KR100449403B1 - 무단 변속기용 윤활유 조성물 및 이를 이용한 무단 변속기의 윤활방법 - Google Patents

무단 변속기용 윤활유 조성물 및 이를 이용한 무단 변속기의 윤활방법 Download PDF

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KR100449403B1
KR100449403B1 KR1019970703737A KR19970703737A KR100449403B1 KR 100449403 B1 KR100449403 B1 KR 100449403B1 KR 1019970703737 A KR1019970703737 A KR 1019970703737A KR 19970703737 A KR19970703737 A KR 19970703737A KR 100449403 B1 KR100449403 B1 KR 100449403B1
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South Korea
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continuously variable
lubricating oil
variable transmission
oil composition
extreme pressure
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KR1019970703737A
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English (en)
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도시히코 이치하시
히데오 이가라시
노보루 소노다
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이데미쓰 고산 가부시키가이샤
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    • C10M163/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a compound of unknown or incompletely defined constitution and a non-macromolecular compound, each of these compounds being essential
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    • C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M129/04—Hydroxy compounds
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    • C10M133/52—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of 30 or more atoms
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    • C10M135/12—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof
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    • C10M145/10—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate
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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)

Abstract

본 발명은 윤활유 기본유에 대해, (A) 유황계 극압제, (B) 인계 극압제, 및 (C) 알칼리 토금속계 청정제를 배합하여 제조되는 무단 변속기용 윤활유 조성물 및 이를 이용한 무단 변속기의 윤활방법을 제공하는 것이다. 여기에서, (A) 성분은 황화 유지, 티오카바메이트류 및 티오테르펜류 등으로부터; (B) 성분은 트리크레실 포스페이트 및 알킬 또는 알케닐인산 에스테르 아민염 등으로부터; (C) 성분은 칼슘 페네이트 등으로부터 선택된다. 이 윤활유 조성물은 내마모성 및 극압성이 우수하고, 마찰계수를 장시간 높게 유지할 수 있으며, 대용량의 토크 전달이 가능한 무단 변속기용 윤활유 조성물로서, 특히 금속 벨트형의 변속기용으로 유용하다.

Description

무단 변속기용 윤활유 조성물 및 이를 이용한 무단 변속기의 윤활방법{LUBRICATING OIL COMPOSITION FOR STEPLESS TRANSMISSIONS AND METHOD FOR LUBRICATING STEPLESS TRANSMISSIONS THEREWITH}
종래, 자동차용 자동 변속기로는 토크 변환기 및 여러 종류의 치차열(gear train)을 갖는 유단 변속기가 사용되어 왔으나, 이러한 유단 변속기에 있어서는, 토크 변환기에 의한 미끄러짐 손실 또는 변속시의 토크 손실에 의해 효율이 나쁜 문제가 있었다. 이 때문에, 최근 자동차용 변속기로서 강철 벨트를 이용한 무단 변속기가 개발되어 실용상 제공될 수 있게 되었다.
그러나, 이 무단 변속기에 사용되는 윤활유로서 종래의 유단 변속기용 윤활유(소위 ATF)가 전용되어 왔기 때문에, 고부하시에 마찰계수가 저하되어 큰 토크의 전달이 불가능하거나 급가속시에 벨트가 미끄러져 토크 전달율이 저하되는 등의 문제가 있었다. 따라서, 무단 변속기를 이용하는 차량은 적은 배기량(낮은 토크)의차로 한정되었다.
여기에서, 실기계의 구조 측면으로부터 토크 전달율의 향상이 시도되었으나, 메카니즘상 미세한 미끄러짐을 수반하여 토크 전달을 수행하기 때문에, 토크 전달율의 향상 및 내마모성의 향상을 양립시키는 것이 곤란하였다.
본 발명은 이러한 상황하에, 내마모성 및 극압성이 우수하고, 마찰계수를 장시간 높게 유지할 수 있고, 대용량의 토크 전달이 가능하고, 특히 금속 벨트형의 변속기용으로 적합한 무단 변속기용 윤활유 조성물 및 이를 이용한 무단 변속기의 윤활방법을 제공하는 것을 목적으로 한다.
