DE102014101165A1 - DEVICE FOR SMALL EDITING OF SOLIDS OR SUSPENSIONS WITH SOLIDS AND PROCEDURES FOR STARTING A GRINDING PROCESS OF A GRINDER - Google Patents

Abstract

It is an apparatus for the crushing of solids or suspensions with solid fractions disclosed. The apparatus comprises a grinding container having a multiplicity of grinding bodies accommodated in the grinding container, at least one drive shaft extending into the grinding container at the end side and a plurality of movable stirring elements positioned in the grinding container and rotating from the drive shaft. Between at least one of the plurality of stirring elements and the drive shaft, a rotational play is formed, which allows a coaxial and limited relative rotational movement of the at least one stirring element to the drive shaft.

Description

The present invention relates to a device for the crushing of solids or suspensions with solids fractions and to a method for starting a comminuting process of a grinding device.

Grinding devices for solids or ball mills are designed for comminuting solids for certain degrees of fineness and generally comprise a rotating grinding chamber in which a plurality of grinding media or grinding balls for comminuting the respective solid are arranged. The mills or the grinding chamber of the respective ball mill are filled by a central opening in one of the end walls. The discharge depends on the design and takes place, for example, through slots in the grinding chamber wall at the end of the mill, the grinding bodies being retained due to their increased maximum cross-sectional diameter in relation to the slots and remaining in the grinding chamber or in the grinding container.

A special form of such ball mills is the agitator ball mill. Agitator ball mills consist of a vertically or horizontally arranged, usually approximately cylindrical grinding container, which is filled depending on the particular milling process in practice to 70% -90% with grinding media or with grinding balls. The grinding container is usually stationary and not rotatably mounted in such Rührwerkskugelmühlen.

In order to produce a movement of the grinding media with resulting grinding process for the respective solid, an agitator is arranged in the grinding container and moved in rotation over a drive shaft. When the grinding process is active, regrind is continuously pumped through the grinding chamber. Here, the suspended solids are crushed or dispersed by impact and shear forces between the grinding media. At the discharge of the mill continues to be a separation of regrind and grinding media by means of a suitable separation system. Agitator ball mills known from the prior art are able to comminute mineral fillers in dry form. In further known uses, solid fractions in suspensions can be comminuted by means of stirred ball mills.

Such a stirred ball mill shows, for example, the patent application DE 10 2010 056 287 A1 , The agitator ball mill disclosed in the DE specification comprises a grinding container and a stirring shaft rotating therein, on which a plurality of grinding elements are arranged. Between the grinding elements several additional elements are arranged, which should support the milling process or the comminution process of solids. According to the DE patent application, the additional elements are designed as rods. The agitator shaft is connected to a motor for rotary operation.

If such a stirred ball mill, as is known from the prior art, put into operation, the drive shaft for rotating movement of the grinding elements overcome a breakaway torque, which is formed enlarged compared to the other in the course of the grinding process acting on the drive shaft torque. Since the mass of the respective ground material and the grinding balls act on the grinding elements and the drive shaft before the grinding process, a strong difference between the breakaway torque and the other in the grinding process acting on the drive shaft torque is recorded.

In the prior art, due to the increased torque at the beginning of a grinding process, strong motors are required to enable the drive shaft to rotate with the respective grinding elements in communication with the drive shaft. Such engines have increased power consumption and cost, as well as greater sizing, over lower power motors, and devices and methods which are characterized by lower cost, reduced power consumption, and reduced space requirements are desirable.

Furthermore, resulting from the high breakaway torque a heavy load on one of the drive shaft and the engine optionally intermediate transmission. Due to the high load, the respective gear must have a corresponding dimensioning and design to withstand the high loads can. Also hereby are additional costs and a large footprint for the transmission associated to be able to design the gearbox according to the high moment at the beginning of the grinding process.

It should also be noted that a drive shaft, which has to absorb high torque at the beginning and is thus exposed to high torsion, in practice during multiple operation after some time to tend to fatigue, so that methods and devices would be desirable, which allow longer use of the drive shaft.

The object of the invention is therefore to provide an apparatus and a method which do not have at least some of the disadvantages known from the prior art.

The above object is achieved by an apparatus and a method comprising the features in claims 1 and 10. Advantageous embodiments are described by the dependent claims.

The invention relates to a device for comminution of solids or suspensions with solid fractions. The device is designed in preferred embodiments as agitator ball mill and comprises a grinding container with a plurality of recorded in the grinding container grinding media.

For example, such a device can be used for the comminution of solids or suspensions with solids content in the food industry, in the field of chemistry and / or in the field of pharmacy. It is also conceivable that solids are comminuted via the device or by means of the method according to the invention, which are formed by minerals.

The grinding container may have a cylindrical shape and be positioned, for example, vertically or horizontally. With regard to shaping, positioning and volume, numerous known possibilities can be envisaged for the person skilled in the art, so that this is not explicitly discussed. In the context of the present invention, the grinding container is preferably stationary and non-rotating and in this case oriented horizontally or horizontally. In order to receive the ground material and to be able to dissipate after comminution, the grinding container for this purpose may have corresponding openings.

The grinding media may usefully be designed as grinding balls and, taking into account the solid to be comminuted, have different diameters in various embodiments.

Furthermore, the device comprises a drive shaft extending into the milling container at the end face and a plurality of stirring elements positioned in the grinding container and rotatingly movable by the drive shaft. The drive shaft can pass through a lid of the grinding container and is usefully brought into connection with a motor. The engine and the drive shaft may optionally be interposed with a gear with one or more gear ratios. In preferred embodiments, the drive shaft rotates or rotates the plurality of stirring elements relative to the grinding container.

With regard to an embodiment of the plurality of stirring elements, various possibilities are conceivable within the scope of the present invention. Thus, the plurality of stirring elements may be formed for example by rods, blades or the like.

In preferred embodiments, however, the stirring elements are formed at least partially via stirring discs which are described in more detail below. The stirring elements may be positioned along the longitudinal axis of the drive shaft, so that the longitudinal axis of the drive shaft is formed as a rotation axis for the plurality of stirring elements. It is also conceivable that a plurality of stirring elements or all stirring elements extend radially away from the drive shaft and in the direction of the grinding container, optionally via projections described in greater detail below.

