KR20010024886A - 신규한 첨가제 조성물 - Google Patents

신규한 첨가제 조성물 Download PDF

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KR20010024886A
KR20010024886A KR1020007008250A KR20007008250A KR20010024886A KR 20010024886 A KR20010024886 A KR 20010024886A KR 1020007008250 A KR1020007008250 A KR 1020007008250A KR 20007008250 A KR20007008250 A KR 20007008250A KR 20010024886 A KR20010024886 A KR 20010024886A
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South Korea
Prior art keywords
oil
component
additive composition
phosphate
compound
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KR1020007008250A
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English (en)
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다카기후미아키
아베가즈아키
야마나카마사미
간노노리히토
이치타니가츠미
Original Assignee
도미나가 가즈토
이데미쓰 고산 가부시키가이샤
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Publication of KR20010024886A publication Critical patent/KR20010024886A/ko

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    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
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Abstract

(a) 분자 내에 하기 화학식 I의 기를 갖는 화합물 및 (b) 황 및/또는 인을 함유하는 극압성 향상제를 포함하고, 추가로, (c)성분으로서 황 및 인을 포함하지 않는 극압성 향상제를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 신규한 첨가제 조성물이다:
화학식 I
상기 식에서,
Rl, R2및 R3은 각각 수소 원자 또는 메틸기를 나타내고, R2및 R3의 적어도 하나는 수소원자이다.
이 첨가제 조성물을 함유한 윤활유 조성물은 높은 내소부성을 갖는 것으로, 단조유, 프레스 가공유, 드로잉 오일, 압연유, 절삭유, 연삭유 등의 금속 가공유나 동작유로서 유효하게 사용된다.

Description

신규한 첨가제 조성물{NOVEL ADDITIVE COMPOSITIONS}
단조유, 프레스 가공유, 드로잉 오일, 압연유, 절삭유, 연삭유 등의 금속 가공유에 있어서는, 가공성을 향상시키기 위해 광유, 합성유, 함수계 오일(에멀젼, 용액 등)에 첨가제로서 각종 유성제나 극압제가 배합되어 있다. 그 중에서도, 단조유의 첨가제는 내소부성이 요구된다.
또한, 내연기관, 구동계 기기(자동 변속기, 완충기, 파워 스티어링 등), 기어 등에는, 그 작동을 원활히 하기 위해 윤활유가 사용되고 있는데, 최근의 고출력, 높은 하중 하에서는 윤활성이 부족하고, 윤활면이 마찰·마모에 노출되어 늘어붙음을 일으키기 때문에, 첨가제로서 각종 유성제, 극압제가 배합되어 있다. 이와 같이 첨가제에는 높은 내소부성이 요구된다. 이를 해결하기 위해서, 많은 첨가제가 개발되었지만, 아직 충분히 만족할만한 것은 없다.
그러나, 최근, 첨가제가 작업 환경이나 자연 환경에 주는 영향도 우려되고 있기 때문에, 그 가능성이 있는 것은 가능한 한 사용하지 않는 것이 좋다. 특히, 염소나 납을 포함한 첨가제는 인체나 자연 환경에 악영향을 준다는 것이 지적되고 있다. 또한, 자연 환경이나 작업 환경 등에 악영향을 미칠 가능성이 있는 것으로서는, 아연, 몰리브덴, 알칼리 금속, 알칼리 토금속을 들 수 있다.
본 발명은 상기 관점에서 이루어진 것으로, 높은 내소부성을 갖는 신규한 첨가제 조성물을 제공하는 것을 목적으로 하는 것이며, 나아가 높은 내소부성을 갖고, 또한 작업 환경이나 자연 환경에도 악영향을 미칠 가능성이 적은 신규한 첨가제 조성물을 제공하는 것도 목적으로 하는 것이다.
본 발명은 신규한 첨가제 조성물에 관한 것으로, 더욱 상세하게는, 내소부성(耐燒付性)이 우수한 신규한 첨가제 조성물에 관한 것이다.
