WO2011050989A1

WO2011050989A1 - Pellet press for producing pellets

Info

Publication number: WO2011050989A1
Application number: PCT/EP2010/006646
Authority: WO
Inventors: Frank Heymanns; Gernot Von Haas; Günter NATUS; Detlef Kroll
Original assignee: Dieffenbacher Gmbh + Co. Kg
Priority date: 2009-10-30
Filing date: 2010-10-30
Publication date: 2011-05-05
Also published as: DE102009051349A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a pellet press for producing pellets (10) from material which is to be compressed. In the pellet press (3), the biomass (1) is compressed through the holes (13) of a die (4) which can be displaced by means of at least one drive (18), and/or a displaceable roller (5) by means of at least one rolling roller to form pellets (10). According to the invention, in order to absorb the operational forces of at least two drives (18), an essentially annular-shaped receiving element (24) is directly or indirectly operatively connected to the displaceable die (4) and/or the rollers (5), such that the force introduction areas (25) which are arranged at a distance from each other are essentially arranged in a transmission area (26) for introducing drive forces into the absorbing element (24), in accordance with the number of drives (18), and the suitable transmission area (26) is arranged between the die plane (27) and at least one additional defining plane (28), and the distance between the die plane (27) and the defining plane (28) is +/- 500 mm along the die axis (23), or the defining plane (28) is arranged at a limiting angle (29) of 0 - 30° in relation to the die plane (27) and has a common intersection point (S) with the die plane (27) on the die axis (23).

Description

Pelleting press for the production of pellets

The invention relates to a pelleting press for the production of pellets according to the preamble of claims 1 and 2.

The production of pellets, also known as pellets or granules, from fines or compacted and / or molten material is already known. The production of pellets, respectively wood pellets, from

preferably comminuted biomass, such as sawdust, dust or

The same is also already well known and is used in the field of renewable energies as a forward - looking technology for the

Climate protection, especially in Europe, propagated. The raw material used is usually chipboard from the woodworking industry, but it is also possible to utilize freshly felled stocks or non-recoverable types of wood or waste in the woodworking industry. For the

Market for wood pellets for the supply of small combustion plants in single or multi-family houses is preferably to use pollutant-free base material. Block power plants or special

High-temperature furnaces for heat generation and / or

However, electrical energy production (combined cycle power plants) can also cleanly burn small amounts of polluted material (pellets made of particleboard or MDF boards with or without a coating or a coating). The wood pellets are usually produced in so-called pelleting presses, in which the material to be pressed is pressed by moving and / or active rolling rolls, also called roll-up rolls, through bores of a die. Through the holes, the material (biomass) is formed and discharged as strands from the holes. Holes are understood to mean all openings which, preferably of substantially cylindrical design, are arranged in a die for passage and shaping of the material. The holes can also have larger inlet areas (reductions) to improve the pressing process and be hardened or have hardened sleeves in the holes.

In the area of the matrices, a distinction is made between flat and ring matrices. On ring matrices run for pressing outside or inside rollers on flat matrices roll the roller rollers circular (mill construction) or linear reversing from. The invention preferably deals with

Flat dies of the latter type, but may also be used in ring matrices.

The possibilities of processing and spreading the biomass, or the post-processing (shredding of the strands, cooling, storage, transport) of the pellets need not be discussed further. Reference is made to the prior art. Due to the worldwide acknowledged global warming, the industry is forced to force the large industrial production of wood pellets. But especially in large production plants, some of the

Special machinery or heavy machinery are assigned, large and heavy machine parts are used.

Known pelleting presses with one or more circulating on a circular flat die Kollerwalzen generally have a drive which drives the Flachmatrize or the Kollerwalzen via a passing through the flat die hollow shaft. In general, the

circulating Kollerwalzen flying on the hollow shaft or the drive mounted on projecting from the hollow shaft stub axles.

In another drive principle, the Kollerwalzen remain stationary and the die is driven via a hollow shaft or directly via an indirect transmission of a drive.

The main problem in the drive design is in addition to the choice of

Getriebes the location of the drive and its power capacity.

Usually, the drive of a pelleting press is designed with a high performance. At the same time increases from such a high interpretation of

Drive in turn the total cost of purchase and also the operation. Next, the previous pelleting presses are driven by a central drive shaft and / or a central hollow shaft, that is, the driving forces are far away introduced into the system and bundled and then transferred to the rollers or the die for movement.

In large industrial presses with an internal diameter of more than one meter, the mechanical and technological limits for transmission of drive power are encountered.

The object of the invention is to provide a pelleting press for the production of pellets, which is capable even at a

Matrikendurchmesser of more than 1,000 mm diameter reliable and inexpensive to drive the die and / or the rollers.