발명의 개시
본 발명자들은 상기의 바람직한 성질을 갖는 무단 변속기용 윤활유 조성물을 개발하고자 예의 연구를 계속한 결과, 유황계 극압제, 인계 극압제 및 알칼리 토금속계 청정제를 필수 성분으로서 조합하고 윤활유 기본유에 배합함으로써 마찰계수를 0.10 이상으로 장시간 유지할 수 있음을 발견하였다. 본 발명은 이와 같은 견지에 기초하여 완성된 것이다.
즉, 본 발명은 (1) 윤활유 기본유에 대해, (A) 유황계 극압제, (B) 인계 극압제, 및 (C) 알칼리 토금속계 청정제를 배합하여 제조되는 무단 변속기용 윤활유 조성물 및 이를 이용한 무단 변속기의 윤활방법을 제공하는 것이다.
또한, 본 발명의 바람직한 양태는 다음과 같은 것이다:
(2) 유황계 극압제가 황화 유지, 티오카바메이트류 및 티오테르펜류 중에서 선택된 한 종류 이상인 상기 (1)의 무단 변속기용 윤활유 조성물,
(3) 인계 극압제가 트리크레실 포스페이트 및 알킬 또는 알케닐 산성 인산 에스테르 아민염 중에서 선택된 한 종류 이상인 상기 (1) 또는 (2)의 무단 변속기용 윤활유 조성물,
(4) 알칼리 토금속계 청정제가 칼슘 페네이트인 상기 (1) 내지 (3)중 어느 하나에 기재된 무단 변속기용 윤활유 조성물,
(5) 조성물 총량에 대해, (A) 성분 0.05 내지 5 중량%, (B) 성분 0.05 내지 5 중량% 및 (C) 성분 0.05 내지 8 중량%를 배합하여 제조되는 상기 (1) 내지 (4)중 어느 하나에 기재된 무단 변속기용 윤활유 조성물,
(6) 무단 변속기가 금속 벨트형의 변속기인 상기 (1) 내지 (5)중 어느 하나에 기재된 무단 변속기용 윤활유 조성물,
(7) 상기 (1) 내지 (6)중 어느 하나에 기재된 무단 변속기용 윤활유 조성물을 사용하는 무단 변속기의 윤활방법, 및
(8) 상기 (1) 내지 (6)중 어느 하나에 기재된 무단 변속기용 윤활유 조성물을 사용하여 무단 변속 및 토크 전달을 동시에 수행하는 무단 변속기의 윤활방법.
본 발명은 무단 변속기용 윤활유 조성물에 관한 것으로, 더욱 상세하게는 내마모성 및 극압성이 우수하고, 마찰계수를 장시간 높게 유지할 수 있으며, 대용량의 토크(torque) 전달이 가능하고, 특히 금속 벨트형의 변속기용으로 적합한 무단 변속기용 윤활유 조성물 및 이를 이용한 무단 변속기의 윤활방법에 관한 것이다.
본 발명의 윤활유 조성물에 있어서 기본유로는 통상적으로 광유 또는 합성유가 사용된다. 이 광유 또는 합성유의 종류 등에 대해서 특히 제한되지는 않으나, 통상 100℃에서의 동점도가 1 내지 50cSt, 바람직하게는 2 내지 15cSt의 범위이고, 또한 %CA(ASTM D 3238-80)가 20 이하, 바람직하게는 10 이하의 광유 또는 이와 동등한 수준 이상의 성능을 갖는 합성유가 사용된다. 또한, 기본유로는 유동점이 -10℃ 이하, 특히 -15℃ 이하의 것이 바람직하다.
여기에서, 광유로는, 예를 들면 용매 추출 및 수소첨가 등의 통상적인 정제법에 의해 수득된 파라핀기계 광유, 중간기계 광유 또는 나프텐기계 광유 등을 들 수 있다. 이 중에서 특히 파라핀기계 광유가 바람직하다.