본 발명자들은, 예의 연구를 거듭한 결과, 황 및/또는 인을 포함한 극압성 향상제와 아크릴레이트 화합물 또는 메타크릴레이트 화합물을 병용함으로써 본 발명의 목적을 효과적으로 달성할 수 있다는 것을 발견하여 본 발명을 완성하기에 이르렀다. 즉, 본 발명의 요지는 하기와 같다.
(1) (a) 분자 내에 하기 화학식 I의 기를 갖는 화합물 및 (b) 황 및/또는 인을 함유하는 극압성 향상제를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 신규한 첨가제 조성물:
상기 식에서,
Rl, R2및 R3은, 각각 수소 원자 또는 메틸기를 나타내고, R2및 R3의 적어도 하나는 수소원자이다.
(2) 추가로, (c)성분으로서 황 및 인을 포함하지 않는 극압성 향상제를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 신규한 첨가제 조성물.
(3) (b)성분이 할로겐 화합물을 포함하지 않는 것인 (1) 또는 (2)에 기재된 신규한 첨가제 조성물.
(4) (b)성분이 납 화합물을 포함하지 않는 것인 (l) 내지 (3) 중 어느 하나에 기재된 신규한 첨가제 조성물.
(5) (c)성분이 할로겐 화합물을 포함하지 않는 것인 (2) 내지 (4) 중 어느 하나에 기재된 신규한 첨가제 조성물.
(6) (c)성분이 납 화합물을 포함하지 않는 것인 (2) 내지 (5) 중 어느 하나에 기재된 신규한 첨가제 조성물.
(7) (b)성분이 금속 화합물을 포함하지 않는 것인 (l) 내지 (6) 중 어느 하나에 기재된 신규한 첨가제 조성물.
(8) (c)성분이 금속 화합물을 포함하지 않는 것인 (2) 내지 (7) 중 어느 하나에 기재된 신규한 첨가제 조성물.
이하, 본 발명의 실시 형태를 설명한다.
우선, 본 발명을 구성하는 (a)성분의 화합물은, 분자 내에 화학식 I로 표시되는 기를 갖는 화합물이다:
화학식 I
상기 식에서,
Rl, R2및 R3은 각각 수소 원자 또는 메틸기를 나타내고, R2및 R3의 적어도 하나는 수소원자이다. 또한, 상기 화학식 I로 표시되는 기는, 분자 내에 1개 포함되어 있어도 좋고, 다수개를 포함해도 좋다.
상기 화학식 I로 표시되는 기를 갖는 화합물의 예로서는, 폴리에틸렌 글리콜 디아크릴레이트; 폴리에틸렌 글리콜 디메타크릴레이트; 카프로락톤 변성 히드록시 피발산 네오펜틸 글리콜 에스테르 디아크릴레이트, 카프로락톤 변성 히드록시 피발산 네오펜틸 글리콜 에스테르 디메타크릴레이트; 2,2-비스(4-에틸렌글리콕시페닐)프로판 디아크릴레이트; 2,2-비스(4-폴리에틸렌글리콕시페닐)프로판 디메타크릴레이트; 2, 2-비스(4-폴리에틸렌글리콕시페닐)프로판 디아크릴레이트; 2, 2-비스(4-폴리에틸렌글리콕시페닐)프로판 디메타크릴레이트; 트리스(프로필렌 글리콜 아크릴레이트)글리세린 에테르; 트리스(폴리프로필렌 글리콜 아크릴레이트)글리세린 에테르; 트리메틸올프로판(에틸렌글리콜 아크릴레이트)에테르; 트리메틸올프로판(폴리에틸렌 글리콜 아크릴레이트)에테르; 트리메틸올프로판(에틸렌 글리콜 메타크릴레이트)에테르; 트리메틸올프로판(폴리에틸렌 글리콜 메타크릴레이트)에테르; 디펜타에리스리톨 아크릴레이트; 디펜타에리스리톨 메타크릴레이트; 카프로락톤 변성 디펜타에리스리톨 아크릴레이트; 카프로락톤 변성 디펜타에리스리톨 메타크릴레이트; 펜타에리스리톨(이소스테아레이트, 2-에틸헥사노에이트, 디아크릴레이트); 디펜타에리스리톨(트리노나노에이트, 트리아크릴레이트) 등을 들 수 있다. 그 중에서도, 가공성 향상 면에서, 펜타에리스리톨(이소스테아레이트, 2-에틸헥사노에이트, 디아크릴레이트); 디펜타에리스리톨(트리노나노에이트, 트리아크릴레이트) 등이 바람직하다.