A first solution of the problem for a pelleting press is that for receiving the driving forces of at least two drives a substantially annular receiving means with the movable die and / or the rollers is directly or indirectly operatively connected, that for introducing the driving forces into the receiving means spaced apart according to the number of drives

Force application areas are arranged, and that the

Force introduction regions are arranged substantially in a transmission region, wherein the suitable transmission range between the die plane and at least one further substantially parallel spaced boundary plane is and the distance between the Matrizen level and the boundary plane 28 +/- 500 mm along the die axis.

In a second solution, the problem is solved by the fact that

Recording the driving forces of at least two drives in the

Essentially annular receiving means with the movable die 4 and / or the rollers is arranged directly or indirectly in operative connection,

in that, for the introduction of the drive forces into the receiving means, spaced force application areas are arranged corresponding to the number of drives, and that the force introduction areas are arranged substantially in a transmission area, wherein the appropriate

Transmission region between the die plane and at least one further boundary plane is and wherein the boundary plane is arranged with a limiting angle of 0 to 30 ° relative to the die plane and with the die plane has a common point of intersection S on the die axis.

Particularly preferred is a limiting angle of 0 to 25 °, in particular from 0 to 20 °.

In particular, in an extension of the task, a modular design of the pelleting press, in particular of oversize, should now be provided Pelleting presses, to be improved. For example, a

Pelleting press be composed of several press racks. For example, instead of the initial four press racks, there are two more

Press racks are installed, it may be that the previous

Drive power is no longer sufficient. In this case, another motor is installed on or separately from the press racks and put into operation. Thus, for example, a pelleting press can be easily retrofitted if they initially work with a small number of rollers and later with a higher number of rollers to compress the material to increase production. For this purpose, it is no longer necessary to initially provide a very expensive drive or replace a drive that is too weak for a more expensive drive. Preferably, at least two or even more drives are arranged in a large pelleting press with more than three, preferably with more than five, more preferably with more than seven Kollerwalzen.

Preferably, a single or a multi-part press frame can be arranged as pressing device. A one-piece press frame may consist of at least one C-frame or a window frame.

Preferably, however, a multi-part press frame is arranged, which is formed at least from a crosshead and two pull tabs. The second crosshead can either stand alone or by the arrangement of at least one roller or die or their bearings be substituted. Preference is in this context, the multi-part press racks that they quickly locked and unlocked

Connections, more preferably bolts, are connected to spend at least parts of the press frame quickly and easily from or into the pelleting press.

Particularly preferred is the application of the teaching of the invention in discharge variable pelleting presses. In these pelleting presses, the production capacity can be adjusted by varying the pressing devices / press racks as needed during a longer production period, so that in a simple manner more or

Lesser capacities can be avoided on delivered pellets. Depending on the type of drives, the ratio is of course flexible, so for example each roller a drive or all 3 rollers a drive, etc. Particularly preferred points in a modular pelletizing press with several

Pressing or Pressing the press frame devices for receiving a motor.

Because the drives usually move a plurality of moving rollers or a die, it is particularly preferred that the drives for

Execution of the relative movement by means of at least one gear stage are positively coupled. The gear stage here is at least one gear and / or at least one moment transmitting machine element For example, the machine element may also be, for example, a shaft on which at least two motors engage and set the die or the entire rolls in motion. Preferably, the roller are arranged in a movable frame by the drives. The die may be movable on at least one, preferably two

Support rings may be arranged. In this case, a support ring preferably forms a toothing on which a transmission or the pinion different

Drives or a shaft with multiple drives could attack via a pinion. Preferably, however, the drives are arranged uniformly along the frame, the die and / or the support ring.

Particularly preferably, the drives are arranged modularly with the press racks, so that on or separately to one or more

Press racks ever a drive is arranged.

With regard to the design of the transfer region for introducing the forces into a receiving means, it is preferred that the die plane is arranged in the plane of the rolling surface of the die. It is further preferred that the die, at least one support ring, and / or a support plate are arranged as receiving means. The force application areas are in the

Essentially formed in a line-shaped or sheet-like manner, because these are preferably designed as gear elements, particularly preferably as gears.

It can, for example, the receiving means as a gear or toothed ring be executed. Preferably, the drives for generating a staggered drive power substantially the same drive power. Furthermore, the drive should preferably be arranged uniformly along the receiving means.

Further, the drives for canceling the reaction torques can be arranged on a closed torque support device.

Further advantageous measures and embodiments of the subject matter of the invention will become apparent from the subclaims and the following

Description with the drawing out.