According to the invention, a rotational play or a degree of freedom is formed between at least one of the several stirring elements and the drive shaft, which rotational play allows a coaxial and limited relative rotational movement of the at least one stirring element to the drive shaft. All the stirring elements and the drive shaft can thus rotate with a common rotation about a common longitudinal axis or the longitudinal axis of the drive shaft. Further, the at least one of the plurality of stirring elements can be moved relative to the drive shaft and limited to rotate about the longitudinal axis of the drive shaft.

If a device according to the invention for processing solids is started, the result is first a rotating movement of the drive shaft, wherein the at least one stirring element is not moved together with the drive shaft due to the rotational play. The stirring element rests unmoving in the grinding container, so that a breakaway torque, which must be absorbed by the drive shaft at the start of the comminution process, is reduced in size compared to a continuous non-rotatable connection of all the stirring elements to the drive shaft. A torque peak or the maximum torque to be absorbed via the drive shaft can be reduced in an embodiment of a device according to the invention and by means of a method according to the invention.

Advantageously, due to the rotational play between the at least one of the plurality of stirring elements and the drive shaft motors with smaller power and lower purchase price can be used, which optionally have a reduced dimensions. The entire device is thus also installable in places with low space capacity.

Since the usable motors have a lower power, the device can already have known from the prior art devices for crushing a reduced energy consumption. Also, the method described in more detail below has the advantages described.

Next are loads which are optionally transmitted at low breakaway torque or reduced maximum torque to a motor and the drive shaft intermediate gear, designed reduced.

Since the transmission thus has to absorb less load, simplified transmissions can be used, resulting in economic advantages and an increased service life of the respective transmission. Even with gearboxes, the corresponding dimensioning can be reduced, which is why the device according to the invention is characterized by a compact design.

By reducing the load on the drive shaft due to the reduced breakaway torque, the life of the drive shaft can be increased. Also, drive shafts with smaller dimensions or with reduced cross-sectional diameter can be used, which are cheaper to buy and can be characterized by a lower mass and a reduced space requirement.

The coaxial relative rotational movement of the at least one stirring element to the drive shaft or the rotational play is limited according to the invention. If a device according to the invention for processing of solids is started, this results - as already mentioned above - in a rotating movement of the drive shaft, wherein the at least one stirring element is not rotationally moved together with the drive shaft when the rotational movement begins due to the rotational play.

If, during the course of a rotational movement, the drive shaft has assumed a specific relative position or a specific relative rotational position with respect to the at least one stirring element, then during the further rotation the at least one stirring element is moved in rotation together with the drive shaft and via the drive shaft. The relative position of the at least one stirring element and the drive shaft is maintained from jointly rotating movement. In preferred embodiments, at a predefined relative position of the drive shaft to the at least one stirring element, a mechanical coupling between the at least one stirring element and the drive shaft can take place.

In the course of the further common rotational movement of the at least one stirring element together with the drive shaft, the rotational frequency of the at least one stirring element is identical to the rotational frequency of the drive shaft. By the rotation of the plurality of stirring elements grinding media are moved in the grinding container of the device according to the invention, whereby a comminution of the respective ground material is accompanied.

When stopping a crushing process for the respective ground material, the rotating movement of the drive shaft and the rotating stirring via the drive shaft stirring elements is stopped. Subsequently, at least one of the stirring elements can be decoupled from the drive shaft and moved relative to the drive shaft via the previously described rotational play. If a comminution process is restarted, then the stirring element is initially not coupled to the drive shaft. The breakaway torque is formed reduced compared to a continuous coupling of all the stirring elements with the drive shaft. If the drive shaft driven in rotation, it can continue to rotate from a rotational movement of the drive shaft by less than 360 °, a coupling of at least one stirring element with the drive shaft.

If a grinding device is to be stopped and subsequently put into operation again, the drive shaft can be stopped for this purpose after the initiation of a rotating movement of all the stirring elements and, subsequently, be rotated in the reverse direction of rotation. After stopping the drive shaft, the grinding device can be taken out of operation for a certain time, wherein the drive shaft is not moved. If a new comminution process is to be started, the drive shaft can be rotated in the reverse direction.

It can be provided that, when changing the direction of rotation, the coupling between the at least one stirring element and the drive shaft is temporarily released and subsequently produced from the rotational movement in the reverse direction of rotation. A turning game between Drive shaft and the at least one stirring element can thus be formed independently of the respective direction of rotation of the drive shaft between the drive shaft and the at least one stirring element.

Advantageously, therefore, the breakaway torque for the drive shaft due to the initially not formed coupling between the drive shaft and the at least one stirring element is formed reduced even when restarting or re-starting a crushing process with the reverse direction of rotation of the drive shaft.

It is also conceivable that the coupling between the respective stirring element and the drive shaft is released manually. It may also be that the device is brought into operative connection with a restoring device, which solves the coupling of one or more stirring element with the drive shaft after completion of a crushing process and moves the or the respective stirring elements in the region of the limited rotational play relative to the drive shaft.

According to the invention, it is provided that between at least one of the plurality of stirring elements and the drive shaft, a rotational play is formed, in preferred embodiments, however, between a plurality, for example, three or more than three stirring elements, and the drive shaft is formed a rotational play to reduce the breakaway torque accordingly and of the already mentioned benefits to make extensive use.

In preferred embodiments, the at least one of the plurality of stirring elements has only a certain degree of freedom relative to the drive shaft via the rotational play, while further relative movements of the at least one stirring element to the drive shaft, for example in the axial direction, are prevented. Thus, in preferred embodiments, the relative position of the at least one stirring element to the drive shaft in the longitudinal direction of the drive shaft is predetermined or fixed.

It is also conceivable that one or more driver elements are brought into operative connection with the at least one stirring element and the drive shaft coupled to the at least one stirring element for common rotation to the drive shaft at a predefined relative rotational position of the drive shaft to at least one stirring element. The term "couple" must here be understood broadly, so that any possibilities can be provided in various embodiments, in which the at least one stirring elements right and / or left-handed by the drive shaft and together with the drive shaft is coaxially movable.