본 발명에 있어서, 상기 (a)성분은 1종 사용하여도 좋고, 2종 이상을 조합하여 사용하여도 좋다.
다음에, 본 발명을 구성하는 (b)성분 중, 황을 함유하는 극압성 향상제로서는 분자 내에 황 원자를 갖고, 윤활유 기제유에 용해 또는 균일하게 분산하여, 극압성을 향상시키는 효과를 발휘할 수 있는 것이면 좋고, 특별한 제한은 없다. 이러한 것으로서는, 예컨대 황화 유지, 황화 광유, 황화 지방산, 황화 에스테르, 황화 올레핀, 디히드로카빌폴리설파이드, 티아디아졸 화합물, 알킬티오카바모일 화합물, 티오테르펜 화합물, 디알킬티오디프로피오네이트 화합물 등을 들 수 있다. 여기에서, 황화 유지는 황이나 황-함유 화합물과 유지(라드유, 경유, 식물유, 어유 등)를 반응시켜 수득되는 것으로, 그 황 함유량은 특별히 제한은 없지만, 일반적으로 5 내지 30 중량%인 것이 바람직하다. 구체적인 예로서는, 황화 라드, 황화 평지유, 황화 피마자유, 황화 대두유, 황화 쌀겨유 등을 들 수 있다. 황화 지방산의 예로서는, 황화 올레산 등을 들 수 있고, 황화 에스테르의 예로서는, 황화 올레산 메틸이나 황화 쌀겨 지방산 옥틸 등을 들 수 있다.
황화 올레핀으로서는, 예컨대, 하기 화학식 Ⅱ로 표시되는 화합물 등을 들 수 있다:
R4-Sa-R5
상기 식에서,
R4는 탄소수 2 내지 15의 알케닐기이고,
R5는 탄소수 2 내지 l5의 알킬기 또는 알케닐기를 나타내며, a는 l 내지 8의 정수를 나타낸다.
이 화합물은, 탄소수 2 내지 15의 올레핀 또는 그 이량체 내지 사량체를, 황, 염화 황 등의 황화제와 반응시킴으로써 수득되며, 이러한 올레핀으로서는 프로필렌, 이소부텐, 디이소부텐 등이 바람직하다.
또한, 디히드로카빌폴리설파이드는 하기의 화학식 Ⅲ로 표시되는 화합물이다:
R6-Sb-R7
상기 식에서,
R6및 R7은 각각 탄소수 1 내지 20의 알킬기 또는 환상 알킬기, 탄소수 6 내지 20의 아릴기, 탄소수 7 내지 20의 알킬아릴기 또는 탄소수 7 내지 20의 아릴알킬기를 나타내며, 이들은 서로 동일하거나 상이해도 좋고,
b는 2 내지 8의 정수를 나타낸다.
여기에서, R6및 R7이 알킬기인 경우, 황화 알킬이라 지칭된다.
상기 화학식 Ⅲ에 있어서의 R6및 R7의 구체적인 예로서는, 메틸기, 에틸기, n-프로필기, 이소프로필기, n-부틸기, 이소부틸기, 2급-부틸기, 3급-부틸기, 각종 펜틸기, 각종 헥실기, 각종 헵틸기, 각종 옥틸기, 각종 노닐기, 각종 데실기, 각종 도데실기, 시클로헥실기, 시클로 옥틸기, 페닐기, 나프틸기, 톨릴기, 크실릴기, 벤질기, 페네틸기 등을 들 수 있다.
이러한 디히드로카빌 폴리설파이드로서는, 예컨대, 디벤질 폴리설파이드, 각종 디노닐 폴리설파이드, 각종 디도데실 폴리설파이드, 각종 디부틸 폴리설파이드, 각종 디옥틸 폴리설파이드, 디페닐 폴리설파이드, 디시클로헥실 폴리설파이드 등을 바람직하게 들 수 있다.
