KR20000058077A - 기통내 분사형 내연 기관 - Google Patents
기통내 분사형 내연 기관 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- KR20000058077A KR20000058077A KR1020000007472A KR20000007472A KR20000058077A KR 20000058077 A KR20000058077 A KR 20000058077A KR 1020000007472 A KR1020000007472 A KR 1020000007472A KR 20000007472 A KR20000007472 A KR 20000007472A KR 20000058077 A KR20000058077 A KR 20000058077A
- Authority
- KR
- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- control
- mode
- injection
- exhaust
- fuel
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
- F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F02D41/024—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to increase temperature of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F02D41/0255—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to increase temperature of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to accelerate the warming-up of the exhaust gas treating apparatus at engine start
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
- F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F02D41/024—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to increase temperature of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
- F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F02D41/024—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to increase temperature of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F02D41/025—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to increase temperature of the exhaust gas treating apparatus by changing the composition of the exhaust gas, e.g. for exothermic reaction on exhaust gas treating apparatus
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
- F02D41/3011—Controlling fuel injection according to or using specific or several modes of combustion
- F02D41/3017—Controlling fuel injection according to or using specific or several modes of combustion characterised by the mode(s) being used
- F02D41/3023—Controlling fuel injection according to or using specific or several modes of combustion characterised by the mode(s) being used a mode being the stratified charge spark-ignited mode
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
- F02D41/38—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type
- F02D41/40—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type with means for controlling injection timing or duration
- F02D41/402—Multiple injections
- F02D41/403—Multiple injections with pilot injections
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
- F02D41/38—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type
- F02D2041/389—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type for injecting directly into the cylinder
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
- F02D41/38—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type
- F02D41/40—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type with means for controlling injection timing or duration
- F02D41/402—Multiple injections
- F02D41/405—Multiple injections with post injections
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/40—Engine management systems
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
- Electrical Control Of Ignition Timing (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (10)
- 내연 기관(1)의 연료실(8)내에 직접 연료를 분사하는 연료 분사 밸브(6)와 내연 기관(1)의 배기 통로(20)에 설치되어 배기 가스 중의 유해 성분을 정화하는 배기 정화 촉매 장치(30)를 갖는 기통내 분사형 내연 기관에 있어서,상기 배기 정화 촉매 장치(30)의 승온이 필요한 때, 상기 내연 기관(1)의 공연비가 이론 공연비 또는 이론 공연비 근방으로 되도록, 성층 연소시키는 승온 제어부(S20, S36, S56, S66, S68, S86, S88)를 갖는 제어 장치(40)를 갖는 것을 특징으로 하는 기통내 분사형 내연 기관.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 제어 장치(40)는 상기 공연비가 약 14 내지 16 정도로 되도록 오픈 루프 제어를 행하는 것을 특징으로 하는 기통내 분사형 내연 기관.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 배기 통로(20)에는 배기 가스 중의 산소 농도를 검출하는 산소 농도 검출 장치(22)를 구비하고,상기 제어 장치(40)는 상기 공연비가 이론 공연비로 되도록 상기 산소 농도 검출 장치(22)에 의거하여 피드백 제어를 행하는 것을 특징으로 하는 기통내 분사형 내연 기관.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 내연 기관(1)은 상기 연소실(8)내를 향하도록 기관 본체에 설치된 점화전(4)을 갖고,상기 제어 장치(40)는 상기 연료 분사 밸브(6)의 분사 시기를 제어하는 분사 시기 제어부, 상기 점화전(4)의 점화 시기를 제어하는 점화 시기 제어부를 구비하며,상기 제어 장치(40)는 상기 승온 제어부(S20, S36, S56, S66, S68, S86, S88)가 작동할 시에, 상기 승온 제어부가 작동하지 않을 때의 성층 연소시에 비해 분사 시기와 점화 시기의 간격이 넓어지도록 상기 분사 시기 제어부에 의해 설정되는 분사 시기, 또는, 상기 점화 시기 제어부에 의해 설정되는 점화 시기 중의 어느 하나를 조정하는 것을 특징으로 하는 기통내 분사형 내연 기관.