In particular, embodiments have proven in which via the coupling between the at least one stirring element and the drive shaft, a positive and / or positive connection between the at least one stirring element and the drive shaft is made.

It may also be that at least one of the plurality of stirring elements is brought without rotational play firmly connected to the drive shaft. A relative rotational movement between the drive shaft and this stirring element is not possible throughout. For example, the at least one stirring element, which is brought without rotation play firmly connected to the drive shaft, sit on the drive shaft and secured by screw and / or clamping and / or welding and / or other connections to the drive shaft.

At the beginning of a rotational movement of the drive shaft, the grinding bodies or grinding balls arranged in the grinding container can thus already be moved by the at least one stirring element which is fixedly connected to the drive shaft. The movement of the grinding balls has the effect of reducing the breakaway torque acting on the drive shaft during the subsequent coupling of one or more further stirring elements to the drive shaft. Thus, the moment transmitted by the at least one stirring element when coupled to the drive shaft is reduced, since the grinding bodies or grinding balls are at least partly already moved. In practice, it has been found that in particular embodiments can be used in which at least one stirring element or exactly one stirring element is non-rotatably in rotation or without rotational play with the drive shaft in connection.

It is also conceivable that all stirring elements, which are brought without rotation with fixed to the drive shaft in combination, combined into a module and releasably fixed to a front flange portion of the drive shaft. Since no relative movement to the shaft is possible between the drive shaft and the stirring elements without rotational play, if the device comprises a plurality of stirring elements without rotational play, relative movements between the individual stirring elements are prevented without rotational play. For example, the module via screw or the like at a front end of the drive shaft to be releasably connected to the drive shaft.

In particularly preferred embodiments, more and at least two such stirring elements are present, which are firmly connected to the drive shaft without rotational play. The at least two such stirring elements may be arranged adjacent along the longitudinal axis of the drive shaft and connected to the drive shaft or coupled to the drive shaft. In addition, the at least two such stirring elements may each have projections for the purpose of movement of grinding bodies and ground material with rotating movement of the respective stirring elements, wherein the projections of the stirring elements are aligned with each other.

It is also conceivable that at least one of the stirring elements is designed as a stirring disc, which in each case has a plurality of projections pointing away from the drive shaft. In particular, the at least one stirring element, between which and the drive shaft, a rotational play is formed, be formed as a stirring disc and having a plurality of the drive shaft facing away from projections.

If there are a plurality of stirring elements or stirring disks, between which and the drive shaft a rotational play is formed, then the projections of the several stirring elements or stirring disks can be oriented in alignment with each other after the coupling of the several stirring elements or stirring disks with the drive shaft.

If stirring elements are present, which are firmly connected to the drive shaft without rotational play, the projections of the stirring discs with rotational play to the projections of the stirring discs can be aligned with each other without rotation in a common rotation or rotation. Accordingly, all stirring elements designed as agitating disks may each comprise a plurality of projections pointing away from the drive shaft, the projections of all of the agitating elements formed as agitating disks being oriented in alignment with one another when the at least one stirring element is formed for common rotation on the drive shaft.

It may also be that between a plurality of the stirring elements and the drive shaft, a rotational play is formed, which allows a coaxial and limited relative rotational movement of the plurality of stirring elements to the drive shaft, wherein at least two of these stirring elements are independently rotatably movable.

In the case of rotational movement of the drive shaft, one or more first stirring elements can first be coupled to the drive shaft and then one or more second stirring elements can be coupled to the drive shaft. In particular, for embodiments in which a plurality of stirring elements have a rotational play to the drive shaft, such a successive coupling may be useful in order to reduce the respective maximum torque which acts on the drive shaft when the stirring elements are coupled. It is conceivable here that one or more stirring elements themselves each form one or more drivers, via which drivers they initiate a rotational movement of one or more further stirring elements, which form a rotational play relative to the drive shaft, after their incipient rotational movement. The one or more stirring elements, which in each case form one or more drivers, can be connected to the drive shaft in a rotationally fixed manner in a continuous manner and / or form a rotational play with respect to the drive shaft.

It will be clear to the person skilled in the art that he can provide any number of stirring elements which he successively couples to the drive shaft in the course of a rotation of the drive shaft, possibly by less than 360 °.

In principle, numerous embodiments are conceivable for the coupling between the at least one stirring element with rotational play and the drive shaft. In practice, for example, have proven embodiments in which between at least two stirring elements and the drive shaft, a rotational play is formed, wherein the at least two stirring elements are summarized by at least one parallel to the drive shaft Mitnehmerstab which when immersed in a corresponding groove of the drive shaft, the at least two stirring elements rotatably coupled to the drive shaft. The at least one driver rod can be firmly connected to the fewest two stirring elements, so that the position and the relative distance of the at least two stirring elements from each other by means of their fixed connection with the at least one driver rod is predetermined.

The groove can in this case be introduced parallel to the axis of rotation of the drive shaft in the drive shaft. If the at least two stirring elements, which are combined via a drive rod oriented parallel to the drive shaft, not coupled to the drive shaft and the drive shaft can be moved relative to the at least two stirring elements in the context of rotational play, as well as the Mitnehmerstab is moved relative to the drive shaft and can in this case in preferred embodiments with the drive shaft in surface contact.

During a relative rotational movement of the drive shaft by less than 360 ° to the combined via the Mitnehmerstab at least two stirring elements, the Mitnehmerstab can immerse in the corresponding groove of the drive shaft, so that the at least two stirring elements resulting from the drive shaft rotatably coupled or rotatably connected are. Accordingly, when coupling a positive connection between the respective Mitnehmerstab and the drive shaft may be formed.

It may also be that a plurality of first stirring elements are combined via at least one first driving rod and a plurality of second stirring elements via at least one second Mitnehmerstab are summarized, wherein the plurality of first stirring elements and the plurality of second stirring elements are coupled during a rotational movement of the drive shaft by less than 360 ° successively via the respective Mitnehmerstabes to the drive shaft. In this case, it may be that the drive shaft forms a groove in which after coupling a plurality of driver rods are arranged parallel to the longitudinal axis of the drive shaft.