티아디아졸 화합물로서는, 예컨대, 하기 화학식 IV로 표시되는 l,3,4-티아디아졸이나 1,2,4-티아디아졸 화합물이 바람직하게 사용된다:
상기 식에서,
R8및 R9는, 각각 수소원자, 탄소수 1 내지 20의 탄화수소기를 나타내고,
c 및 d는 각각 0 내지 8의 정수를 나타낸다.
이러한 티아디아졸 화합물의 구체적인 예로서는, 2,5-비스(n-헥실디티오)-1,3,4-티아디아졸, 2,5-비스(n-옥틸디티오)-1,3,4-티아디아졸, 2,5-비스(n-노닐디티오)-1,3,4-티아디아졸, 2,5-비스(1,1,3,3-테트라메틸부틸디티오)-l,3,4-티아디아졸, 3,5-비스(n-헥실디티오)-1,2,4-티아디아졸, 3,5-비스(n-옥틸디티오)-1,2,4-티아디아졸, 3,5-비스(n-노닐디티오)-1,2,4-티아디아졸, 3,5-비스(l,1,3,3-테트라메틸부틸디티오)-l,2,4-티아디아졸 등을 바람직하게 들 수 있다.
알킬티오카바모일 화합물로서는, 예컨대, 하기 화학식 V의 화합물을 들 수 있다:
상기 식에서,
R10및 R13은 각각 탄소수 l 내지 20의 알킬기를 나타내며,
e는 l 내지 8의 정수를 나타낸다.
이러한 알킬티오카바모일 화합물의 구체적인 예로서는, 비스(디메틸티오카바모일)모노설파이드, 비스(디부틸티오카바모일)모노설파이드, 비스(디메틸티오카바모일)디설파이드, 비스(디부틸티오카바모일)디설파이드, 비스(디아밀티오카바모일)디설파이드, 비스(디옥틸티오카바모일)디설파이드 등을 바람직하게 들 수 있다.
또한, 티오테르펜 화합물로서는, 예컨대, 5황화인과 피넨의 반응물을 들 수 있고, 디알킬티오 디프로피오네이트 화합물로서는, 예컨대, 디라우릴티오 디프로피오네이트, 디스테아릴티오 디프로피오네이트 등을 들 수 있다. 이들 중에서, 극압 특성 면에서, 디히드로카빌 폴리설파이드가 바람직하다.
또한, 황과 금속을 포함하고 있는 것으로서, 아연 디알킬디티오카바메이트(Zn-DTC), 몰리브덴 디알킬디티오카바메이트(Mo-DTC), 납 디알킬디티오카바메이트, 주석 디알킬디티오카바메이트, 나트륨 설포네이트, 칼슘 설포네이트 등을 사용할 수 있지만, 환경상 바람직한 것은 아니다.
본 발명에 있어서, 이상의 황을 함유하는 극압성 향상제는 1종, 또는 2종 이상을 조합하여 사용해도 좋다.
하기에서, 본 발명을 구성하는 (b)성분 중, 인을 함유하는 극압성 향상제로서는, 분자 내에 인 원자를 갖고, 윤활 기제유에 용해 또는 균일하게 분산되어 극압성을 향상시키는 효과를 발휘할 수 있는 것이면 좋고, 특별한 제한은 없다. 대표적인 것은, 인산 에스테르류와 그의 아민염이다.
인산 에스테르류는, 하기의 화학식 VI 내지 X로 표시되는 인산 에스테르, 산성 인산 에스테르, 아인산 에스테르, 산성 아인산 에스테르를 포함한다.