- 제 4 항에 있어서, 상기 제어 장치(40)는 상기 승온 제어부(S20, S36, S56, S66, S68, S86, S88)가 작동할 시에, 분사 시기를 진각시키거나 또는 점화 시기를 지각시키어 분사 시기와 점화 시기의 간격을 넓게 하는 것을 특징으로 하는 기통내 분사형 내연 기관.
- 제 4 항에 있어서, 분사 시기와 점화 시기의 간격은 약 40 내지 60 크랭크 각으로 설정하는 것을 특징으로 하는 기통내 분사형 내연 기관.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 제어 장치(40)는 주 연소를 위한 주 분사 이외에 연료를 분사하는 추가 연료 분사 제어부(S48)를 갖고,상기 제어 장치(40)는 상기 추가 연료 분사 제어부(S48)에 의해 상기 승온 제어부(S20, S36, S56, S66, S68, S86, S88)가 작동하기 전에 상기 주 분사 이후의 팽창 행정 중에 추가 연료를 분사키시는 것을 특징으로 하는 기통내 분사형 내연 기관.
- 제 7 항에 있어서, 상기 추가 연료 제어부(S48)는 소정 기간에 걸쳐 추가 연료를 분사시키는 것을 특징으로 하는 기통내 분사형 내연 기관.
- 제 7 항에 있어서, 상기 제어 장치(40)는 상기 기관(1)의 냉간 시동 후에 상기 추가 연료 제어부(S48)를 작동시키고,그후, 상기 승온 제어부(S20, S36, S56, S66, S68, S86, S88)를 작동시키는 것을 특징으로 하는 기통내 분사형 내연 기관.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 배기 통로(20)에 배기 온도를 검출하는 배기 온도 센서(32)를 구비하고,상기 제어 장치(40)는 상기 승온 제어부(S20, S36, S56, S66, S68, S86, S88)의 작동을 해당 배기 온도 센서(32)의 출력에 의거하여 정지시키는 것을 특징으로 하는 기통내 분사형 내연 기관.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP04214499A JP3285002B2 (ja) | 1999-02-19 | 1999-02-19 | 筒内噴射型内燃機関 |
JP99-42144 | 1999-02-19 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
KR20000058077A true KR20000058077A (ko) | 2000-09-25 |
KR100345263B1 KR100345263B1 (ko) | 2002-07-20 |
Family
ID=12627758
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
KR1020000007472A KR100345263B1 (ko) | 1999-02-19 | 2000-02-17 | 실린더내 분사형 내연 기관 |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US6438943B1 (ko) |
EP (1) | EP1030046B1 (ko) |
JP (1) | JP3285002B2 (ko) |
KR (1) | KR100345263B1 (ko) |
DE (1) | DE60021447T2 (ko) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR100566690B1 (ko) * | 2001-11-13 | 2006-04-03 | 미쓰비시 지도샤 고교(주) | 통내 분사형 불꽃 점화식 내연 기관의 배기 정화 장치 |
Families Citing this family (30)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP4279398B2 (ja) * | 1999-04-28 | 2009-06-17 | 三菱自動車工業株式会社 | 筒内噴射型内燃機関 |
DE19963932A1 (de) * | 1999-12-31 | 2001-07-12 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Brennkraftmaschine insbesondere eines Kraftfahrzeugs |
JP2001289093A (ja) * | 2000-03-31 | 2001-10-19 | Hitachi Ltd | 筒内噴射エンジンの排気制御装置 |
DE10043375A1 (de) * | 2000-09-02 | 2002-03-14 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Verfahren zur Aufheizung eines Katalysators bei Verbrennungsmotoren mit Benzindirekteinspritzung |
EP1184556A3 (en) * | 2000-09-04 | 2004-01-02 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Engine exhaust emission purifier |
DE60117468T2 (de) * | 2000-12-28 | 2006-10-12 | Mitsubishi Jidosha Kogyo K.K. | Abgasreinigungsvorrichtung für einen fremdgezündeten Verbrennungsmotor mit Zylindereinspritzung |
KR100627594B1 (ko) * | 2001-01-29 | 2006-09-25 | 미쓰비시 지도샤 고교(주) | 내연기관의 배기 정화 장치 |
JP2003065116A (ja) * | 2001-08-24 | 2003-03-05 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
JP2003286869A (ja) * | 2002-03-27 | 2003-10-10 | Toyota Motor Corp | 筒内噴射式火花点火内燃機関 |
DE10235732B4 (de) * | 2002-07-29 | 2012-11-22 | Volkswagen Ag | Verfahren zur Erwärmung eines Katalysatorsystems |