In preferred embodiments, each of the stirring elements, between which and the drive shaft, a rotational play is formed, associated with at least two driving rods. The drive shaft can form an identical number of grooves corresponding to the number of entrainment bars corresponding to the respective entrainment bars. Upon coupling of the respective stirring element (s) with the drive shaft, the drive rods associated with the respective stirring element (s) may at least approximately simultaneously be immersed in their respective corresponding groove or disposed in their respective corresponding groove.

In addition, further embodiments for coupling the at least one stirring element, between which and the drive shaft, a rotational play is established, have proven. It is conceivable, for example, that the drive shaft is connected to at least one and preferably two drivers extending away from the drive shaft, which are guided against a respective associated stop of the stirring element at a certain relative rotational position of the at least one stirring element to the drive shaft. If two such drivers are present, they may be formed in one piece. The at least two drivers can point radially away from the drive shaft. If the at least one driver extending away from the drive shaft comes into surface contact with the stop of the stirring element, a coupling between the drive shaft and the stirring element can be formed and the respective stirring element can be driven in rotation by the drive shaft during its further rotational movement.

In this case, it may be that the at least one driver extending away from the drive shaft is held detachably on the drive shaft, for example via a connection with a feather key. Further embodiments are conceivable in which the at least one driver extending away from the drive shaft is fixed to the drive shaft, for example via non-positive and / or positive connections, provided that a rotationally fixed connection between the at least one driver and the drive shaft can be ensured.

In preferred embodiments, there are at least two drivers extending radially away from the drive shaft, with which the drive shaft is connected.

In order to ensure a possible wear-free and gentle coupling in the described embodiment with at least one driver and associated stop, has proven in practice to provide the respective driver and / or the respective stop with an elastic damping element which upon contact of the respective driver is interposed with its respective associated stop the respective driver and the respective associated stop.

Further, it may be that between a plurality of stirring elements and the drive shaft, a rotational play is formed, wherein the plurality of stirring elements rotatably connected to each other. If the at least one driver extending away from the drive shaft is guided against the respective associated stop of one of the several stirring elements, all the stirring elements connected to one another in a rotationally fixed manner can be moved in rotation via the drive shaft or via the at least one driver extending away from the drive shaft.

In addition, it is conceivable for one or more stirring elements to be moved in rotation over the driver extending away from the drive shaft and for one or more stirring elements themselves, as already described above, to have their own drivers via which the one or more stirring elements arrive after their beginning Rotational movement, a rotational movement of one or more other stirring elements, which form a rotational play relative to the drive shaft, initiate.

It may also be that each stirring element, between which and the drive shaft, a rotational play is formed, at least one own driver for non-rotatable coupling with the drive shaft is assigned.

The invention further relates to a method for starting a comminution process of solids or suspensions with solid fractions of a grinding device.

For the sake of completeness, it should be mentioned that features which have been mentioned above for various embodiments of the device according to the invention can also be used in various embodiments of the method according to the invention. In addition, features that below to various Embodiments of the method according to the invention may be present in various embodiments of the device according to the invention.

The grinding apparatus for implementing the method according to the invention comprises a grinding container having a plurality of grinding bodies received in the grinding container, at least one drive shaft extending into the milling container at the end side and a plurality of stirring elements positioned in the grinding container and rotatingly movable by the drive shaft. About the rotating movement of the stirring elements via the grinding media or via grinding balls the respective ground material is crushed by impact and shear forces.

In the context of the method according to the invention, a rotating movement of at least one stirring element is initiated via a coupling between the at least one stirring element and the drive shaft that is chronologically downstream from the rotational movement of the drive shaft and the incipient rotational movement of the drive shaft.

For example, for coupling or for mechanical coupling between the at least one stirring element and the drive shaft, a non-positive and / or positive connection between the at least one stirring element and the drive shaft can be produced.

Since the rotating movement of at least one stirring element is arranged downstream of the incipient rotational movement of the drive shaft, a breakaway torque, which acts on the drive shaft when the rotational movement begins, can be reduced. If the at least one stirring element is moved via the drive shaft, the at least one stirring element and the drive shaft rotate coaxially.

It may also be that at least one of the plurality of stirring elements is fixedly connected to the drive shaft and is rotatably moved together with the drive shaft at the beginning of rotational movement of the drive shaft. In preferred embodiments, a plurality of stirring elements are fixedly connected to the drive shaft and are rotated at the beginning of rotational movement of the drive shaft at the same time by the drive shaft in rotation.

It is also conceivable that the rotating movement of at least two stirring elements is introduced successively and in each case temporally after the beginning of the rotational movement of the drive shaft. Depending on the predetermined maximum torque to be absorbed by the drive shaft, the rotational movements of more than two, for example three or four, stirring elements can be initiated successively and chronologically after the rotational movement of the drive shaft has begun.

It can also be provided that a plurality of stirring elements are combined whose rotational movement is initiated at the same time and after the beginning of rotational movement of the drive shaft via a rotating coupling between the plurality of stirring elements and the drive shaft.

For example, a plurality of first stirring elements and a plurality of second stirring elements may be combined. The rotating movement of the first plurality of stirring elements can be initiated at the same time and after the beginning of rotational movement of the drive shaft, while subsequently the rotating movement of the plurality of second stirring elements is initiated at the same time. It is clear to the person skilled in the art that several stirring elements can be combined to form further groups, for example a plurality of third and fourth stirring elements, wherein the rotational movements of the groups are initiated in succession.

In preferred embodiments, it may also be provided that projections of the plurality of stirring elements extend in the direction away from the drive shaft, wherein after initiation of rotational movement of all stirring elements, the projections of at least two stirring elements are aligned with each other.

As previously mentioned, it may be that at least one of the plurality of stirring elements is fixedly connected to the drive shaft and is rotatably moved together with the drive shaft at the beginning of rotational movement of the drive shaft. The stirring element fixedly connected to the drive shaft may in this case have projections which preferably point radially away from the drive shaft and optionally in the direction of an inner wall of the grinding container. If another stirring element is coupled to the drive shaft in terms of time after the beginning of the rotational movement, its projections can be oriented in alignment with the projections of the stirring element fixedly connected to the drive shaft.

