EP2730338A2 - Device for shredding a substrate and housing wall for such a device - Google Patents
Device for shredding a substrate and housing wall for such a device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2730338A2 EP2730338A2 EP13192721.2A EP13192721A EP2730338A2 EP 2730338 A2 EP2730338 A2 EP 2730338A2 EP 13192721 A EP13192721 A EP 13192721A EP 2730338 A2 EP2730338 A2 EP 2730338A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- shaft
- housing
- housing wall
- comminution
- substrate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
- B02C13/14—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with vertical rotor shaft, e.g. combined with sifting devices
- B02C13/18—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with vertical rotor shaft, e.g. combined with sifting devices with beaters rigidly connected to the rotor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
- B02C13/26—Details
- B02C13/282—Shape or inner surface of mill-housings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
- B02C18/0084—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments specially adapted for disintegrating garbage, waste or sewage
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
- B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
- B02C18/08—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within vertical containers
- B02C18/10—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within vertical containers with drive arranged above container
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
- B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
- B02C18/16—Details
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
- B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
- B02C18/16—Details
- B02C2018/162—Shape or inner surface of shredder-housings
Definitions
- the invention relates to a housing wall for a device for comminuting solids present in a substrate, in particular for ultrafine comminution of solids present in a biogas substrate, wherein the housing wall is hollow cylindrical and radially projecting in the comminution operating state of the device from a rotatable about the longitudinal axis of the housing wall rotatable shaft arranged comminution organs of the device radially surrounds.
- the invention further relates to a device for comminuting solids present in a substrate, in particular for micronizing solids present in a biogas substrate, comprising a hollow cylindrical housing wall and a comminution device, wherein the comminution device comprises a drivable shaft which is rotatable about the longitudinal axis of the housing wall can be arranged and the at least two substantially in at least one perpendicular to the longitudinal extent of the housing wall arranged plane radially projecting from the shaft crushing members, wherein the comminution organs are surrounded in the comminution operating state of the device radially from the housing wall.
- the object of the invention is to improve the efficiency of the comminution of solids present in, in particular, aqueous, substrates.
- the comminuting elements arranged on the shaft are likewise rotated about the longitudinal axis of the housing wall.
- Solids in the substrate coming in contact with the comminution devices are forced towards the housing wall due to the centrifugal forces generated by the rotation, and the larger the solids are, the stronger. There these solids meet the guide profile.
- Subsequent solids urge the foregoing solids against the inside of the housing wall and against at least one guide surface of the guide profile. This positively forces the foregoing solids to move from the denser portion of the substrate, where there are less solids, toward a less dense portion of the substrate, which still contains a greater amount of solids.
- the solids are then entrained by further moving in the direction of the comminution substrate and forced again to the comminution organs. There, the solids are subjected to a further comminution step. The solids pass through this cycle until the solids in the substrate have a desired size and can no longer be forcibly guided over the inside of the housing wall and the guide profile arranged there. It can be realized very accurately with the housing wall according to the invention a desired crushing result, which makes in particular a corresponding Feinstzerklein réelle of solids possible.
- the comminution elements interact with the guide profile in such a way that solids which come into contact both with a cutting member and with the guide profile are comminuted by these contacts.
- the guide profile can thus be next to
- the above-described guiding function also have a comminution function if a corresponding device is designed in a manner suitable for this purpose.
- the efficiency of the comminution, in particular ultrafine comminution, which can be carried out with a correspondingly equipped device, of solids present in substrates, in particular aqueous substrates, can be markedly improved compared to known comminuting methods.
- the shape and the pitch of the helically shaped guide profile can be adapted to the particular application.
- the properties of the respective substrate to be comminuted or the solids contained in the substrate are to be considered. It can also be provided to operate a correspondingly equipped device with a plurality of mutually exchangeable housing walls, so that even such a device can be adapted to different applications in a simple manner.
- the guide profile with respect to the direction of rotation of the shaft on a positive slope.
- the above-described effect of the housing wall according to the invention is further improved, since the rotation of the shaft and the comminution devices arranged thereon also move the substrate, and thereby the solids contained therein, at least slightly in the direction of rotation of the shaft and thus move along a guide surface of the guiding profile.
- This relative movement between solids and the guide profile supports the above-described movement of the solids along the guide profile.
- a device of the aforementioned type according to the invention that this device is formed with a housing according to one of the embodiments described above or a combination thereof.
- the device is preferably one which can be flowed through by a substrate even when the device is not in the comminution mode.
- According to an advantageous embodiment are in at least two perpendicular to the longitudinal extent of the housing wall and spaced from each other arranged planes comminution radially from the shaft.