JP4178960B2 (ja) * | 2003-01-14 | 2008-11-12 | 株式会社デンソー | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
DE10305941A1 (de) | 2003-02-12 | 2004-08-26 | Daimlerchrysler Ag | Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Brennkraftmaschine mit Kraftstoffdirekteinspritzung |
CN100348852C (zh) * | 2003-07-08 | 2007-11-14 | 日产自动车株式会社 | 内燃机的燃烧控制设备和控制燃烧的方法 |
JP2005048751A (ja) * | 2003-07-31 | 2005-02-24 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | エンジンの制御装置 |
JP2005120942A (ja) * | 2003-10-17 | 2005-05-12 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 直噴火花点火式内燃機関の制御装置 |
US7069909B2 (en) * | 2004-08-18 | 2006-07-04 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Controlling an engine with adjustable intake valve timing |
DE102005045294B4 (de) * | 2005-09-22 | 2021-11-18 | Daimler Ag | Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Brennkraftmaschine |
US8544258B2 (en) * | 2005-09-23 | 2013-10-01 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Exhaust treatment system diagnostic via ammonium nitrite decomposition |
JP4605057B2 (ja) * | 2006-03-15 | 2011-01-05 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の燃料噴射制御装置 |
JP2009074426A (ja) * | 2007-09-20 | 2009-04-09 | Toyota Motor Corp | 内燃機関の制御装置 |
JP5164619B2 (ja) * | 2008-03-13 | 2013-03-21 | ダイハツ工業株式会社 | 内燃機関の運転制御方法 |
US8381512B2 (en) * | 2008-05-02 | 2013-02-26 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Passive ammonia-selective catalytic reduction for NOx control in internal combustion engines |
JP5163808B2 (ja) * | 2009-03-19 | 2013-03-13 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
US8578704B2 (en) * | 2010-04-28 | 2013-11-12 | Tecogen, Inc. | Assembly and method for reducing nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons in exhausts of internal combustion engines |
EP2397216A1 (en) | 2010-06-16 | 2011-12-21 | Tecogen, Inc. | Assembly and method for reducing nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons in exhausts of internal combustion engines |
JP2017020416A (ja) * | 2015-07-10 | 2017-01-26 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 内燃機関の制御装置 |
US10077727B2 (en) | 2016-01-13 | 2018-09-18 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Engine control systems and methods for nitrogen oxide reduction |
US9957911B2 (en) | 2016-02-18 | 2018-05-01 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Dedicated exhaust gas recirculation control systems and methods |
JP6504474B2 (ja) * | 2017-04-14 | 2019-04-24 | マツダ株式会社 | エンジンの排気浄化装置 |
JP6891629B2 (ja) * | 2017-05-19 | 2021-06-18 | いすゞ自動車株式会社 | エンジン及びその制御方法 |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5642705A (en) * | 1994-09-29 | 1997-07-01 | Fuji Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Control system and method for direct fuel injection engine |
JP2908252B2 (ja) | 1994-10-04 | 1999-06-21 | 株式会社ヤマダコーポレーション | 排ガス浄化排出装置 |
JPH1047040A (ja) | 1996-08-02 | 1998-02-17 | Mitsubishi Motors Corp | 排ガス浄化装置 |
JP3257423B2 (ja) | 1996-12-12 | 2002-02-18 | 三菱自動車工業株式会社 | 排気昇温装置 |