In preferred embodiments, it may also be provided that, when the coupling is formed between the at least one stirring element and the drive shaft, all the stirring elements or the projections of all the stirring elements are oriented in alignment with one another.

Furthermore, it is provided for preferred embodiments that the time after initiation of a rotating movement of all the stirring elements Drive shaft stopped and then rotating in the reverse direction is moved. When changing the direction of rotation, the coupling between the at least one stirring element and the drive shaft can be temporarily released and subsequently produced from the rotational movement in the reverse direction as a result. If the coupling is restored, the at least one stirring element is rotated in the reverse direction together with the drive shaft.

It is also conceivable that, after initiating a rotating movement of all the stirring elements, the drive shaft is subsequently moved in the reverse direction of rotation until the coupling between the at least one stirring element and the drive shaft is canceled. After canceled coupling between the at least one stirring element and the drive shaft, the drive shaft can in turn be rotated in the first or in the previous direction of rotation.

In the following, embodiments of the invention and their advantages with reference to the accompanying figures will be explained in more detail. The proportions of the individual elements to one another in the figures do not always correspond to the actual size ratios, since some shapes are simplified and other shapes are shown enlarged in relation to other elements for better illustration.

1 shows a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of a device according to the invention.

2 shows a schematic perspective view of the embodiment 1 with clarification of further details.

3 shows a cross section through a further embodiment of a device according to the invention.

For identical or equivalent elements of the invention, identical reference numerals are used. Furthermore, for the sake of clarity, only reference symbols are shown in the individual figures, which are required for the description of the respective figure. The illustrated embodiments are merely examples of how the device or method of the invention may be configured and are not an exhaustive limitation.

1 shows a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of a device according to the invention 1 , The device 1 is intended for the crushing processing of solids or suspensions with solids and in this case as a stirred ball mill 2 educated. The solids, which by means of the device 1 can be crushed, for example, be formed by minerals.

Indicated in phantom lines is a component of the device 1 formed cylindrical grinding container 5 , in which the respective ground material and a plurality of grinding balls (not shown) are arranged. The grinding container 5 is immovable or stationary stored and may frontally optionally on a in 1 unrecognizable container bottom and container lid have.

numeral 4 refers to a part of a drive shaft which is connected via an intermediate gear with an engine, not shown for reasons of clarity in the figures patent application, in connection. As the grinding container 5 immovably mounted or formed stationary, the drive shaft rotates 4 relative to the grinding container 5 ,

Next are several first stirring elements 3 to 3c as well as several second stirring elements 6 to 6d shown, which a plurality of first stirring elements 3 to 3c and which plural second stirring elements 6 to 6d via the drive shaft 4 coaxially rotating or about the longitudinal axis L of the drive shaft 4 are rotatably movable. It can also be seen that the first stirring elements 3 to 3c are each formed as a stirring disc, while the second stirring elements 6 to 6d to a module 20 summarized and rotatably connected to each other. Also designed as stirring discs stirring elements 3 to 3c form a module 10 ,

Both the first stirring elements 3 to 3c as well as the second stirring elements 6 to 6d include for movement in the grinding container 5 arranged grinding balls and the ground material each projections 7 to 7c such as 9 to 9d which projections 7 to 7c such as 9 to 9d with rotating movement of the first stirring elements 3 to 3c and the second stirring elements 6 to 6d via the drive shaft 4 have an aligned orientation to each other and radially away from the drive shaft 4 in the direction of an inner wall of the grinding container 5 point.

It should be noted that the illustrated in the figures of the present patent application geometric configuration of the projections 7 to 7c such as 9 to 9d merely by way of example. So the projections can 7 to 7c and / or the projections 9 to 9d have further shapes and be formed here for example by rods and / or blades. Also the number of first stirring elements 3 to 3c as well as the second stirring elements 6 to 6d was chosen only as an example.

By positioning the stirring elements 3 to 3c such as 6 to 6d along the longitudinal axis L of the drive shaft 4 and its rotating movement via the drive shaft 4 is the longitudinal axis L of the drive shaft 4 at the same time as a rotation axis for the stirring elements 3 to 3c such as 6 to 6d educated.

Between the first stirring elements 3 to 3c and the drive shaft 4 is formed a rotational play, which a coaxial and limited relative rotational movement of the first stirring elements 3 to 3c to the drive shaft 4 allowed around the longitudinal axis L.

The second stirring elements 6 to 6d are with each other and with the drive shaft 4 rotatably connected, so that at an incipient rotational movement of the drive shaft 4 and putting the device into operation 1 the second stirring elements 6 to 6d already synchronous with the drive shaft 4 to be turned around.

As between the first stirring elements 3 to 3c and the drive shaft 4 a rotational play or freewheel is formed, the first stirring elements 3 to 3c at the beginning of rotational movement of the drive shaft 4 initially not from the drive shaft 4 driven and together with the drive shaft 4 not rotating. A breakaway torque, which at the beginning of rotational movement of the drive shaft 4 must be recorded, is thus against a continuous non-rotatable connection of all stirring elements 3 to 3c such as 6 to 6d reduced trained.

Due to this, for the rotary movement of the drive shaft 4 Motors are used with lower power and lower purchase price, which also have a smaller dimensioning. Also, such motors are characterized by a reduced power consumption, so that by means of the device 1 an energy-saving comminution of ground material is feasible. Is the drive shaft 4 and the motor, not shown, a gear interposed, so is in the device 1 reduces the load on the transmission due to the lower maximum torque.

Load peaks, which with continuous solid coupling of all stirring elements 3 to 3c such as 6 to 6d on the drive shaft 4 would be in the device 1 reduced trained, bringing a lower torsion of the drive shaft 4 and a longer life is associated.

The rotational play or the degree of freedom between the first stirring elements 3 to 3c and the drive shaft 4 is at the device 1 limited. Will a rotational movement of the drive shaft 4 introduced, so are the stirring elements 3 to 3c initially not to the drive shaft 4 rotatably coupled to the breakaway torque of the drive shaft 4 Reduce accordingly at the beginning of the rotational movement.