상기 화학식 VI 내지 X에 있어서, R14내지 R16은 탄소수 4 내지 30의 알킬기, 알케닐기, 알킬아릴기 및 아릴알킬기를 나타내고, R14내지 R16은 동일하거나 상이해도 좋다. 인산 에스테르로서는, 트리아릴 포스페이트, 트리알킬 포스페이트, 트리알킬아릴 포스페이트, 트리아릴알킬 포스페이트, 트리알케닐 포스페이트 등이 있고, 구체적으로는, 예컨대 트리페닐 포스페이트, 트리크레실 포스페이트, 벤질디페닐 포스페이트, 에틸디페닐 포스페이트, 트리부틸 포스페이트, 에틸디부틸 포스페이트, 크레실디페닐 포스페이트, 디크레실페닐 포스페이트, 에틸페닐디페닐 포스페이트, 디에틸페닐페닐 포스페이트, 프로필페닐디페닐 포스페이트, 디프로필페닐 페닐 포스페이트, 트리에틸페닐 포스페이트, 트리프로필페닐 포스페이트, 부틸페닐디페닐 포스페이트, 디부틸페닐페닐 포스페이트, 트리부틸페닐 포스페이트, 트리헥실 포스페이트, 트리(2-에틸헥실)포스페이트, 트리데실 포스페이트, 트리라우릴 포스페이트, 트리미리스틸 포스페이트, 트리팔미틸 포스페이트, 트리스테아릴 포스페이트, 트리올레일 포스페이트 등을 들 수 있다.
산성 인산 에스테르로서는, 구체적으로는, 예컨대 2-에틸헥실 인산 에스테르, 에틸 인산 에스테르, 부틸 인산 에스테르, 올레일 인산 에스테르, 테트라코실 인산 에스테르, 이소데실 인산 에스테르, 라우릴 인산 에스테르, 트리데실 인산 에스테르, 스테아릴 인산 에스테르, 이소스테아릴 인산 에스테르 등을 들 수 있다.
아인산 에스테르로서는, 구체적으로는, 예컨대 트리에틸 포스파이트, 트리부틸 포스파이트, 트리페닐 포스파이트, 트리크레실 포스파이트, 트리(노닐페닐)포스파이트, 트리(2-에틸헥실)포스파이트, 트리데실 포스파이트, 트리라우릴 포스파이트, 트리이소옥틸 포스파이트, 디페닐이소데실 포스파이트, 트리스테아릴 포스파이트, 트리올레일 포스파이트 등을 들 수 있다.
산성 아인산 에스테르로서는, 구체적으로는, 예컨대 디부틸 하이드로겐포스파이트, 디라우릴하이드로겐포스파이트, 디올레일 하이드로겐포스파이트, 디스테아릴 하이드로겐포스파이트, 디페닐 하이드로겐포스파이트 등을 들 수 있다.
이상의 인산 에스테르류 중에서, 올레일 인산 에스테르, 스테아릴 인산 에스테르가 바람직하다.
또한, 이들과 아민 염을 형성하는 아민류로서는, 예컨대 화학식 XI로 표시되는 일치환 아민, 이치환 아민 또는 삼치환 아민을 들 수 있다.
R17 nNH3-n
상기 식에서,
R17은 탄소수 3 내지 30의 알킬기 또는 알케닐기, 탄소수 6 내지 30의 아릴기 또는 아릴알킬기 또는 탄소수 2 내지 30의 히드록시알킬기를 나타내고,
n은 1, 2 또는 3을 나타내고,
R17이 복수 있는 경우, 복수의 R17은 동일하거나 상이해도 좋다.
상기 화학식 XI에서의 R17의 탄소수 3 내지 30의 알킬기 또는 알케닐기는, 직쇄, 분지쇄, 환상 중 어느 것이어도 좋다.