- comminution of the solids in the substrate takes place in several successive stages, which increases the effectiveness of the total comminution that can be achieved.
- the number of comminution levels used in each case can preferably be adapted to different applications, in which case the properties of the respective substrate or of the solids contained therein must be taken into account.
- the number of comminuting devices per comminution level can also be adapted to the respective application.
- a further advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the longitudinal axis of the housing wall is aligned vertically in accordance with the intended arrangement of the device.
- the substrate to be comminuted is preferably introduced into the space surrounded by the housing wall in an upper region of the housing wall and deployed from this interior in a lower region of the housing wall.
- the device has a housing cover which can be connected in a fluid-tight manner to the housing wall, the shaft being mounted exclusively rotatably on the housing cover, and the shaft projecting perpendicularly from the housing cover, forming a free shaft end.
- the housing cover closes off the housing wall at its upper end in a fluid-tight manner.
- the housing cover can be fixed, for example via a flange on the housing wall.
- At least one bearing is arranged on the housing cover, by way of which the shaft of the comminuting device is rotatably mounted on the housing cover.
- the shaft Since the shaft has a free shaft end and thus no bearing for drebeweglichen mounting of the shaft is present in the substrate receiving the interior of the housing wall, it can Also come to a damage to such a camp, which could arise in particular on the contact with the substrate to be treated.
- the shaft is rotatably connected to a drive shaft of a drive device at its end which is not surrounded by the housing wall in the comminution operating state of the device.
- the connection between the shaft and the drive shaft can be made for example via a suitable mechanical coupling, whereby a replacement of a shaft is easily possible.
- the shaft is mounted in addition to the at least one bearing on the housing cover via a further bearing on the drive shaft or a common bearing, which increases the robustness of the device.
- the output power of the drive device is variable.
- the properties of the respective substrate to be treated are preferably taken into account.
- a frequency converter coupled to a three-phase drive motor can be used.
- the energy efficiency of a correspondingly equipped device can be optimized. Due to their high inertia, the substrate to be comminuted and, in particular, the solids contained therein act as a counter-comminution organ, which interacts with the comminution organs.
- the comminution organs are arranged non-destructively replaceable on the shaft.
- the device can be easily adapted to different applications by appropriate comminuting organs are arranged on the shaft.
- a quick and easy repair of the device is possible by this configuration, if a crushing member is damaged.
- the comminution organs are designed as cutting blades.
- the use of cutting blades to cavitation in too treating substrate, which in turn leads to cell disruption in the case of biogas substrate.
- the cavitation-induced change of short-term pressure and vacuum in a confined space causes the cell walls to burst.
- FIG. 1 shows schematically and in perspective an embodiment of the device according to the invention 1.
- the device 1 has a support plate 2, via which the device 1 can be set at a desired location.
- a foot 3 of the device 1 with the interposition of damping elements 4 is attached on the support plate 2, a foot 3 of the device 1 with the interposition of damping elements 4 is attached.
- the foot 3 comprises a newly formed part 5 and a hollow cylindrical part 6 adjoining it at the top.
- the hollow cylindrical part 6 is connected in a fluid-tight manner to a housing wall 7 in the form of a hollow cylinder, into which the substrate to be treated can be introduced and whose longitudinal axis L is vertically aligned is.
- a lateral inlet 8 is arranged, can be introduced via the substrate to be treated in the interior of the housing 7.
- a drain 9 is arranged over the treated substrate can be discharged from the interior of the housing 7.
- a housing cover 10 On the housing cover 10, a drivable shaft 11 is rotatably supported via at least one bearing not shown in detail.
- the shaft 11 is part of a shredding device of the device 1 and arranged rotatably about the longitudinal axis L of the housing 7.
- comminuting members 12 are arranged, which project radially from the shaft 11.
- the comminuting members 12 are designed as cutting blades and in the comminution operating state of the device 1 shown are surrounded radially by the housing wall 7.
- the shaft 11 is only rotatably supported on the housing cover 10 and is perpendicular to the formation of a free shaft end 13 of the housing cover 10 from.
- the shaft 11 is rotatably connected to a drive shaft 14 of a drive device at its at the surrounding in the comminution operating state of the device 1 not surrounded by the housing wall 7 end via a clutch 19.
- the drive device comprises a drive motor 15 with variable output power.
- FIG. 2 schematically shows a detail of in FIG. 1 1 is a plan view of a portion of the inside of the housing 7, on which a helically shaped guide profile 16 is arranged.
- the arrows 17 are intended to indicate the direction in which the substrate to be treated essentially moves during its treatment by means of the device 1.
