device is designed substantially plate-shaped. To avoid the transmission of vibrations and / or heat can between the die respectively the die segments and the

Support device may be arranged an insulating and / or damping intermediate layer. At least one hydraulic and / or pneumatic adjusting device can be arranged on and / or as a supporting device between the die or the die segments. This can particularly preferably serve to form a uniform rolling surface from different high die segments. When

Intermediate layer would be at least a plastic, an insulation, a

Sheet metal and / or a hydraulic pad conceivable. Preferably, the latter is adjustable in its effect. When using a

Interlayer is the complete or partial replica of the

Breakthroughs of the support device preferred. But it can also be simulated only the number and location of the holes. Further advantageous measures and embodiments of the subject matter of the invention will become apparent from the subclaims and the following

Description with the drawing out.

Show it:

FIG. 1 shows a plan view of a rectangular multipart flat die and an underlying supporting device in a pelleting press with a reversing roll,

2 shows a section along a section line in Figure 1 through the multipart

Die and the support device,

FIG. 3 shows a plan view of a multi-part circular matrix with a multipart supporting device arranged underneath in a pelleting press with a revolving roller, Figure 4 section along a section line in Figure 3 by the multipart

Die and the multi-part support device,

Figure 5 is a simplified representation of possible abutting edges of

6 shows a section through a multi-part die with different height die segments and

Figure 7 is a simplified representation of a support device (left) with actively movable and einjustierbaren actuators or one of several actively movable and einjustierbaren

Actuators formed support device (right) for the

Die segments or a die.

Figure 1 shows a plan view of a rectangular multi-part flat

Die 4, which is placed on a support device 9. On the die 4, a roller 5 rolls off and / or the die 4 is reversibly moved together with the support device 9 from left to right and back. In the drawing, a movement to the right in the unwinding direction 6 is shown. The die 4 consists of the drawing of six

Die segments 7, 7 '... 7, each rotated by 180 ° to the

Abutting edges 2 are arranged lying to each other. The angular arrangement of the abutting edges 2 with an angle 16 to the rolling line 14 of the roller 5 allows a smooth rolling on the die 4. It is irrelevant whether the die 4 is moved, or whether the roller 5 is moved and / or Roller 5 in addition to the direction of movement still has a self-propulsion for self-rotation. In the die 4 holes 13 are arranged, preferably with the openings 8 of the support device. 9

correspond. Of course, it is possible that a larger aperture 8 corresponds to a plurality of holes 13, as shown in Figure 1 top left with the aid of a groove-shaped opening 8.

According to Figure 2, the biomass 1 is scattered during production on the die and pressed by the rolling roller 5 in the holes 13 in the direction of the passage direction 12. On the rolling surface 19, a residual layer 11 can form after passing through the roller 5. After passing through the holes 13, strands or pellets 10 form on exit from the holes 13 on the surface side 20, which require further treatment or further transport.

3 shows an alternative embodiment of the pelleting press 3, which now uses revolving rolls 5 and a circular die 4 of several cake-like arranged die segments 7 to 7

preferably thin die 4, which consists of a plurality of die segments 7 to 7 "In the case of cake-like die segments 7 to 7, there is also the simple possibility of direct replacement of damaged die parts and repair during the same embodiment Operation. Preferably, for this purpose, at least one die segment 7 to 7 """is held in the region of the pelleting press 3 and, if necessary, exchanged after removal of a damaged die segment

Embodiment, the support device 9, 9 'is made of several parts, but has openings 8 for the passage of the pellets 10 in the passage direction 12. FIG. 5 shows several exemplary possibilities for connecting die segments 7 to 7 "" "in such a way that the rolling line 14 of the roll 5 is not identical to the alignment of the abutting edges 2

Shock edge as shown on the left in the figure can be formed as an arrow edge. Thus rolls the roller 5 with its rolling line 14 does not abruptly on the abutting edge 2, but over a longer range. On the right side, a zig-zag connection is shown between several die segments 7 through 7 "'. Again, it will be apparent that readily

For example, the die segment 7 'can be raised and exchanged for a same or identical die segment.

With uneven heights of the die segments after prolonged wear and polishing or grinding operations, an optimal rolling surface 19 is no longer guaranteed. Nevertheless, to be able to use these template segments 6, it is possible, under a thinner die segment 7 ', to insert an intermediate layer 17 which compensates for the difference in height relative to the adjacent die segments 7 and 7' .Figure 7 shows an alternative embodiment in which adjusting devices 18 are arranged in the support device 9 which are retracted at the original height at the die segment T and are correspondingly extended at a lower height die segment 7 in order to realize a flat rolling surface 19. In order to improve a uniform force transfer between the adjusting devices 18 and the die segments, suitable intermediate layers may also be used as force distributors On the right side, the support device 9 is not realized by a plate-shaped support as in the previous figures, but results from a plurality of mounted adjusting devices 18, which store the die segments quasi on a hydraulic pad.

Not realized in the figures, another embodiment for optimizing the hole pattern on the rolling surface 19 at extreme forces and / or in a large number of holes 13. For this purpose, the holes 13 in the region of a joint edge 2 of a die segments 7, 7 ',. .. to form a uniform hole pattern on the

Rolling surface 19 so inclined within the Matrizensegments 7, 7 ', ...

arranged so that the support device 9 in the region of the abutting edge 2 not is affected. In other words, this means that the bores 13, which extend essentially from one surface side to the other surface side, remain at the edge of a die segment with the same

Hole pattern of the rolling surface 19 obliquely in the direction of

adjacent holes 13 are arranged. This increases at the abutting edges 2 of the possible support area for the support device 9 at the bottom of the die segments. However, the oblique holes 13 are not limited to this area or this application. Also not embodied in the figures is an alternative to fixing the position and / or the backlash of the die 4 to the support device 9. This may be at least one upstanding or mounted to the support plate 9 side wall of the support device 9, which may be present at regular intervals is. The side wall may in this case be made in one piece with the support device and represent a survey or a bulge. Alternatively, an L-profile would be conceivable that overlaps the die at least in the outdoor area.