여기에서, 일치환 아민의 예로서는, 부틸아민, 펜틸아민, 헥실아민, 시클로헥실아민, 옥틸아민, 라우릴아민, 스테아릴아민, 올레일아민, 벤질아민 등을 들 수 있고, 이치환 아민의 예로서는, 디부틸아민, 디펜틸아민, 디헥실아민, 디시클로헥실아민, 디옥틸아민, 디라우릴아민, 디스테아릴아민, 디올레일아민, 디벤질아민, 스테아릴·모노에탄올아민, 데실·모노에탄올아민, 헥실·모노프로판올아민, 벤질·모노에탄올아민, 페닐·모노에탄올아민, 톨릴·모노프로판올 등을 들 수 있다. 또한, 삼치환 아민의 예로서는, 트리부틸아민, 트리펜틸아민, 트리헥실아민, 트리시클로헥실아민, 트리옥틸아민, 트리라우릴아민, 트리스테아릴아민, 트리올레일아민, 트리벤질아민, 디올레일·모노에탄올아민, 디라우릴·모노프로판올아민, 디옥틸·모노에탄올아민, 디헥실·모노프로판올아민, 디부틸·모노프로판올아민, 올레일·디에탄올아민, 스테아릴·디프로판올아민, 라우릴·디에탄올아민, 옥틸·디프로판올아민, 부틸·디에탄올아민, 벤질·디에탄올아민, 페닐·디에탄올아민, 톨릴·디프로판올아민, 크실릴·디에탄올아민, 트리에탄올아민, 트리프로판올아민 등을 들 수 있다.
또한, 황과 인의 양쪽을 포함하고 있는 것으로서, 인 황화 유지, 인 황화 올레핀 등을 들 수 있고, 본 발명의 (b)성분으로서 사용할 수 있는 것은 당연하다.
인과 할로겐 원자를 포함하고 있는 것으로서, 염소화 인산 에스테르를 들 수 있고, 황, 인 및 금속을 포함하고 있는 것으서, 디알킬 디티오인산아연(Zn-DTP), 디알킬 디티오인산 몰리브덴(Mo-DTP), 디알킬 디티오인산 납, 디알킬 디티오인산주석 등을 들 수 있고, 본 발명의 (b)성분으로 사용할 수도 있지만, 환경적으로 바람직한 것은 아니다.
본 발명에 있어서, (a)성분과 (b)성분의 바람직한 비율에 대해서는 임의이지만, 바람직하게는 (a)성분과 (b)성분의 합계량을 기준으로, (a)성분은 l 내지 99중량%이고, (b)성분은 1 내지 99 중량% 이다. 더욱 바람직하게는, (a)성분은 1O 내지 90중량%이고, (b)성분은 10 내지 90 중량%이다. (a)성분 또는 (b)성분의 배합비율이 l 중량% 미만이거나, 99 중량%를 넘는 경우는 충분한 극압성 향상 효과가 발휘되지 않는다. 본 발명은 (a)성분과 (b)성분의 상승 효과에 의해 각각 단일체보다 극압 효과가 향상된다.
본 발명에 있어서, 추가로 (c)성분을 배합하면, 효과가 현저해진다. 이러한 (c)성분은, 황 및 인을 포함하지 않는 극압성 향상제로서, 황과 인을 함유하지 않은 것이다. (c)성분으로서, 트리벤질 보레이트 등의 붕소 화합물, 동물유, 에스테르유(스테아르산 부틸, 올레산 모노글리세라이드 등) 등의 지방유, 올레산, 스테아르산 등의 지방산, 올레일 알콜, 라우릴 알콜 등의 알콜, 세틸아민 등의 아민 화합물을 들 수 있다. 이들 화합물 중, 바람직한 것으로서, 에스테르유, 지방산, 알콜 등을 들 수 있다.
할로겐 원자를 포함한 것으로서, 염소화 파라핀, 염소화 지방유, 염소화 디페닐, 염소화 카복실산 유도체, 옥소화 실리콘, 옥소화 벤질, 옥소화 폴리부텐, 불소화 실리콘, 불소화 지방산 등의 할로겐 화합물, 금속을 포함한 것으로서, 나프텐산 납, 올레산 납 등의 납 화합물, 아연 아크릴레이트 등의 아연 화합물, 올레산 철 등의 철 화합물, 탄산나트륨 등의 알칼리 금속 화합물, 탄산칼슘 등의 알칼리 토금속 화합물 등을 들 수 있고, 본 발명의 (c)성분으로 사용할 수도 있지만, 환경상 바람직한 것이 아니다.
본 발명에 있어서, (c)성분의 비율에 대해서는 임의이지만, 바람직하게는 (a)성분과 (b)성분의 합계량을 기준으로 1 내지 500중량%이다. 더욱 바람직하게는, 1 내지 300 중량%이다. (c)성분의 배합비율이 l 중량% 미만이면 충분한 효과가 발휘되지 않으며, 500 중량%을 넘는 경우는 (a)성분과 (b)성분의 효과를 저해할 우려가 있다.