- the arrows 18 are intended to show the direction in which solids move in the substrate, which are urged by centrifugal forces against the inside of the housing wall 7 and forced upward there by means of the guide profile 16, in order subsequently to be fed again from above to the comminuting members 12 ,
- FIG. 3 shows a construction drawing of another embodiment of the inventive device 1.
- the in FIG. 3 embodiment shown differs from that in FIG. 1 shown in particular in that the device comprises a lifting mast 20, via which the housing cover 10 can be raised together with the drive device and the shaft 11 in a position as in FIG. 4 is shown.
- the device comprises a lifting mast 20, via which the housing cover 10 can be raised together with the drive device and the shaft 11 in a position as in FIG. 4 is shown.
- components of in FIG. 3 shown embodiment, with the components of in FIG. 1 shown Embodiment match, identified by the same reference numerals.
- the drain 9 is not on the housing wall 7 but on a housing wall from below fluid-tight closing further housing cover 21 on the mast 20, a carriage 22 is mounted movably in the vertical direction, which is fixedly connected to the upper housing cover 10 so that a Movement of the carriage 22 causes a correspondingly directed movement of the upper housing cover 10, but first, when the attachment between the upper housing cover 10 and housing 7 has been solved, which according to FIG. 3 is designed as a flange connection.
- the carriage 22 is connected via a cable 23, which is guided over a arranged at the upper end of the mast 20 guide roller 24, with a winch 25 which is actuated by a crank 26 to effect the described movements of the carriage 22.
- the carriage 22 is mounted on rollers 27 of a roller guide linearly movable on the mast 20. Furthermore, in FIG. 3 the coupling 19 is shown, via which the shaft 11 is connected to the drive shaft 14 of the drive device.
- the housing 7 is suspended via a bracket 31 on the mast 20. Furthermore, the lower housing cover 21 is fastened to the lifting mast 20 via a holder 32. On the side facing away from the mast 20 side of the lower housing cover 21 and / or the housing 7 is supported via at least one leg 33 relative to the ground.
- a bearing unit 34 is arranged, which comprises two bearings 35 and 36, via which the shaft 11 is rotatably mounted on the housing cover 10.
- FIG. 4 In contrast to FIG. 3 in which the further embodiment of the device 1 according to the invention is shown in its comminution operating state shows FIG. 4
- This embodiment in an idle state in which the upper housing cover 10 has been displaced together with the drive means and the shaft 11 by means of the carriage 22 upwards, bi the shaft is located outside the interior of the housing 7.
- This position of the device 1 can be brought about, for example, when the device 1 is to be adapted to different applications by replacing the shaft 11, the cutting elements 12 and / or the housing 7.
- FIG. 4 shown state of the device 1 a simple repair to the shaft and / or the cutting members 12 possible.
- FIG. 4 shown state of the device 1 a simple repair to the shaft and / or the cutting members 12 possible.
- the cutting members 12 are connected via holders 29 to the shaft 11, wherein the connection between cutting members 12 and the respective Holder 29 is made via screw 30.
- the units comprising a holder 29 and cutting members 12 arranged thereon can be removed as a whole from the shaft 11, so that the apparatus 1 can also be easily adapted to different applications with regard to the number of existing comminution levels.
- six cutting elements 12 are arranged in a star shape on each holder 29.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
- Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Gehäusewandung für eine Vorrichtung zum Zerkleinern von in einem Substrat vorhandenen Feststoffen, insbesondere zum Feinstzerkleinern von in einem Biogassubstrat vorhandenen Feststoffen, wobei die Gehäusewandung hohlzylinderförmig ausgebildet ist und im Zerkleinerungsbetriebszustand der Vorrichtung von einer um die Längsachse der Gehäusewandung drehbar anordbaren Welle radial abstehend angeordnete Zerkleinerungsorgane der Vorrichtung radial umgibt.The invention relates to a housing wall for a device for comminuting solids present in a substrate, in particular for ultrafine comminution of solids present in a biogas substrate, wherein the housing wall is hollow cylindrical and radially projecting in the comminution operating state of the device from a rotatable about the longitudinal axis of the housing wall rotatable shaft arranged comminution organs of the device radially surrounds.
