KR102130853B1 - 전지, 전지 팩, 전자기기, 전동차량, 축전장치 및 전력 시스템 - Google Patents
전지, 전지 팩, 전자기기, 전동차량, 축전장치 및 전력 시스템 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- KR102130853B1 KR102130853B1 KR1020140060962A KR20140060962A KR102130853B1 KR 102130853 B1 KR102130853 B1 KR 102130853B1 KR 1020140060962 A KR1020140060962 A KR 1020140060962A KR 20140060962 A KR20140060962 A KR 20140060962A KR 102130853 B1 KR102130853 B1 KR 102130853B1
- Authority
- KR
- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- lithium
- battery
- positive electrode
- nickel
- power
- Prior art date
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- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 title claims description 54
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 title description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 126
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 72
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 71
- -1 lithium iron phosphate compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 64
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Images
Classifications
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- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/50—Charging stations characterised by energy-storage or power-generation means
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- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
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- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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Abstract
Description
도 2는 도 1에 나타난 권회전극체의 일부를 나타내는 확대 단면도이다;
도 3a는 본 공개의 실시태양에 따른 제1 세퍼레이터의 구성 예시를 나타내는 개략 단면도이다;
도 3b는 본 공개의 실시태양에 따른 제2 세퍼레이터의 구성 예시를 나타내는 개략 단면도이다;
도 4는 본 공개의 제2 실시태양에 따른 전지 팩의 구성 예시를 나타내는 블록 도이다;
도 5는 본 공개의 실시태양에 따른 전지를 사용한, 주택용 축전 시스템의 적용 예시를 나타내는 개략도이다;
도 6은 본 공개의 실시태양이 적용되는 직렬-하이브리드 시스템을 채용한 하이브리드 차량의 구성의 예시를 개략적으로 나타내는 개략도이다;
도 7은 투기율(t), 다공도(ε) 및 면적밀도(S)의 t-ε-S 삼차원 좌표에서 식을 만족하는 영역을 나타내는 그래프이다;
도 8a는 면적밀도 (S) = 31 mg/cm2의 ε-t 좌표평면상의 실시예 1 및 비교 실시예 1 및 2의 세퍼레이터에 관한 측정값을 플롯팅하여 얻어진 그래프이다;
도 8b는 면적밀도 (S) = 32 mg/cm2의 ε-t 좌표평면상의 실시예 2 및 비교 실시예 3의 세퍼레이터에 관한 측정값을 플롯팅하여 얻어진 그래프이다;
도 9a는 면적밀도 (S) = 33 mg/cm2의 ε-t 좌표평면상의 실시예 3 및 비교 실시예 4의 세퍼레이터에 관한 측정값을 플롯팅하여 얻어진 그래프이다;
도 9b는 면적밀도 (S) = 34 mg/cm2의 ε-t 좌표평면상의 실시예 4 및 비교 실시예 5의 세퍼레이터에 관한 측정값을 플롯팅하여 얻어진 그래프이다;
도 10a는 면적밀도(S) = 35 mg/cm2의 ε-t 좌표평면상의 실시예 5 및 비교 실시예 6의 세퍼레이터에 관한 측정값을 플롯팅하여 얻어진 그래프이다;
도 10b는 면적밀도 (S) = 37 mg/cm2의 ε-t 좌표평면상의 실시예 6 및 비교 실시예 7 내지 9의 세퍼레이터에 관한 측정값을 플롯팅하여 얻어진 그래프이다;
도 11a는 면적밀도 (S) = 40 mg/cm2의 ε-t 좌표평면상의 실시예 7 및 비교 실시예 10의 세퍼레이터에 관한 측정값을 플롯팅하여 얻어진 그래프이다;
도 11b는 면적밀도 (S) = 42 mg/cm2의 ε-t 좌표평면상의 실시예 8의 세퍼레이터에 관한 측정값을 플롯팅하여 얻어진 그래프이다;
도 12a는 면적밀도 (S) = 43 mg/cm2의 ε-t 좌표평면상의 실시예 9 및 비교 실시예 11 내지 13의 세퍼레이터에 관한 측정값을 플롯팅하여 얻어진 그래프이다;
도 12b는 면적밀도 (S) = 45 mg/cm2의 ε-t 좌표평면상의 실시예 10의 세퍼레이터에 관한 측정값을 플롯팅하여 얻어진 그래프이다; 및
도 13은 면적밀도 (S) = 49 mg/cm2의 ε-t 좌표평면상의 실시예 11 및 비교 실시예 14의 세퍼레이터에 관한 측정값을 플롯팅하여 얻어진 그래프이다.