Show it:

FIG. 1 shows a plan view of a circular flat die and a plurality of rolls rolling on it in four pressing devices or

Press racks, wherein the flat die in this preferred

Embodiment is movably mounted in the press racks and rotated about its axis,

2 shows two lateral sectional views corresponding to the section lines of Figure 1 through a press frame (left) and a drive (right) on a die,

3 shows a further embodiment of the arrangement of a drive on a receiving means of the die, Figure 4 shows a further variation of the drive with an extended

Gear stage and a modified Aufnahrhemittel, Figure 5 shows an alternative pelleting press with by a central

Receiving means of the driving forces within the

Inner diameter of the die for moving the rolls,

Figure 6 is a corresponding sectional view of Figure 5 showing the central receiving means and the preferred

Force introduction range with respect to the die plane and possible spaced boundary planes,

Figure 7 shows a corresponding arrangement of an outside

Aufnahmemittels with representation of the preferred

Force introduction area and

8 shows a representation of the preferred force introduction range with an alternative dimensioning rule with respect to FIG

Die axis and the die plane.

FIG. 1 shows a pelleting press 3 with four pressing devices 12 in a preferred exemplary embodiment. However, a plurality of pressing devices 12 may preferably be arranged in the pelleting press 3, in some cases depending on the inner or outer diameter of the die. In the present preferred embodiment, the die 4 with the rolling surface 19 for the rollers 5 is movable in the pressing devices 12 mounted and driven by at least one drive 18 for performing a circular movement about the axis of the die 4.

In Figure 2 shows the foundation 14 of the pelleting press 3, wherein in the schematic sectional view left a press frame 21 with a multi-part press frame, which consists of at least one lower crosshead 7 and two pull tabs 6, is arranged, wherein the mounted in the pull tabs 6 axis 16 of the roller 5 with the aid of appropriate

Machine elements, respectively bearings and actuators, is kept movable. During rolling on the rolling surface 19 of the die 4, the biomass 1 is pressed through the holes 13 into pellets 10. The entry of the biomass 1 between the side walls 11 of the pelleting press 3 is shown only schematically. The die driven in this example

4 is supported by means of bearing 9 on the lower crosshead 7 and thus effectively and uniformly closes the present load flow. Next to the

Dead weight of the rollers 5 may also be arranged adjusting devices, in addition to any necessary distance adjustment between roller

5 and die 4 also for a necessary force on the material to be pressed, respectively the biomass 1, can provide. In a possible variants of a built press frame 21, the

Pressing device 12 has its own upper crosshead (not shown). In a preferred embodiment, multi-part press racks 21 latches or bolts 15, with which this can be disassembled quickly. It is helpful if parts of the

Press frame 21 attack surfaces have, with which a

Lifting device, for example, a crane hook and / or at least one forklift fork, is operatively connected to a part of the press frame 21 and at least this part of the pelleting press 3 can easily remove or even bring. For example, if the bolts 15 are released at the lower crosshead 7 of the press frame 7, the two

Pull tabs 6 with the roller 5 and the axis 16 are easily pulled out of the pelleting press 3 upwards. Particularly advantageous is this method, because the lower crosshead 7 continues on the

Foundation 14 may remain and the storage of the die 4 during a resumed operation of the pelleting press 3 can continue to perform. Particularly preferred is this variant with an additional or in the case of insertion or removal of a segment of the multi-part press frame 21 attachable or existing upper crosshead. It should be noted that when using a multi-part annular die, this can be disassembled and a closed window frame 20 can also be removed from the pelleting press 3, if necessary.

In the figures 1 and 2 is now apparent from the teaching of the invention that in a preferred embodiment per press frame 21 with a roller 5, a drive 18 via a gear 17, the die 5 drives. The relationship These arrangements can be designed differently, for example, three press racks 21 are each a drive 18 conceivable. In one embodiment, not shown, the drives 18 may also be arranged within the press frame 21, or for example every third press frame 21 has a drive 18. FIG. 2 shows on the right a possible force introduction of the drive 18 onto the die 4, wherein the die 4 forms a toothing 20 directly or indirectly via its mechanical fixing in the pelleting press 3 and engages there the pinion or a gear 17 of a drive 18.

Figure 3 illustrates an indirect drive of the die 4, which is mounted on at least one, preferably two concentrically mounted support rings 8. In this case, at least one of the support rings 8 forms a toothing 20 or other suitable means for torque transmission and is driven by the drive 18 and possibly a gear 17.

FIG. 4 shows, according to FIG. 3, an enlarged transmission branch of the transmission 17, the moments of two drives 18 being brought together via a gear 17 and only at one point in the pelleting press to the machine part to be moved, in this case the die 4, respectively a support ring 8 Transmit moments .. FIG. 5 shows a pelleting press with a central receiving means 24, which is driven by two drives 17 of the drives 18 arranged separately from one another. The receiving means is in this case designed as a toothed ring and has an internal toothing gear 17.