Des Weiteren betrifft die Erfindung eine Vorrichtung zum Zerkleinern von in einem Substrat vorhandenen Feststoffen, insbesondere zum Feinstzerkleinern von in einem Biogassubstrat vorhandenen Feststoffen, aufweisend eine hohlzylinderförmig ausgebildete Gehäusewandung und eine Zerkleinerungseinrichtung, wobei die Zerkleinerungseinrichtung eine antreibbare Welle umfasst, welche um die Längsachse der Gehäusewandung drehbeweglich anordbar ist und die wenigstens zwei im Wesentlichen in zumindest einer senkrecht zur Längserstreckung der Gehäusewandung angeordneten Ebene radial von der Welle abstehende Zerkleinerungsorgane aufweist, wobei die Zerkleinerungsorgane im Zerkleinerungsbetriebszustand der Vorrichtung radial von der Gehäusewandung umgeben sind.The invention further relates to a device for comminuting solids present in a substrate, in particular for micronizing solids present in a biogas substrate, comprising a hollow cylindrical housing wall and a comminution device, wherein the comminution device comprises a drivable shaft which is rotatable about the longitudinal axis of the housing wall can be arranged and the at least two substantially in at least one perpendicular to the longitudinal extent of the housing wall arranged plane radially projecting from the shaft crushing members, wherein the comminution organs are surrounded in the comminution operating state of the device radially from the housing wall.
Zur Effizienzsteigerung von Biogasanlagen ist es bekannt, in wässrigen Substraten vorhandene Feststoffe zu Zerkleinern, um zur Steigerung des Gasertrags eine größere Oberfläche zu schaffen, an der die gasbildenden Bakterien anhaften können. Durch eine entsprechende Zerkleinerung von Feststoffen, welche auch als Desintegration bekannt ist, findet zudem eine Homogenisierung des Substrates statt, was sich ebenfalls positiv auf die Biogaserzeugung auswirkt.To increase the efficiency of biogas plants, it is known to crush solids present in aqueous substrates, in order to increase the gas yield to provide a larger surface to which the gas-forming bacteria can adhere. By a corresponding comminution of solids, which is also known as disintegration, also takes place a homogenization of the substrate, which also has a positive effect on the biogas production.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, die Effizienz der Zerkleinerung von in, insbesondere wässrigen, Substraten vorhandenen Feststoffen zu verbessern.The object of the invention is to improve the efficiency of the comminution of solids present in, in particular, aqueous, substrates.
Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe erfolgt erfindungsgemäß durch eine Gehäusewandung mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 und eine Vorrichtung mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 3. Bevorzugte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben, die jeweils für sich genommen oder in Kombination miteinander einen Aspekt der Erfindung darstellen können.The solution of this object is achieved by a housing with the features of
Gemäß Patentanspruch 1 ist an der den Zerkleinerungsorganen zugewandten Innenseite der Gehäusewandung zumindest in dem Bereich der Längserstreckung der Gehäusewandung, in dem die Zerkleinerungsorgane in dem Zerkleinerungsbetriebszustand angeordnet sind, wenigstens ein schraubenlinienförmig ausgebildetes Leitprofil angeordnet.According to
Durch eine Drehung der Welle der Zerkleinerungseinrichtung um die Längsachse der Gehäusewandung werden die an der Welle angeordneten Zerkleinerungsorgane ebenfalls um die Längsachse der Gehäusewandung gedreht. In Kontakt mit den Zerkleinerungsorganen kommende Feststoffe in dem Substrat werden aufgrund der durch die Drehung erzeugten Zentrifugalkräfte in Richtung der Gehäusewandung gedrängt, und zwar um so stärker, je größer die Feststoffe sind. Dort treffen diese Feststoffe auf das Leitprofil. Nachfolgende Feststoffe drängen die vorangegangenen Feststoffe gegen die Innenseite der Gehäusewandung und gegen wenigstens eine Führungsfläche des Leitprofils. Hierdurch werden die vorangehenden Feststoffe zwangsgeführt, und zwar derart, dass sie sich von dem dichteren Teil des Substrates, in dem weniger Feststoffe vorhanden sind, in Richtung eines weniger dichten Teils des Substrates bewegen, in dem noch eine größere Menge von Feststoffen vorhanden ist. Von dort aus werden die Feststoffe dann durch weiteres sich in Richtung der Zerkleinerungsorgane bewegendesSubstrat mitgenommen und erneut zu den Zerkleinerungsorganen gedrängt. Dort werden die Feststoffe einem weitergehenden Zerkleinerungsschritt unterworfen. Die Feststoffe durchlaufen diesen Kreislauf so oft, bis die Feststoffe in dem Substrat eine gewünschte Größe aufweisen und nicht mehr über die Innenseite der Gehäusewandung und das dort angeordnete Leitprofil zwangsgeführt werden können. Es lässt sich mit der erfindungsgemäßen Gehäusewandung ein gewünschtes Zerkleinerungsergebnis sehr genau realisieren, was insbesondere auch eine entsprechende Feinstzerkleinerung von Feststoffen möglich macht.By rotating the shaft of the comminuting device about the longitudinal axis of the housing wall, the comminuting elements arranged on the shaft are likewise rotated about the longitudinal axis of the housing wall. Solids in the substrate coming in contact with the comminution devices are forced towards the housing wall due to the centrifugal forces generated by the rotation, and the larger the solids are, the stronger. There these solids meet the guide profile. Subsequent solids urge the foregoing solids against the inside of the housing wall and against at least one guide surface of the guide profile. This positively forces the foregoing solids to move from the denser portion of the substrate, where there are less solids, toward a less dense portion of the substrate, which still contains a greater amount of solids. From there, the solids are then entrained by further moving in the direction of the comminution substrate and forced again to the comminution organs. There, the solids are subjected to a further comminution step. The solids pass through this cycle until the solids in the substrate have a desired size and can no longer be forcibly guided over the inside of the housing wall and the guide profile arranged there. It can be realized very accurately with the housing wall according to the invention a desired crushing result, which makes in particular a corresponding Feinstzerkleinerung of solids possible.