Claims (18)
- 한 쌍의 표면을 가지는 정극집전체 및 정극활성물질을 함유하고 정극집전체의 각 면상에 제공된 정극활성물질층을 포함하는 정극, 부극, 적어도 다공성 막을 포함하는 세퍼레이터 및 전해질을 포함하며,
상기 정극활성물질은 주성분으로 니켈을 가지고, 층상구조를 가지며, 고함량의 니켈과 함께 적어도 리튬 및 니켈을 함유하는 리튬 니켈 복합 산화물; 층상구조를 가지며, 저함량의 니켈과 함께 적어도 리튬, 니켈, 코발트 및 망가니즈를 함유하는 리튬 니켈 코발트 망가니즈 복합 산화물; 스피넬 구조를 가지며, 적어도 리튬 및 망가니즈를 함유하는 리튬 망가니즈 복합 산화물; 및 올리빈 구조를 가지며, 적어도 리튬, 철 및 인을 함유하는 리튬 철 인산염 화합물로 구성된 군에서 선택되는 하나 이상의 화합물을 가지며, 상기 정극활성물질층은 34 mg/cm2 이상 50 mg/cm2 이하의 면적밀도(S) (mg/cm2)를 가지며;
상기 다공성 막은
t=a×Ln(ε)-4.02a+100
및
-1.87×1010×S-4.96≤a≤-40
(여기서 ε는 다공도 [%], t는 투기율 [sec/100 cc], S는 정극활성물질층의 면적밀도 [mg/cm2] 및 Ln은 자연 로그)의 식을 만족시키는 다공도(ε)[%] 및 투기율(t)[sec/100cc]를 갖는 전지. - 삭제
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 주성분으로 니켈을 가지는 리튬 니켈 복합 산화물이 다음의 식 (1)
LixNiyCozM1(1-y-z)Ob ...(1)
(여기서 M1은, 붕소(B), 마그네슘(Mg), 알루미늄(Al), 규소(Si), 인(P), 황(S), 티타늄(Ti), 크로뮴(Cr), 망가니즈(Mn), 철(Fe), 구리(Cu), 아연(Zn), 갈륨(Ga), 게르마늄(Ge), 이트륨(Y), 지르코늄(Zr), 몰리브데넘(Mo), 은(Ag), 바륨(Ba), 텅스텐(W), 인듐(In), 주석(Sn), 납(Pb) 및 안티모니(Sb)로 구성된 군에서 선택되는 하나 이상의 원소를 나타내며;
x, y, z 및 b는 0.8<x≤1.2, 0.5≤y≤1.0, 0≤z≤0.5, y+z≤1 및 1.8≤b≤2.2의 범위 내의 값이며; 및
리튬의 조성은 충전 및 방전의 상태에 따라서 상이하며, x의 값은 완전-방전 상태에 있어서의 값을 나타냄)에 의해 표현되는 하나 이상의 복합 산화물을 포함하는 전지. - 제1항에 있어서, 상기 리튬 니켈 코발트 망가니즈 복합 산화물이 다음의 식 (2)
LifNigCoiMn(1-g-i-h)M2hO(2-j)...(2)
(여기서 M2은, 마그네슘(Mg), 알루미늄(Al), 붕소(B), 티타늄(Ti), 바나듐(V), 크로뮴(Cr), 철(Fe), 구리(Cu), 아연(Zn), 지르코늄(Zr), 몰리브데넘(Mo), 주석(Sn), 칼슘(Ca), 스트론튬(Sr) 및 텅스텐(W)으로 구성된 군에서 선택되는 하나 이상의 원소를 나타내며;
f, g, h, j, 및 i 는 0.8≤f≤1.2, 0<g≤0.5, 0≤h≤0.5, g+h+i<1, -0.1≤j≤0.2, 및 0<i≤0.5의 범위 내의 값이며; 및
리튬의 조성은 충전 및 방전의 상태에 따라서 상이하며, f의 값은 완전-방전 상태에 있어서의 값을 나타냄)에 의해 표현되는 하나 이상의 복합 산화물을 포함하는 전지. - 제1항에 있어서, 상기 리튬 망가니즈 복합 산화물이 다음의 식 (3)
LivNi(2-w)M3wOS...(3)
(여기서 M3은, 코발트(Co), 니켈(Ni), 마그네슘(Mg), 알루미늄(Al), 붕소(B), 티타늄(Ti), 바나듐(V), 크로뮴(Cr), 철(Fe), 구리(Cu), 아연(Zn), 몰리브데넘(Mo), 주석(Sn), 칼슘(Ca), 스트론튬(Sr) 및 텅스텐(W)으로 구성된 군에서 선택되는 하나 이상의 원소를 나타내며;
v, w 및 s는, 0.9≤v≤1.1, 0≤w≤0.6, 및 3.7≤s≤4.1의 범위 내의 값이며; 및