또한, 합성유로는, 예를 들면, 폴리부텐, 폴리올레핀[α-올레핀 단독중합체 또는 공중합체(예를 들면, 에틸렌-α-올레핀 공중합체) 등], 각종 에스테르(예를 들면, 폴리올에스테르, 이염기산 에스테르, 인산 에스테르 등), 각종 에테르(예를 들면, 폴리페닐에테르 등), 폴리글리콜, 알킬벤젠, 알킬나프탈렌 등을 들 수 있다. 이들 중에서 특히 폴리올레핀, 폴리올에스테르가 바람직하다.
본 발명에 있어서, 기본유로서 상기 광유를 한 종류 사용하거나 두 종류 이상을 조합하여 사용할 수 있다. 또한, 상기 합성유를 한 종류 사용하거나 두 종류 이상 조합하여 사용할 수 있다. 더욱이는, 광유 한 종류 이상과 합성유 한 종류 이상을 조합하여 사용할 수 있다.
본 발명의 윤활유 조성물에 있어서, (A) 성분으로서 사용되는 유황계 극압제로는 분자내에 유황 원자를 갖고, 윤활유 기본유에 용해 또는 균일하게 분산되어 극압성 또는 내마모성을 발휘할 수 있는 것이 좋으나, 특히 제한되지는 않는다. 이러한 것으로는, 예를 들면 동식물유 또는 합성유의 황화물인 황화 유지, 올레핀 폴리설파이드, 디하이드로카빌 폴리설파이드, 황화 광유, 티오카바메이트류, 티오테르펜류, 디알킬티오디프로피오네이트류 등을 들 수 있다.
여기에서, 황화유지의 예로는 황화 라드(lard), 황화 평지씨유, 황화 피마자유, 황화 대두유, 황화 쌀겨유, 또한 황화 올레산 등의 이황화 지방산, 황화 올레산 메틸 등의 황화 에스테르 등을 들 수 있다. 올레핀 폴리설파이드의 예로는 탄소수 3 내지 20의 올레핀 또는 이의 2량체 내지 4량체를, 황화제, 구체적으로는 유황, 염화 유황, 기타 할로겐화 유황 등과 반응시켜 수득되는 것을 들 수 있고, 이 올레핀으로는, 예를 들면 프로필렌, 이소부텐, 디이소부텐 등이 바람직하다.
또한, 디하이드로카빌 폴리설파이드는 하기 일반식 (I)의 화합물이다:
[화학식 I]
R1-Sx-R2
상기 식에서,
R1및 R2는 각각 탄소수 1 내지 20의 알킬기, 탄소수 6 내지 20의 아릴기, 탄소수 7 내지 20의 알킬아릴기 또는 탄소수 7 내지 20의 아릴알킬기이고, 이들은 서로 동일하거나 상이할 수 있고;
x는 2 내지 8의 실수(상세하게는 유리수)이다.
상기 일반식 (I)의 R1및 R2의 구체예로는 메틸기, 에틸기, n-프로필기, 이소프로필기, n-부틸기, 이소부틸기, s-부틸기, t-부틸기, 각종 펜틸기, 각종 헥실기, 각종 헵틸기, 각종 옥틸기, 각종 노닐기, 각종 데실기, 각종 도데실기, 사이클로헥실기, 사이클로옥틸기, 페닐기, 나프틸기, 톨릴기, 크실릴기, 벤질기, 페네틸기 등을 들 수 있다.
이 디하이드로카빌 폴리설파이드로는 예를 들면 디벤질폴리설파이드, 디-t-노닐폴리설파이드, 디도데실폴리설파이드 등을 바람직하게 들 수 있다.
또한, 티오카바메이트류로는, 예를 들면 아연 디티오카바메이트 등이 있고, 티오테르펜류로는, 예를 들면 오황화 인과 피넨의 반응물 등이 있고, 디알킬티오디프로피오네이트류로는, 예를 들면 디라우릴티오디프로피오네이트, 디스테아릴티오디프로피오네이트 등을 들 수 있다. 이들 중에서 극압성, 내마모성 등의 측면에서 특히 황화 유지, 티오카바메이트류 및 티오테르펜류의 불활성 극압제가 바람직하다.