In the course of a rotational movement of the drive shaft 4 less than 360 ° takes the drive shaft 4 a certain relative rotational position to the first stirring elements 3 to 3c in which the first stirring elements 3 to 3c with the drive shaft 4 coupled and rotationally fixed to the drive shaft 4 be associated.

1 shows a first embodiment, such as such a coupling or such a rotationally fixed connection between the first stirring elements 3 to 3c and the drive shaft 4 at certain relative rotational position of the drive shaft 4 to the first stirring elements 3 to 3c can be done.

To recognize this are two driving rods 12 and 12a , which are the first stirring elements 3 to 3c summarize and connect together non-rotatably. About the driver rods 12 and 12a are the first stirring elements 3 to 3c to a module 10 summarized, so that a relative rotational movement of the stirring elements 3 to 3c to each other by means of the driving rods 12 and 12a is prevented. Next is about the Mitnehmerstäbe 12 and 12a the relative position of the first stirring elements 3 to 3c along the longitudinal axis L of the drive shaft 4 fixed, so that the stirring elements 3 to 3c in addition to the rotational play no further degrees of freedom relative to the drive shaft 4 have.

Takes the drive shaft 4 a relative rotational position to the first stirring elements 3 to 3c a, so dive the Mitnehmerstäbe 12 and 12a in corresponding grooves of the drive shaft 4 and couple the stirring elements 3 to 3c via positive connection to the drive shaft 4 , In the embodiment of 1 forms the drive shaft 4 even the grooves for coupling the first stirring elements 3 to 3c out. However, it is also conceivable that aids on the drive shaft 4 are placed, which form the grooves and rotatably connected to the drive shaft in communication.

Upon further rotation of the drive shaft 4 and following the coupling, the first stirring elements 3 to 3c frequency synchronous with the drive shaft 4 emotional. The relative rotational position of the drive shaft 4 to the first stirring elements 3 to 3c is from the coupling of the first stirring elements 3 to 3c via the driver rods 12 and 12a maintained throughout.

Is the coupling between the first stirring elements 3 to 3c and the drive shaft 4 not trained, or dive the Mitnehmerstäbe 12 and 12a not in the corresponding grooves, so are the Mitnehmerstäbe 12 and 12a with the outer circumferential surface of the drive shaft 4 Slidably brought into surface contact and are at relative rotational movement of the drive shaft 4 to the first stirring elements 3 to 3c on the outer circumferential surface of the drive shaft 4 guided along.

As 1 In addition, lets recognize both Mitnehmstäbe 12 and 12a at relative rotational movement of the drive shaft 4 to the first stirring elements 3 to 3c at least approximately at the same time in their respective assigned groove.

A course of the grooves, which in 1 in the drive shaft 4 are introduced, is present parallel to the longitudinal axis L of the drive shaft 4 oriented. The grooves have a longitudinal extent parallel to the axis of rotation L, which in terms of their dimensioning at least one longitudinal extent of the respective associated Mitnehmerstabes 12 respectively 12a equivalent. In preferred embodiments, the number of grooves corresponding to the number of Mitnehmerstäben 12 respectively 12a educated.

In the 1 illustrated embodiment represents only one way that on the drive shaft 4 To be able to reduce effective breakaway torque. Thus, further embodiments are conceivable in which additional modules, each formed from one or more stirring elements, are present, wherein the coupling of the individual module for common rotational movement to the drive shaft 4 in successive steps.

Next is the in 1 illustrated coupling via the Mitnehmerstäben 12 and 12a merely by way of example, so that there are other possibilities, of the inventive idea waiving the Mitnehmerstäbe 12 and 12a Use. In particular, non-positive and / or positive connections are suitable for a coupling between the stirring elements 3 to 3c and the drive shaft 4 temporally after the beginning of the rotational movement of the drive shaft 4 manufacture.

It is also conceivable that all of the first stirring elements 3 to 3c are rotatable relative to each other, wherein a coupling of the first stirring elements 3 to 3c with the drive shaft 4 at least proportionally in successive steps.

2 shows a schematic perspective view of the embodiment 1 with clarification of further details. The grinding container 5 is in 2 not shown for reasons of clarity.

Is shown in 2 continue the already described module 20 with the second stirring elements 6 to 6d as well as the module 10 with the first stirring elements 3 to 3c , The second stirring elements 6 to 6d of the module 20 are rotationally fixed together and together from the drive shaft 4 removable.

As in 2 to recognize is the entire module 20 with all the second stirring elements 6 to 6d frontally on the drive shaft 4 via screw connections 28 fixed and rotationally fixed to the drive shaft 4 held.

Conceivable are other embodiments in which the module 20 via alternative compounds or in which the second stirring elements 6 to 6d individually with the drive shaft 4 continuously rotatably and are brought together without rotation. For example, for this purpose, the second stirring elements 6 to 6d rotatably on the drive shaft 4 seated.

Also, it may be that the continuous rotation with the drive shaft 4 related second stirring elements 6 to 6d are absent and the first stirring elements 3 to 3c temporally after the beginning of the rotational movement of the drive shaft 4 mechanically to the drive shaft 4 be coupled.

It is also conceivable in alternative embodiments that the driver rods 12 and 12a with the drive shaft 4 communicate and the first stirring elements 3 to 3c form corresponding corresponding grooves. In the course of a rotational movement of the drive shaft 4 can the driver rods 12 and 12a then into the corresponding grooves of the stirring elements 3 to 3c plunge.

In 2 are the first stirring elements 3 to 3c already to the drive shaft 4 coupled so that the projections 7 to 7c to the tabs 9 to 9d are aligned in alignment.

If a comminution process for the respective regrind finished, then the rotational movement of the drive shaft 4 and thereby the rotational movement of the drive shaft 4 coupled stirring elements 3 to 3c and 6 to 6d stopped. Since all stirring elements 3 to 3c such as 6 to 6d with the drive shaft 4 rotatably connected or to the drive shaft 4 are coupled, must to reduce the breakaway torque at renewed onset of rotation of the drive shaft 4 a decoupling of the first stirring elements 3 to 3c done by the drive shaft. For this purpose, the driving rods 12 and 12a via a relative rotational movement of the first stirring elements 3 to 3c to the drive shaft 4 out of their respective associated groove around the longitudinal axis L and in the region of the rotational play.