리튬의 조성은 충전 및 방전의 상태에 따라서 상이하며、v의 값은 완전-방전 상태에 있어서의 값을 나타냄)에 의해 표현되는 하나 이상의 복합 산화물을 포함하는 전지. - 제1항에 있어서, 상기 리튬 철 인산염 화합물이 다음의 식(4)
LiuFerM4(1-r)PO4...(4)
(여기서 M4은, 코발트(Co), 망가니즈(Mn), 니켈(Ni), 마그네슘(Mg), 알루미늄(Al), 붕소(B), 티타늄(Ti), 바나듐(V), 니오븀(Nb), 구리(Cu), 아연(Zn), 몰리브데넘(Mo), 칼슘(Ca), 스트론튬(Sr), 텅스텐(W) 및 지르코늄(Zr)으로 구성된 군에서 선택되는 하나 이상의 원소를 나타내며;
r 및 u는 0 <r≤1 및 0.9≤u≤1.1의 범위 내의 값이며; 및
리튬의 조성은 충전 및 방전의 상태에 의존하여 상이하며, u의 값은 완전-방전 상태에 있어서의 값을 나타냄)에 의해 표현되는 하나 이상의 인산염 화합물을 포함하는 전지. - 제1항에 있어서, 상기 정극활성물질이 주성분으로 니켈을 가지는 리튬 니켈 복합 산화물로서, 다음의 식
LixNi0 .80Co0 .15Al0 .05O2
(여기서 x는 0.8<x≤1.2 범위 내인 값이며; 및
리튬의 조성은 충전 및 방전의 상태에 의존하여 상이하며, x의 값은 완전-방전 상태에 있어서의 값을 나타냄)의 화합물을 함유하며; 및
상기 LixNi0 .80Co0 .15Al0 .05O2의 함량이, 상기 정극활성물질의 총 질량의 80 질량% 이상 및 98 질량% 이하인 전지. - 제1항에 있어서, 상기 정극활성물질이 리튬 니켈 코발트 망가니즈 복합 산화물 및 리튬 망가니즈 복합 산화물의 혼합물이며, 및
혼합물 내의 리튬 니켈 코발트 망가니즈 복합 산화물의 질량 : 리튬 망가니즈 복합 산화물의 질량의 질량비가 5:5 내지 9:1 사이의 범위 내인 전지. - 제1항에 있어서, 상기 정극활성물질이 주성분으로 니켈을 가지는 리튬 니켈 복합 산화물 또는 주성분으로 니켈을 가지는 리튬 니켈 복합 산화물 및 리튬 망가니즈 복합 산화물의 혼합물이며; 및
정극활성물질 내의 주성분으로 니켈을 가지는 리튬 니켈 복합 산화물의 질량 : 리튬 망가니즈 복합 산화물의 질량의 질량비가 5:5 내지 10:0 사이 범위 내인 전지. - 제1항에 있어서, 상기 다공성 막이 하나 이상의 주면을 가지며, 및
세퍼레이터가 다공성 막의 하나 이상의 표면상에 제공되는, 입자 및 수지를 함유하는 표면층을 추가로 포함하는 전지. - 제1항에 있어서, 상기 다공성 막이 폴리올레핀 수지 막인 전지.
- 제1항에 있어서, 세퍼레이터가 3 ㎛ 이상 및 18 ㎛ 이하의 두께를 가지는 전지.
- 제1항에 따른 전지;
전지를 제어하도록 구성된 제어부 및
전지를 함유하도록 구성된 외장부
를 포함하는 전지팩. - 제1항에 따른 전지를 포함하며, 전지로부터 전력 공급받도록 구성된 전자기기.
- 제1항에 따른 전지;
전지로부터 전력 공급받아 전력을 차량용 구동력으로 변환하도록 구성된 변환기; 및
전지에 대한 정보에 기반하여 차량 제어에 대한 정보를 처리하도록 구성된 제어장치
를 포함하는 전동차량. - 제1항에 따른 전지를 포함하며, 전지와 접속된 전자기기로 전력을 공급하도록 구성된 축전장치.
- 제16항에 있어서, 네트워크를 통해 다른 장치와 신호를 송수신하도록 구성된 전력정보제어장치를 추가로 포함하며, 전력정보제어장치가 수신한 정보에 기반하여 전지의 충전 및 방전을 제어하도록 구성된 축전장치.
- 제1항에 따른 전지로부터 전력 공급받거나; 또는
발전장치 및 전력네트워크 중 하나 이상으로부터 전지로 전력을 공급하도록 구성된 전력 시스템.
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US20170110716A1 (en) | 2017-04-20 |
US20140356695A1 (en) | 2014-12-04 |
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