본 발명에 있어서, 상기 유황계 극압제는 한 종류 사용하거나 두 종류 이상 조합하여 사용할 수 있다. 또한, 이 배합량은 통상 조성물 총량에 기준하여, 0.05 내지 5 중량%의 범위에서 선택된다. 이 배합량이 0.05 중량% 미만이면 극압성 또는 내마모성이 부족할 우려가 있고, 또한 5 중량%를 초과하면 산화 안정성이 저하되는 경향이 발견된다. 극압성, 내마모성, 산화 안정성 등의 측면에서 이 유황계 극압제의 바람직한 배합량은 조성물 총량에 기준하여 0.1 내지 3 중량%의 범위이다.
본 발명의 윤활유 조성물에 있어서, (B) 성분으로서 사용되는 인계 극압제로는 분자내에 인 원자를 갖고, 윤활유 기본유에 용해 또는 균일하게 분산되어 극압성 또는 내마모성을 발휘할 수 있는 것이 좋으나, 특히 제한되지는 않는다. 이러한 것으로는, 예를 들면 인산 에스테르, 산성 인산 에스테르, 아인산 에스테르, 산성 아인산 에스테르, 티오인산 에스테르, 산성 티오인산 에스테르 및 이들의 아민염, 더욱이는 상기의 오황화 인과 피넨의 반응물 등의 인황화 테르펜류 등을 들 수 있다.
여기에서, 인산 에스테르 및 아인산 에스테르의 예로는 트리부틸포스페이트 및 포스파이트, 트리헥실포스페이트 및 포스파이트, 트리-2-에틸헥실포스페이트 및 포스파이트, 트리데실포스페이트 및 포스파이트, 트리라우릴포스페이트 및 포스파이트, 트리미리스틸포스페이트 및 포스파이트, 트리팔미틸포스페이트 및 포스파이트, 트리스테아릴포스페이트 및 포스파이트, 트리올레일포스페이트 및 포스파이트 등의 탄소수 3 내지 30의 알킬기 또는 알케닐기를 갖는 인산 에스테르 및 아인산 에스테르; 트리페닐포스페이트 및 포스파이트, 트리크레실포스페이트 및 포스파이트 등의 탄소수 6 내지 30의 아릴기를 갖는 인산 에스테르 및 아인산 에스테르 등을 들 수 있다.
산성 인산 에스테르 및 산성 아인산 에스테르의 예로는 모노- 또는 디-부틸하이로겐 포스페이트 및 포스파이트, 모노- 또는 디-펜틸하이드로겐 포스페이트 및 포스파이트, 모노- 또는 디-2-에틸헥실하이드로겐 포스페이트 및 포스파이트, 모노- 또는 디-팔미틸하이드로겐 포스페이트 및 포스파이트, 모노- 또는 디-라우릴하이드로겐 포스페이트 및 포스파이트, 모노- 또는 디-스테아릴하이드로겐 포스페이트 및 포스파이트, 모노- 또는 디-올레일하이드로겐 포스페이트 및 포스파이트 등의 탄소수 3 내지 30의 알킬기 또는 알케닐기를 갖는 산성 인산 에스테르 및 산성 아인산 에스테르; 모노- 또는 디-페닐하이드로겐 포스페이트 및 포스파이트, 모노- 또는 디-크레실하이드로겐 포스페이트 및 포스파이트 등의 탄소수 6 내지 30의 아릴기를 갖는 산성 인산 에스테르 및 산성 아인산 에스테르 등을 들 수 있다.
또한, 티오인산 에스테르 및 산성 티오인산 에스테르로는 각각 상기 예시된 인산 에스테르 및 산성 인산 에스테르에 대응하는 것을 들 수 있다.