Due to their rotational play, the first stirring elements 3 to 3c about the longitudinal axis L relative to the drive shaft 4 to be moved. By contrast, stand the second stirring elements 6 to 6d continuous rotation with the drive shaft 4 in conjunction and thus can not relative to the drive shaft 4 to be moved in rotation.

Will the device 1 put back into operation, so are the first stirring elements 3 to 3c at the beginning of rotational movement of the drive shaft 4 first of the drive shaft 4 decoupled. In the course of a rotational movement of the drive shaft 4 less than 360 ° dip the driving rods 12 and 12a again in their respective associated groove, resulting in a rotationally fixed coupling of the first stirring elements 3 to 3c with the drive shaft 4 results. The non-rotatable coupling is still the incipient rotational movement of the drive shaft 4 time-subordinate, so that on the drive shaft 4 acting torque at the beginning of rotation of the drive shaft 4 opposite to a continuous non-rotatable connection of all stirring elements 3 to 3c such as 6 to 6d with the drive shaft 4 is formed reduced.

3 shows a cross section through a further embodiment of a device according to the invention 1 , In particular clarifies 3 Another option is the first stirring elements 3 to 3c temporally after the beginning of the rotational movement of the drive shaft 4 with the drive shaft 4 to pair.

To recognize are in 3 furthermore a first stirring element 3 and a second stirring element 6 , Next the projections 9 of the second stirring element 6 , Due to the cross-sectional position, the projections 7 respectively 7 to 7c of the first stirring element 3 in 3 not recognizable.

Shown are two of the drive shaft 4 radially away extending driver 13 and 13a , The drivers 13 and 13a are integrally formed and a feather key 15 rotatably with the drive shaft 4 connected. Other embodiments are conceivable in which a non-positive and / or positive connection for rotationally fixed coupling of the driver 13 and 13a with the drive shaft 4 is provided.

The first stirring element 3 has two stops 17 and 17a against which the drivers 13 and 13a during rotational movement of the drive shaft 4 are guided. Join the takers 13 and 13a in contact, is the first stirring element 3 to the drive shaft 4 coupled and together with the drive shaft 4 moved coaxially rotating.

To recognize further is a rotational play, which between the first stirring element 3 and the drive shaft 4 in the absence of surface contact of the respective stop 17 and 17a with the respective associated driver 13 and 13a is trained.

The first stirring element 3 has own drivers 14 and 14 ' , Will be the first stirring element 3 through a coupling via the drivers 13 and 13a rotating from the drive shaft 4 moves, so occur in the course of the rotational movement of the first stirring element 3 your own drivers 14 and 14 ' with at least one other of the stirring elements 3a to 3c in contact, resulting in a rotating movement of the or each other further stirring elements 3a to 3c is initiated. In various embodiments, it may be provided that each of the stirring elements 3 to 3c , between which and the drive shaft 4 a rotational game is formed, one or more own driver 14 and 14 ' are assigned, so that the rotating movement of all of the stirring elements 3 to 3c is initiated in succession. It is conceivable here that the drive shaft 4 performs a rotational movement by more than 360 ° until all of the stirring elements 3 to 3c coupled with the drive shaft 4 communicate and via the drive shaft 4 be moved in rotation.

Advantageously, in the in 3 illustrated embodiment, the drive shaft 4 stopped at the end of a milling process and then be moved in rotation in the reverse direction of rotation. The coupling between the stirring elements 3 to 3c is solved temporarily. The breakaway torque of the drive shaft 4 is therefore formed at the beginning of rotational movement in the reverse direction also reduced.

Next, subsequently resulting from the rotational movement in the reverse direction of rotation and the incipient rotational movement of the drive shaft 4 in the reverse direction of rotation, the coupling of the stirring elements is arranged chronologically downstream 3 to 3c with the drive shaft 4 be restored.

In further embodiments, it is conceivable that each of the first stirring elements 3 to 3c at least one driver 13 respectively 13a assigned. Also, it may be that the takers 13 and 13a for the rotationally fixed coupling of all of the first stirring elements 3 to 3c with the drive shaft 4 are formed.

Because the drive shaft 4 If appropriate, may have a high rotational frequency, embodiments have proven in which the drivers 13 respectively 13a and / or the attacks 17 respectively 17a an elastic damping element (not shown) is assigned. If the respective first stirring element 3 to 3c rotating via the drive shaft 4 is moved, can the drivers 13 respectively 13a and the respective associated stop 17 respectively 17 the elastic damping element be interposed.

The invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications or changes may be made to the invention without departing from the scope of the following claims.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

 contraption

2

 stirred ball mill

3

 First stirring element

4

 drive shaft

5

 Cutting container

6

 Second stirring element

7

 head Start

9

 head Start

10

 module

12

 carry-along rod

13

 takeaway

14

 Own driver

15

 Adjusting spring

17

 attack

20

 module

L

 longitudinal axis

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 102010056287 A1 [0005]

Claims (15)