본 발명의 첨가제 조성물에는, 통상적으로 윤활유에 사용할 수 있는 각종의 공지된 첨가제, 예컨대, 산화방지제, 방청제, 유동점 강하제, 점도지수 향상제, 청정 분산제, 금속 불활성화제, 유성제, 유화제 등을 본 발명의 목적을 저해하지 않는 범위에서 적절히 배합할 수 있다.
본 발명의 첨가제 조성물은, 단독 또는 기제유(광유, 합성유)에 배합되어 각 유제로서 사용된다. 또한, 본 발명의 첨가제 조성물에 계면 활성제, 살균제, 방부제 등을 적절히 배합하고, 물로 유화시켜 사용할 수도 있다.
이 광유나 합성유에 대해서는, 일반적으로 윤활유 금속 가공유의 기제유로 사용되고 있는 것이면 좋고, 특별한 제한은 없지만, 40 ℃에서의 동점도가 1 내지 5,000 mm2/s의 범위에 있는 것이 바람직하고, 3 내지 3,000 mm2/s의 범위에 있는 것이 보다 바람직하다. 점도범위가 바람직한 범위를 일탈하면 성능이 뒤떨어질 가능성이 있고, 또한, 취급이 곤란해질 가능성이 있다. 또한, 이 기제유의 저온 유동성의 지표인 유동점에 대해서는 특별한 제한은 없지만, 저온시에도 사용할 수 있는 10℃ 이하인 것이 바람직하다.
광유 및 합성유의 다양한 형태가 공지되어 있고, 용도 등에 따라 적절히 선정하면 좋다. 광유로서는, 예컨대 파라핀기계 원유, 중간기계 원유 혹은 나프텐기계 원유를 상압 증류하거나, 상압증류의 잔사유를 감압증류하여 수득되는 유출유, 또는 이것을 상법에 따라 정제함으로써 수득되는 정제유, 예컨대, 용제 정제유, 수소 첨가 정제유, 탈납 처리유, 백토 처리유 등을 들 수 있다.
한편, 합성유로서는, 예컨대, 폴리 α-올레핀, α-올레핀 공중합체, 폴리부텐, 알킬 벤젠, 폴리올 에스테르, 2염기산 에스테르, 폴리옥시알킬렌 글리콜, 폴리옥시알킬렌글리콜 에스테르, 폴리옥시알킬렌글리콜 에테르, 실리콘 오일 등을 들 수 있다.
이들 기제유는, 각각 단독으로, 혹은 2종 이상 조합하여 사용할 수 있고, 광유와 합성유를 조합하여 사용해도 좋다. 본 발명의 첨가제 조성물의 바람직한 배합량은, 기제유 100 중량부에 대해 0.1 내지 300 중량부이다. 너무 적으면 효과가 나오지 않고, 너무 많으면 양에 걸맞는 효과가 나오지 않는 경우가 있다. 또한 바람직하게는, 0.5 내지 100 중량부이다.
하기에서, 본 발명을 실시예에 의해 더욱 상세히 설명하지만, 본 발명은 이러한 예에 의해 어떠한 한정도 되지 않는다.
실시예 1 내지 6 및 비교예 l 내지 4
광유에 표 1에 나타내는 첨가제를 표 1에 나타내는 비율(중량부)로 배합하여 실시예, 비교예의 윤활유 조성물을 조제했다. 이들 조성물에 대해 석유학회규격(JPI-5S-40-93)에 준거하여, 쉘 사구식 마찰시험기를 이용하여, 회전수 1800 rpm, 온도 25℃, 시험 시간 10초의 조건으로 내소부성을 융착하중으로 평가하였다. 그 결과를 표 1에 나타낸다.