Ragen die Zerkleinerungsorgane ausreichend nah an das Leitprofil heran, wirken die Zerkleinerungsorgane mit dem Leitprofil derart zusammen, dass Feststoffe, welche sowohl mit einem Schneidorgan als auch mit dem Leitprofil in Kontakt kommen, durch diese Kontakte zerkleinert werden. Dem Leitprofil kann somit neben der oben beschriebenen Leitfunktion auch eine Zerkleinerungsfunktion zukommen, falls eine entsprechende Vorrichtung auf eine hierzu geeignete Art und Weise ausgebildet ist.If the comminution devices protrude sufficiently close to the guide profile, the comminution elements interact with the guide profile in such a way that solids which come into contact both with a cutting member and with the guide profile are comminuted by these contacts. The guide profile can thus be next to The above-described guiding function also have a comminution function if a corresponding device is designed in a manner suitable for this purpose.
Es zeigt sich somit, dass mit der erfindungsgemäßen Gehäusewandung die Effizienz der mit einer entsprechend ausgestatteten Vorrichtung durchführbaren Zerkleinerung, insbesondere Feinstzerkleinerung, von in, insbesondere wässrigen, Substraten vorhandenen Feststoffen gegenüber bekannten Zerkleinerungsmethoden deutlich verbessert werden kann.It thus turns out that with the housing wall according to the invention, the efficiency of the comminution, in particular ultrafine comminution, which can be carried out with a correspondingly equipped device, of solids present in substrates, in particular aqueous substrates, can be markedly improved compared to known comminuting methods.
Die Formgebung und die Steigung des schraubenlinienförmig ausgebildeten Leitprofils kann an den jeweiligen Anwendungsfall angepasst werden. Hierbei sind insbesondere die Eigenschaften des jeweilig zu zerkleinernden Substrates bzw. der in dem Substrat enthaltenen Feststoffe zu berücksichtigen. Es kann auch vorgesehen sein, eine entsprechend ausgestattete Vorrichtung mit mehreren gegeneinander austauschbaren Gehäusewänden zu betreiben, so dass auch eine solche Vorrichtung an unterschiedliche Anwendungsfälle auf einfache Art und Weise anpassbar ist.The shape and the pitch of the helically shaped guide profile can be adapted to the particular application. In this case, in particular the properties of the respective substrate to be comminuted or the solids contained in the substrate are to be considered. It can also be provided to operate a correspondingly equipped device with a plurality of mutually exchangeable housing walls, so that even such a device can be adapted to different applications in a simple manner.
Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung weist das Leitprofil bezüglich der Drehrichtung der Welle eine positive Steigung auf. Hierdurch wird der oben beschriebene Effekt der erfindungsgemäßen Gehäusewandung weiter verbessert, da durch die Drehung der Welle und der daran angeordneten Zerkleinerungsorgane auch das Substrat, und hierdurch die darin enthaltenen Feststoffe, zumindest geringförmig in die Drehrichtung der Welle bewegt wird und so eine Bewegung entlang einer Führungsfläche des Leitprofils ausführt. Durch diese Relativbewegung zwischen Feststoffen und Leitprofil wird die oben beschriebene Bewegung der Feststoffe entlang des Leitprofils unterstützt.According to an advantageous embodiment, the guide profile with respect to the direction of rotation of the shaft on a positive slope. In this way, the above-described effect of the housing wall according to the invention is further improved, since the rotation of the shaft and the comminution devices arranged thereon also move the substrate, and thereby the solids contained therein, at least slightly in the direction of rotation of the shaft and thus move along a guide surface of the guiding profile. This relative movement between solids and the guide profile supports the above-described movement of the solids along the guide profile.