JP3337931B2 (ja) * | 1997-01-30 | 2002-10-28 | マツダ株式会社 | 筒内噴射式エンジン |
AT1922U3 (de) * | 1997-03-14 | 1998-06-25 | Avl List Gmbh | Verfahren zur einbringung von kraftstoff in den brennraum einer direkteinspritzenden otto-brennkraftmaschine |
JPH11294220A (ja) * | 1998-04-13 | 1999-10-26 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 筒内噴射式内燃機関の燃料噴射制御装置 |
-
1999
- 1999-02-19 JP JP04214499A patent/JP3285002B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2000
- 2000-02-17 KR KR1020000007472A patent/KR100345263B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2000-02-18 DE DE60021447T patent/DE60021447T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-02-18 EP EP00103553A patent/EP1030046B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-02-18 US US09/506,337 patent/US6438943B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2002
- 2002-03-28 US US10/107,492 patent/US6637192B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR100566690B1 (ko) * | 2001-11-13 | 2006-04-03 | 미쓰비시 지도샤 고교(주) | 통내 분사형 불꽃 점화식 내연 기관의 배기 정화 장치 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20020129600A1 (en) | 2002-09-19 |
US6637192B2 (en) | 2003-10-28 |
DE60021447D1 (de) | 2005-09-01 |
US6438943B1 (en) | 2002-08-27 |
DE60021447T2 (de) | 2006-05-24 |
EP1030046A3 (en) | 2002-06-12 |
EP1030046A2 (en) | 2000-08-23 |
EP1030046B1 (en) | 2005-07-27 |
KR100345263B1 (ko) | 2002-07-20 |
JP2000240485A (ja) | 2000-09-05 |
JP3285002B2 (ja) | 2002-05-27 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
KR100345263B1 (ko) | 실린더내 분사형 내연 기관 | |
JP4250856B2 (ja) | 筒内噴射型内燃機関 | |
JP4023115B2 (ja) | 直噴火花点火式エンジンの制御装置 | |
JP4918911B2 (ja) | 筒内直接燃料噴射式火花点火エンジンの燃圧制御装置 | |
JP4186840B2 (ja) | 水素エンジンの制御装置 | |
KR100361666B1 (ko) | 실린더 분사형 내연기관 | |
JP3446812B2 (ja) | 内燃機関 | |
JP4279398B2 (ja) | 筒内噴射型内燃機関 | |
JP3743277B2 (ja) | 直噴火花点火式内燃機関の制御装置 | |
JP2000120471A (ja) | 筒内噴射式エンジンの制御装置 | |
JP3731403B2 (ja) | 直噴火花点火式内燃機関の制御装置 | |
JP3741209B2 (ja) | 筒内噴射型内燃機関 | |
JP3832288B2 (ja) | 排ガス浄化装置 | |
JP4134395B2 (ja) | 筒内噴射型内燃機関 | |
JP3149822B2 (ja) | 筒内噴射型内燃機関の排気昇温装置 | |
JP3724369B2 (ja) | 直噴火花点火式エンジンの制御装置 | |
JP4492812B2 (ja) | 筒内噴射型内燃機関の制御装置 | |
JP4134861B2 (ja) | 予混合圧縮着火式内燃機関の制御装置 | |
JP4061870B2 (ja) | 直噴式火花点火機関の制御装置 | |
JPH1047040A (ja) | 排ガス浄化装置 | |
JP3925593B2 (ja) | 内燃機関 | |
JPH08296486A (ja) | 筒内噴射型内燃機関 | |
JP2002147267A (ja) | 内燃機関の始動制御装置 | |
JP2003307121A (ja) | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
A201 | Request for examination | ||
E902 | Notification of reason for refusal | ||
E701 | Decision to grant or registration of patent right | ||
GRNT | Written decision to grant | ||
FPAY | Annual fee payment |
Payment date: 20130621 Year of fee payment: 12 |
|
FPAY | Annual fee payment |
Payment date: 20140626 Year of fee payment: 13 |
|
FPAY | Annual fee payment |
Payment date: 20150618 Year of fee payment: 14 |
|
FPAY | Annual fee payment |
Payment date: 20160616 Year of fee payment: 15 |
|
FPAY | Annual fee payment |
Payment date: 20170616 Year of fee payment: 16 |
|
FPAY | Annual fee payment |
Payment date: 20190617 Year of fee payment: 18 |