실시예 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
광유*1 100 100 100 100 100 100 · 100 100 100 100 100
폴리설파이드*2 5 5 · · 5 5 100 27 10 10 10 10
인산에스테르*3 · · 5 5 5 5 · · · · · ·
아크릴레이트1*4 10 · 10 · 10 · 496 42 10 10 10 10
아크릴레이트2*5 · 10 · 10 · 10 · · · · · ·
지방산에스테르*6 · · · · · · · · · 5 · ·
Zn-DTP · · · · · · · · · · 5 ·
과염기성칼슘 설포네이트 · · · · · · · · · · · 5
융착하중(kgf) 620 620 620 620 800＜ 800＜ 800＜ 800＜ 620 800＜ 800＜ 800＜
*1 : 파라핀계 광유(40 ℃에서의 동점도 28mm2/s)*2 : 디-3급-도데실 폴리설파이드*3 : 올레일 인산 에스테르*4 : 펜타에리스리톨(이소스테아레이트, 2-에틸헥사노에이트, 디아크릴레이트)*5 : 디펜타에리스리톨(트리노나노에이트, 트리아크릴레이트)*6 : 말레산 디옥틸과 탄소수 10의 α-올레핀의 공중합체
비교예 1 2 3 4
광유*1 100 100 100 100
폴리설파이드*2 5 · · ·
인산 에스테르*3 · 5 · ·
아크릴레이트1*4 · · 10 ·
아크릴레이트2*5 · · · 10
융착하중(kgf) 400 315 160 200
*1 : 파라핀계 광유(40 ℃에서의 동점도 28mm2/s)*2 : 디-3급-도데실 폴리설파이드*3 : 올레일 인산 에스테르*4 : 펜타에리스리톨(이소스테아레이트, 2-에틸헥사노에이트, 디아크릴레이트)*5 : 디펜타에리스리톨(트리노나노에이트, 트리아크릴레이트)*6 : 말레산 디옥틸과 탄소수 10의 α-올레핀의 공중합체
본 발명의 첨가제 조성물을 함유한 윤활유 조성물은, 높은 내소부성을 갖는 것으로, 단조유, 프레스 가공유, 드로잉 오일, 압연유, 절삭유, 연삭유 등의 금속 가공유나 작동유로서 유효하게 사용된다.

Claims (8)

  1. (a) 분자 내에 하기 화학식 I의 기를 갖는 화합물 및 (b) 황 및/또는 인을 함유하는 극압성 향상제를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 첨가제 조성물:
    화학식 I
    상기 식에서,
    Rl, R2및 R3은 각각 수소 원자 또는 메틸기를 나타내고, R2및 R3의 적어도 하나는 수소원자이다.
  2. 제 1 항에 있어서,
    (c)성분으로서 황 및 인을 포함하지 않는 극압성 향상제를 추가로 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 첨가제 조성물.
  3. 제 1 항 또는 제 2 항에 있어서,
    (b)성분이 할로겐 화합물을 포함하지 않는 것인 첨가제 조성물.
  4. 제 1 항 내지 제 3 항중 어느 한 항에 있어서,
    (b)성분이 납 화합물을 포함하지 않는 것인 첨가제 조성물.
  5. 제 2 항 내지 제 4 항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서,
    (c)성분이 할로겐 화합물을 포함하지 않는 것인 첨가제 조성물.
  6. 제 2 항 내지 제 5 항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서,
    (c)성분이 납 화합물을 포함하지 않는 것인 첨가제 조성물.
  7. 제 1 항 내지 제 6 항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서,
    (b)성분이 금속 화합물을 포함하지 않는 것인 첨가제 조성물.
  8. 제 2 항 내지 제 7 항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서,
    (c)성분이 금속 화합물을 포함하지 않는 것인 첨가제 조성물.
KR1020007008250A 1998-01-29 1999-01-20 신규한 첨가제 조성물 KR20010024886A (ko)

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JP4568007B2 (ja) * 2004-03-31 2010-10-27 出光興産株式会社 サイジングプレス加工用潤滑油組成物
JP5483301B2 (ja) * 2005-06-03 2014-05-07 Ｊｘ日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 緩衝器用油圧作動油組成物
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US8835365B2 (en) * 2008-03-28 2014-09-16 Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. Lubricating oil composition for rolling with round die
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