Die obige Aufgabe wird bei einer Vorrichtung der eingangs genannten Art erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, dass diese Vorrichtung mit einer Gehäusewandung gemäß einer der oben beschriebenen Ausgestaltungen oder einer Kombination derselben ausgebildet ist. Damit sind die oben genannten Vorteile verbunden. Vorzugsweise handelt es sich bei der Vorrichtung um eine solche, welche von einem Substrat auch dann durchflossen werden kann, wenn sich die Vorrichtung nicht im Zerkleinerungsbetrieb befindet. Insbesondere ist es möglich, die Vorrichtung verfahrenstechnisch zwischen zwei Fermentationsstufen anzuordnen. Nach einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung stehen in wenigstens zwei senkrecht zur Längserstreckung der Gehäusewandung und beabstandet voneinander angeordneten Ebenen Zerkleinerungsorgane radial von der Welle ab. Durch eine solche Anordnung von Zerkleinerungsorganen in mehreren Ebenen erfolgt eine Zerkleinerung der Feststoffe in dem Substrat in mehreren aufeinanderfolgenden Stufen, was die Effektivität der insgesamt erreichbaren Zerkleinerung erhöht. Die Anzahl der jeweilig verwendeten Zerkleinerungsebenen kann vorzugsweise an verschiedene Anwendungsfälle angepasst werden, wobei hierbei die Eigenschaften des jeweilig zu zerkleinernden Substrates bzw. der darin enthaltenen Feststoffe zu berücksichtigen sind. Auch die Anzahl der Zerkleinerungsorgane pro Zerkleinerungsebene kann an den jeweiligen Anwendungsfall angepasst werden.The above object is achieved in a device of the aforementioned type according to the invention that this device is formed with a housing according to one of the embodiments described above or a combination thereof. This brings with it the advantages mentioned above. The device is preferably one which can be flowed through by a substrate even when the device is not in the comminution mode. In particular, it is possible to arrange the device procedurally between two fermentation stages. According to an advantageous embodiment are in at least two perpendicular to the longitudinal extent of the housing wall and spaced from each other arranged planes comminution radially from the shaft. By means of such an arrangement of comminution elements in several levels, comminution of the solids in the substrate takes place in several successive stages, which increases the effectiveness of the total comminution that can be achieved. The number of comminution levels used in each case can preferably be adapted to different applications, in which case the properties of the respective substrate or of the solids contained therein must be taken into account. The number of comminuting devices per comminution level can also be adapted to the respective application.
Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sieht vor, dass die Längsachse der Gehäusewandung bei bestimmungsgemäßer Anordnung der Vorrichtung vertikal ausgerichtet ist. Hierbei wird das zu zerkleinernde Substrat vorzugsweise in einem oberen Bereich der Gehäusewandung in den von der Gehäusewandung umgebenen Raum eingebracht und in einem unteren Bereich der Gehäusewandung aus diesem Inneren ausgebracht. Durch die erfindungsgemäße Ausgestaltung der Gehäusewandung werden in dem Substrat enthaltene Feststoffe über das Leitprofil entgegen der Schwerkraft vertikal nach oben transportiert und anschließend, wie oben beschrieben, einem erneuten Zerkleinerungsschritt zugeführt.A further advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the longitudinal axis of the housing wall is aligned vertically in accordance with the intended arrangement of the device. In this case, the substrate to be comminuted is preferably introduced into the space surrounded by the housing wall in an upper region of the housing wall and deployed from this interior in a lower region of the housing wall. As a result of the configuration of the housing wall according to the invention, solids contained in the substrate are conveyed vertically upwards against the force of gravity via the guide profile and then, as described above, fed to a renewed comminuting step.
Es wird weiter als vorteilhaft erachtet, wenn die Vorrichtung einen fluiddicht mit der Gehäusewandung verbindbaren Gehäusedeckel aufweist, wobei die Welle ausschließlich drehbar an dem Gehäusedeckel gelagert ist, und wobei die Welle unter Ausbildung eines freien Wellenendes senkrecht von dem Gehäusedeckel absteht. Bei vertikal ausgerichteter Gehäusewandung schließt der Gehäusedeckel die Gehäusewandung an deren oberen Ende fluiddicht ab. Der Gehäusedeckel kann beispielsweise über eine Flanschverbindung an der Gehäusewandung festlegbar sein. An dem Gehäusedeckel ist wenigstens ein Lager angeordnet, über das die Welle der Zerkleinerungseinrichtung drehbeweglich an dem Gehäusedeckel gelagert ist. Da die Welle ein freies Wellenende aufweist und somit kein Lager zur drebeweglichen Lagerung der Welle in dem das Substrat aufnehmenden Inneren der Gehäusewandung vorhanden ist, kann es auch nicht zu einem Schaden an einem solchen Lager kommen, welcher insbesondere über den Kontakt mit dem zu behandelnden Substrat entstehen könnte.It is further considered advantageous if the device has a housing cover which can be connected in a fluid-tight manner to the housing wall, the shaft being mounted exclusively rotatably on the housing cover, and the shaft projecting perpendicularly from the housing cover, forming a free shaft end. When the housing wall is oriented vertically, the housing cover closes off the housing wall at its upper end in a fluid-tight manner. The housing cover can be fixed, for example via a flange on the housing wall. At least one bearing is arranged on the housing cover, by way of which the shaft of the comminuting device is rotatably mounted on the housing cover. Since the shaft has a free shaft end and thus no bearing for drebeweglichen mounting of the shaft is present in the substrate receiving the interior of the housing wall, it can Also come to a damage to such a camp, which could arise in particular on the contact with the substrate to be treated.