FIG. 6 shows the preferred power transmission areas 25 according to the solution according to the invention. For this purpose, the force introduction regions 25 are arranged within a space formed by the die plane 27 and a boundary plane 28 and drive the receiving means 24 there. The special feature is that with oversized matrices the tensions within the receiving means 24 or the Matrizenträger keep within an acceptable range. Therefore, the distance of the

Limit levels 28 of the die bottom 27 500 mm not exceed, as far as concerns the first embodiment of the design rule.

FIG. 7 shows an alternative with an externally arranged receiving means 24. In FIG. 8, the dimensioning rule is after the second

Embodiment shown. This is the possible

Transmission area 26 by the limiting angle 29 to the

Matrizen level 27 defined limit levels 28 defined. This applies in particular to oversized pelleting presses 3. It can be seen that the possible force introduction area for transmitting the driving forces increases steadily. The engines and transmissions are shown in Figs. 7 and 8 only still exemplified. The die plane 27 is preferably located in the geometric center of the die 4, but is particularly preferably identical to the rolling surface 19 of the die. With regard to the dimensions, it has been found that the effective width of the rolls 5 should be between 200 and 500 mm, preferably substantially 300 mm. The diameter of the die 4 should be between 1, 5 and 5 m, preferably between 2.5 and 3m, in particular 2.85 m. A Kollerdurchmesser of 300 to 500 mm is advantageous, particularly preferred is essentially a diameter of 400 mm.

List of numbers 1392:

1. Biomass

2nd compaction space

3. Pelleting press

4. Matrix

5. roller

6. pull tab

7th lower crosshead

8. Support rings

9. Stock die

10. pellets

11. Sidewall

12. Pressing device

13. Drilling

14. Foundation

15. Bolt

16th axis roller 5

17. Transmission

18th drive

19. rolling surface

0. toothing

1. Press frame

2. Support plate

3. die axis

4. receiving means 5. force introduction areas 6. transfer area 7. die level

8. Limiting plane 9. Limiting angle

Claims

claims

Pelleting press for the production of pellets (10) from material to be pressed, preferably from biomass (1) for use as

Fuel in fire pits, wherein the biomass (1) consists of cellulosic and / or lignocellulosic fibers, shavings, or chips, wherein in the pelleting press (3) by means of at least one rolling roller (5) the biomass (1) through the bores (13 ) is pressed by means of at least one drive (18) movable die (4) and / or a movable roller (5) to pellets (10), characterized

that for receiving the driving forces of at least two drives

(18) a substantially ring-shaped receiving means (24) with the movable die (4) and / or the rollers (5) is arranged directly or indirectly in operative connection,

that for introducing the driving forces in the receiving means (24) according to the number of drives (18) spaced from each other

Force introduction areas (25) are arranged, and

that the force introduction areas (25) substantially in one

Transmission area (26) are arranged,

wherein the suitable transfer region (26) between the die plane (27) and at least one further in the

Is substantially parallel spaced boundary plane (28) and the distance between the die plane (27) and the boundary plane (28) is +/- 500 mm along the die axis (23).

that for receiving the driving forces of at least two drives

Force introduction areas (25) are arranged, and

that the force introduction areas (25) substantially in one

Transmission area (26) are arranged,

wherein the suitable transfer region (26) between the die plane (27) and at least one further Boundary plane (28) and wherein the boundary plane (28) with a limiting angle (29) of 0 to 30 ° with respect to the die plane (27) is arranged and with the

Matrizenebene (27) has a common point of intersection (S) on the die axis (23).

Pelleting press according to claims 1 or 2, characterized

in that the die plane (27) is arranged in the plane of the rolling surface (19) of the die (4).

Pelleting press according to one or more of the preceding

Claims, characterized in that as

Receiving means (24), the die (4), at least one support ring (8), and / or a support plate (22) is arranged.

Pelleting press according to one or more of the preceding

Claims, characterized in that the

Force introduction regions (25) are formed substantially Linienformig or surface-shaped.

Pelleting press according to one or more of the preceding

Claims, characterized in that the Receiving means (24) is designed as a gear or toothed ring.

Pelleting press according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the drives (18) for generating a staggered drive power have substantially the same drive power.

Pelleting press according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the

Pelleting press (3) at least one press frame (21) is arranged and that on or separately to one or more press racks (21) each have a drive (18) is arranged.

Pelleting press according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the drives (18) are preferably arranged uniformly along the receiving means (24).

Pelleting press according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the drives (18) for canceling the reaction torques on a

closed torque support device are arranged.