Contraption ( 1 ) for comminuting solids or suspensions containing solids, comprising a grinding container ( 5 ) with a plurality of in the grinding container ( 5 ) received grinding media, at least one end face in the grinding container ( 5 ) extending drive shaft ( 4 ) and several in the grinding container ( 5 ) and from the drive shaft ( 4 ) rotatably movable stirring elements ( 3 . 3a . 3b . 3c . 6 . 6a . 6b . 6c . 6d ), characterized in that between at least one ( 3 . 3a . 3b . 3c ) of the plurality of stirring elements ( 3 . 3a . 3b . 3c . 6 . 6a . 6b . 6c . 6d ) and the drive shaft ( 4 ) a rotational play is formed, which has a coaxial and limited relative rotational movement of the at least one stirring element ( 3 . 3a . 3b . 3c ) to the drive shaft ( 4 ) allowed. Device according to Claim 1, in which one or more entrainment elements ( 12 . 12a . 13 . 13a ) with the at least one stirring element ( 3 . 3a . 3b . 3c ) and the drive shaft ( 4 ) are brought into operative connection with the predefined relative rotational position of the drive shaft ( 4 ) to at least one stirring element ( 3 . 3a . 3b . 3c ) the at least one stirring element ( 3 . 3a . 3b . 3c ) for common rotation to the drive shaft ( 4 ) couple. Apparatus according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein at least one ( 6 . 6a . 6b . 6c ) of the plurality of stirring elements ( 3 . 3a . 3b . 3c . 6 . 6a . 6b . 6c . 6d ) without rotational play fixed to the drive shaft ( 4 ). Device according to one or more of claims 1 to 3, wherein at least one of the plurality of stirring elements ( 3 . 3a . 3b . 3c . 6 . 6a . 6b . 6c . 6d ) is formed as a stirring disc, the more of the drive shaft ( 4 ) pointing away projections ( 7 . 7a . 7b . 7c ). Device according to claims 2 to 4, in which all agitating elements ( 3 . 3a . 3b . 3c . 6 . 6a . 6b . 6c . 6d ) each of a plurality of the drive shaft ( 4 ) pointing away projections ( 7 . 7a . 7b . 7c . 9 . 9a . 9b . 9c . 9d ), wherein with trained coupling of the at least one stirring element ( 3 . 3a . 3b . 3c ) for common rotation to the drive shaft ( 4 ) the projections ( 7 . 7a . 7b . 7c . 9 . 9a . 9b . 9c . 9d ) of all stirring elements ( 3 . 3a . 3b . 3c . 6 . 6a . 6b . 6c . 6d ) are oriented in alignment with each other. Device according to one or more of claims 1 to 5, wherein between several ( 3 . 3a . 3b . 3c ) of the stirring elements ( 3 . 3a . 3b . 3c . 6 . 6a . 6b . 6c . 6d ) and the drive shaft ( 4 ) a rotational play is formed, which has a coaxial and limited relative rotational movement of the plurality of stirring elements ( 3 . 3a . 3b . 3c ) to the drive shaft ( 4 ), wherein at least two of these stirring elements ( 3 . 3a . 3b . 3c ) are independently movable in rotation. Device according to one or more of claims 1 to 6, wherein between at least two stirring elements ( 3 . 3a . 3b . 3c ) and the drive shaft ( 4 ) a rotational play is formed, wherein the at least two stirring elements ( 3 . 3a . 3b . 3c ) by a parallel to the drive shaft ( 4 ) oriented driver rod ( 12 . 12a ), which when immersed in a corresponding groove of the drive shaft ( 4 ) the at least two stirring elements ( 3 . 3a . 3b . 3c ) rotationally fixed to the drive shaft ( 4 ) couples. Device according to one or more of claims 1 to 6, wherein the drive shaft ( 4 ) with at least one and preferably two of the drive shaft ( 4 ) extending away ( 13 . 13a ), which at a certain relative rotational position of the at least one stirring element ( 3 . 3a . 3b . 3c ) to the drive shaft ( 4 ) against a respectively assigned stop ( 17 . 17a ) of the stirring element ( 3 . 3a . 3b . 3c ) are guided. Apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the drive shaft ( 4 ) with at least two of the drive shaft ( 4 ) radially extending drivers ( 13 . 13a ). Method for starting a comminution process of solids or suspensions with solids content of a grinding device ( 1 ), which grinding device ( 1 ) a grinding container ( 5 ) with a plurality of in the grinding container ( 5 ) received Mahlkörpern, at least one end face in the grinding container extending drive shaft ( 4 ) and several in the grinding container ( 5 ) and from the drive shaft ( 4 ) rotatably movable stirring elements ( 3 . 3a . 3b . 3c . 6 . 6a . 6b . 6c . 6d ), the method characterized in that the rotating movement of at least one stirring element ( 3 . 3a . 3b . 3c ) via one of the rotational movement of the drive shaft ( 4 ) and the incipient rotational movement of the drive shaft ( 4 ) temporally downstream coupling between the at least one stirring element ( 3 . 3a . 3b . 3c ) and the drive shaft ( 4 ) is initiated. The method of claim 10, wherein at least one of the plurality of stirring elements ( 6 . 6a . 6b . 6c . 6d ) fixed to the drive shaft ( 4 ) is connected and at the beginning of rotational movement of the drive shaft ( 4 ) together with the drive shaft ( 4 ) is rotated. A method according to claim 10 or claim 11, wherein the rotational movement of at least two stirring elements is consecutive and respectively temporally after the beginning of the rotational movement of the drive shaft ( 4 ) is initiated. Method according to one or more of claims 10 to 12, wherein a plurality of stirring elements ( 3 . 3a . 3b . 3c ) whose rotational movement coincide and after the beginning of the rotational movement of the drive shaft ( 4 ) via a coupling between the plurality of stirring elements ( 3 . 3a . 3b . 3c ) and the drive shaft ( 4 ) is initiated. Method according to one or more of claims 10 to 13, wherein of the plurality of stirring elements ( 3 . 3a . 3b . 3c . 6 . 6a . 6b . 6c . 6d ) Projections ( 7 . 7a . 7b . 7c . 9 . 9a . 9b . 9c . 9d ) in the direction away from the drive shaft ( 4 ), wherein after the initiation of rotational movement of all the stirring elements ( 3 . 3a . 3b . 3c . 6 . 6a . 6b . 6c . 6d ) the projections ( 7 . 7a . 7b . 7c . 9 . 9a . 9b . 9c . 9d ) are aligned at least two stirring elements in alignment with each other. Method according to one or more of Claims 10 to 14, in which, after initiation of a rotating movement, all the stirring elements ( 3 . 3a . 3b . 3c . 6 . 6a . 6b . 6c . 6d ) the drive shaft ( 4 ) and then rotating in the reverse direction of rotation is moved, wherein when changing the direction of rotation, the coupling between the at least one stirring element ( 3 . 3a . 3b . 3c ) and the drive shaft ( 4 ) is temporarily released and is subsequently produced from the rotational movement in the reverse direction as a result.

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