Weiter wird vorgeschlagen, dass die Welle an ihrem bei im Zerkleinerungsbetriebszustand der Vorrichtung nicht von der Gehäusewandung umgebenden Ende drehfest mit einer Antriebswelle einer Antriebseinrichtung verbunden ist. Die Verbindung zwischen der Welle und der Antriebswelle kann beispielsweise über eine geeignete mechanische Kupplung hergestellt werden, wodurch ein Austausch einer Welle einfach möglich ist. Auch ist es möglich, dass die Welle zusätzlich zu dem wenigstens einen Lager am Gehäusedeckel über ein weiteres Lager an der Antriebswelle oder ein gemeinsames Lager gelagert ist, was die Robustheit der Vorrichtung erhöht.It is also proposed that the shaft is rotatably connected to a drive shaft of a drive device at its end which is not surrounded by the housing wall in the comminution operating state of the device. The connection between the shaft and the drive shaft can be made for example via a suitable mechanical coupling, whereby a replacement of a shaft is easily possible. It is also possible that the shaft is mounted in addition to the at least one bearing on the housing cover via a further bearing on the drive shaft or a common bearing, which increases the robustness of the device.
Vorzugsweise ist die Ausgangsleistung der Antriebseinrichtung variierbar. Hierdurch kann eine Variation der Drehgeschwindigkeit der Welle und folglich der daran angeordneten Zerkeinerungsorgane erfolgen, um die Vorrichtung an unterschiedliche Anwendungsfälle auf einfache Art und Weise anpassen zu können. Hierbei werden vorzugsweise die Eigenschaften des jeweilig zu behandelnden Substrates berücksichtigt. Zur Variation der Ausgangsleistung der Antriebseinrichtung kann beispielsweise ein mit einem Drehstrom-Antriebsmotor gekoppelter Frequenzumrichter eingesetzt werden. Gemäß dieser Ausgestaltung lässt sich auch die Energieeffizienz einer entsprechend ausgestatteten Vorrichtung optimieren. Durch eine hohe Drehgeschwindigkeit der Welle wirken das zu zerkleinernde Substrat und insbesondere die darin enthaltenen Feststoffe aufgrund ihrer Trägheit als Gegenzerkleinerungsorgan, welches mit den Zerkleinerungsorganen zusammenwirkt.Preferably, the output power of the drive device is variable. In this way, a variation of the rotational speed of the shaft and consequently the Zerkeinerungsorgane arranged thereon, in order to adapt the device to different applications in a simple manner. In this case, the properties of the respective substrate to be treated are preferably taken into account. For varying the output power of the drive device, for example, a frequency converter coupled to a three-phase drive motor can be used. According to this embodiment, the energy efficiency of a correspondingly equipped device can be optimized. Due to their high inertia, the substrate to be comminuted and, in particular, the solids contained therein act as a counter-comminution organ, which interacts with the comminution organs.
Gemäß einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung sind die Zerkleinerungsorgane zerstörungsfrei auswechselbar an der Welle angeordnet. Hierdurch kann die Vorrichtung einfach an verschiedene Anwendungsfälle angepasst werden, indem geeignete Zerkleinerungsorgane an der Welle angeordnet werden. Zudem ist durch diese Ausgestaltung eine schnelle und einfache Reparatur der Vorrichtung möglich, falls ein Zerkleinerungsorgan beschädigt ist.According to a further advantageous embodiment, the comminution organs are arranged non-destructively replaceable on the shaft. In this way, the device can be easily adapted to different applications by appropriate comminuting organs are arranged on the shaft. In addition, a quick and easy repair of the device is possible by this configuration, if a crushing member is damaged.