A side wall serves to conveniently limit the filling area or the rolling surface 19 of the biomass. Another alternative for fixing the support device and the die to each other would be two corresponding blind holes of the die 4 and the support plate. 9 An expansion sleeve inserted therein in this context has the advantage that thermal expansion of the die or fit inaccuracies can be readily absorbed without the expansion sleeve, in contrast to a bolt would shear off. Slight shifting advantageously does not degrade the result of the

Pelleting, as the larger apertures than the holes, minimal displacements or inaccurate Maßhaltigkeiten be compensated without difficulty. There are fundamental efforts to produce a template, preferably from a single steel. Particularly suitable for this purpose, for example, a so-called knife steel such as the X46Cr13 (1.4034), which represents a good balance between corrosion resistance, service life and brittle fracture susceptibility with a martensitic microstructure and stainless.

The pelleting press 3 is particularly preferably suitable for the production of pellets 10 from biomass 1 for use in fireplaces, but can also be safely used in other areas. Reference 1385:

1. Biomass

2nd edge of 7

3. Pelleting press

4. Matrix

5. roller

6. Rolling direction

7. Matrix segment

8. Breakthrough

9. Support device

10. pellets

11. Remaining layer

12. Passage direction

13. Drilling

14. rolling line

15. Edges of 7

16. Angle

17th intermediate layer

18th adjusting device

19. rolling surface

20. Area side

Claims

claims

Pelleting press for the production of pellets (10), preferably from biomass (1) for use as fuel in fireplaces, wherein the biomass (1) of cellulose and / or

lignocellulosic fibers, shavings or chips, and wherein in the pelleting press (3) at least one die (4) with a plurality of bores (13) for pressing the biomass (1), at least one on the die (4) rolling roll ( 5) and at least one drive device for the die (4) and / or the roller (5) are arranged, characterized in that as a die (4) at least two die segments (7, 7 ', ...) are arranged to support at least one support device (9) is arranged opposite the roller (5) of the die segments (7), the support device (9) has at least one opening (8) for the passage of the bores (13) of the die (13). 4) has exiting pellets (10).

2. pelleting press according to claim 1, d a d u r c h

marked that in support of

Die segments (7, 7 ', ...), the support device (9) in

Essentially at the abutting edges (2) of two die segments (7, 7 ', ...) and / or joint-overlapping on the edges (15) of the die (4) is arranged.

3. pelleting press according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the bores (13) in the region of a abutting edge (2) of a die segments (7, 7 ', ...) to form a

uniform bore pattern on the rolling surface (19) are arranged obliquely within the Matrizensegments (7, 7 ', ...), that the supporting device (9) in the region of the abutting edge (2) is not affected.

4. pelleting press according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the one or more openings (8) are made substantially larger than the holes (13) and / or the pellets (10).

5. pelleting press according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the individual die segments (7, 7 ', ...) are substantially identical or similar.

6. pelleting press according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the

Abutting edges (2) of the die segments (7, 7 ', ...) are arranged substantially parallel to the rolling line (14) of the roller (5).

7. pelleting press according to one or more of the preceding claims, dad urch in that the abutting edge (2) of the die segments (7, 7 ', ...) substantially at an angle (16) to the rolling line (14) of the roller (5 ) are arranged.

8. pelleting press according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the joining of the die segments (7, 7 ', ...) to each other, the abutting edges (2) as a tongue-and-groove and / or zigzag and / or are designed as arrow-shaped connections.

9. pelleting press according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the

Matrizensegmente (7, 7 ', ...) are arranged in a plane.

10. pelleting press according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the die (4) is rectangular or circular.

11. pelleting press according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the die (4) and / or the supporting device (9) in parts or fully cured and / or made of hardened material.

12. pelleting press according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the

Support device (9) in the passage direction (12) of the biomass (1) is disposed substantially over the entire surface of the die (4).

13. pelleting press according to one or more of the preceding

Claims, characterized in that the

Support device (9) is designed substantially plate-shaped.

14. pelleting press according to one or more of the preceding

Claims, characterized in that between the die (4) and the supporting device (9) an insulating and / or damping intermediate layer (17) is arranged.

15. Pelleting press according to one or more of the preceding

Claims, characterized in that at least one hydraulic and / or pneumatic adjusting device (18) is arranged on the and / or as a supporting device (9).

16. Pelleting press according to one or more of the preceding

Claims, characterized in that the

Support device (9) consists of a plurality of support segments (9, 9 ').

17. pelleting press according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized Porsche Style nzeich that at an at least two-part design of the support device (9), the abutting edges of the support segments substantially from the

Butt edges (2) of the die segments (7, 7 ', ...) differ in their position relative to each other and / or in their embodiment.

18. pelleting press according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that for forming a uniform rolling surface (19) from different high die segments (7, 7 ', ...) at least one intermediate layer (17) and / or at least one adjusting device ( 18) is provided

19. pelleting press according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that as

Intermediate layer (17) at least a plastic, an insulation, a metal sheet and / or is arranged from a hydraulic cushion.

20. pelleting press according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the

Intermediate layer (17) completely or partially simulates the openings (8) of the support device (9).