Ferner wir es als vorteilhaft erachtet, wenn die Zerkleinerungsorgane als Schneidmesser ausgebildet sind. Insbesondere bei hohen Drehgeschwindigkeiten der Welle kommt es beim Einsatz von Schneidmessern zu Kavitationen im zu behandelnden Substrat, was wiederum im Falle von Biogassubstrat zu einem Zellaufschluss führt. Der durch Kavitation bedingte Wechsel von kurzzeitigem Druck und Vakuum auf engstem Raum lässt dabei die Zellwände zerplatzen. Durch diesen Vorgang kann beispielsweise zusätzliche Biomasse für die Fermentation aufgeschlossen werden.Furthermore, we consider it advantageous if the comminution organs are designed as cutting blades. In particular, at high rotational speeds of the shaft it comes to the use of cutting blades to cavitation in too treating substrate, which in turn leads to cell disruption in the case of biogas substrate. The cavitation-induced change of short-term pressure and vacuum in a confined space causes the cell walls to burst. By this process, for example, additional biomass for the fermentation can be digested.
Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung unter Bezugnahme auf die anliegenden Figuren anhand bevorzugter Ausführungsbeispiele exemplarisch erläutert, wobei die nachfolgend dargestellten Merkmale sowohl jeweils für sich genommen als auch in Kombination miteinander einen Aspekt der Erfindung darstellen können. Es zeigen
-
Figur 1 : eine schematische Darstellung eines Ausführungsbeispiels für die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung, -
Figur 2 : eine schematische Darstellung eines Details der in gezeigten Vorrichtung,Figur 1 -
Figur 3 : eine Konstruktionszeichnung eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels für die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung in ihrem Zerkleinerungsbetriebszustand, und -
Figur 4 : eine Konstruktionszeichnung eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels für die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung in einem Ruhezustand.
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FIG. 1 : a schematic representation of an embodiment of the device according to the invention, -
FIG. 2 : a schematic representation of a detail of inFIG. 1 shown device, -
FIG. 3 a construction drawing of a further embodiment of the device according to the invention in its comminution mode, and -
FIG. 4 : A construction drawing of another embodiment of the device according to the invention in a resting state.
Im Gegensatz zu
Claims (10)
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DE201220104378 DE202012104378U1 (en) | 2012-11-13 | 2012-11-13 | Device for comminuting substrate and housing wall for such a device |
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EP2730338A2 true EP2730338A2 (en) | 2014-05-14 |
EP2730338A3 EP2730338A3 (en) | 2014-12-10 |
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EP13192721.2A Withdrawn EP2730338A3 (en) | 2012-11-13 | 2013-11-13 | Device for shredding a substrate and housing wall for such a device |
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN109013010A (en) * | 2018-08-08 | 2018-12-18 | 江西锦囊商旅信息有限公司 | A kind of dual crushing of ganoderma lucidum and grinding device |
CN113102046A (en) * | 2021-03-08 | 2021-07-13 | 深圳市珍妮肤化妆品有限公司 | Raw materials reducing mechanism is used in cosmetics production and processing |
Families Citing this family (2)
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CN114247528B (en) * | 2021-12-14 | 2022-12-02 | 深圳市深建混凝土有限公司 | Recycled concrete production device and method |
EP4410431A1 (en) * | 2023-02-01 | 2024-08-07 | Herzog Maschinenfabrik GmbH & Co. KG | Grinding device |
Family Cites Families (4)
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US1803230A (en) * | 1928-01-17 | 1931-04-28 | Firm Magnet Werk G M B H Eisen | Machine for disintegrating waste wood |
US4595148A (en) * | 1983-10-03 | 1986-06-17 | Mcculloch Corporation | Machine for comminuting waste material |
FR2597764A1 (en) * | 1986-04-25 | 1987-10-30 | Peguy Guy | Apparatus for crushing and mixing household waste |
US4767069A (en) * | 1987-04-09 | 1988-08-30 | Kim Chong S | Multipurpose pulverizer device |
-
2012
- 2012-11-13 DE DE201220104378 patent/DE202012104378U1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2013
- 2013-11-13 EP EP13192721.2A patent/EP2730338A3/en not_active Withdrawn
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---|---|---|---|---|
CN109013010A (en) * | 2018-08-08 | 2018-12-18 | 江西锦囊商旅信息有限公司 | A kind of dual crushing of ganoderma lucidum and grinding device |
CN113102046A (en) * | 2021-03-08 | 2021-07-13 | 深圳市珍妮肤化妆品有限公司 | Raw materials reducing mechanism is used in cosmetics production and processing |
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EP2730338A3 (en) | 2014-12-10 |
DE202012104378U1 (en) | 2012-11-21 |
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