또한, 이들과 아민염을 형성하는 아민류로는, 예를 들면 하기 일반식 (II)의 일치환 아민, 이치환 아민 또는 삼치환 아민을 들 수 있다:
[화학식 II]
RnNH3-n
상기 식에서,
R은 탄소수 3 내지 30의 알킬기 또는 알케닐기, 탄소수 6 내지 30의 아릴기 또는 아르알킬기, 또는 탄소수 2 내지 30의 하이드록시알킬기이며, R이 복수인 경우, 복수의 R은 동일하거나 상이할 수 있고;
n은 1, 2 또는 3이다.
상기 화학식 (II)의 R중의 탄소수 3 내지 30의 알킬기 또는 알케닐기는 직쇄상, 분지상, 환상중 임의의 것일 수 있다.
여기에서, 일치환 아민의 예로는 부틸아민, 펜틸아민, 헥실아민, 사이클로헥실아민, 옥틸아민, 라우릴아민, 스테아릴아민, 올레일아민, 벤질아민 등을 들 수 있고; 이치환 아민의 예로는 디부틸아민, 디펜틸아민, 디헥실아민, 디사이클로헥실아민, 디옥틸아민, 디라우릴아민, 디스테아릴아민, 디올레일아민, 디벤질아민, 스테아릴·모노에탄올아민, 데실·모노에탄올아민, 헥실·모노프로판올아민, 벤질·모노에탄올아민, 페닐·모노에탄올아민, 톨릴·모노프로판올아민 등을 들 수 있다. 또한, 삼치환 아민의 예로는 트리부틸아민, 트리펜틸아민, 트리헥실아민, 트리사이클로헥실아민, 트리옥틸아민, 트리라우릴아민, 트리스테아릴아민, 트리올레일아민, 트리벤질아민, 디올레일·모노에탄올아민, 디라우릴·모노프로판올아민, 디옥틸·모노에탄올아민, 디헥실·모노프로판올아민, 디부틸·모노프로판올아민, 올레일·디에탄올아민, 스테아릴·디프로판올아민, 라우릴·디에탄올아민, 옥틸·디프로판올아민, 부틸·디에탄올아민, 벤질·디에탄올아민, 페닐·디에탄올아민, 톨릴·디프로판올아민, 크실릴·디에탄올아민, 트리에탄올아민, 트리프로판올아민 등을 들 수 있다.
이들 인계 극압제 중, 극압성, 내마모성 등의 측면에서 트리크레실포스페이트 및 각종 알킬 또는 알케닐 산성 인산 에스테르 아민염이 바람직하다.
또한, 상기 인계 극압제 중에서, 티오인산 에스테르, 산성 티오인산 에스테르 및 이들의 아민염, 인황화 테르펜류는 분자내에 유황 원자 및 인 원자를 함유하므로, (A) 및 (B) 성분의 공통의 화합물로서 유효하다.
본 발명에 있어서, 상기 인계 극압제는 한 종류 사용하거나 두 종류 이상 조합하여 사용할 수 있다. 또한, 이 배합량은 통상 조성물 총량에 기준하여 0.05 내지 5 중량%의 범위에서 선택된다. 이 양이 0.05 중량% 미만이면 극압성 또는 내마모성이 부족할 우려가 있고, 또한 5 중량%를 초과하면 슬러지 또는 녹이 발생할 우려가 있다. 극압성, 내마모성 및 슬러지 또는 녹 발생의 억제 등의 측면에서, 이러한 인계 극압제의 바람직한 배합량은 조성물 총량에 기준하여 0.1 내지 3 중량%의 범위이다.
본 발명의 윤활유 조성물에 있어서, (C) 성분으로서 사용되는 알칼리 토금속계 청정제로는 분자내에 알칼리 토금속을 갖고, 윤활유 기본유에 용해 또는 균일하게 분산되어 극압성 또는 내마모성을 발휘할 수 있는 것이 좋으나, 특히 제한되지는 않는다. 이러한 것으로는, 예를 들면 알칼리 토금속의 설포네이트, 페네이트, 살리실레이트, 포스포네이트 등을 들 수 있으나, 이들 중에서 효과의 측면에서 알칼리 토금속의 설포네이트 및 페네이트, 특히 페네이트가 바람직하고, 마찰계수 향상의 측면에서 칼슘 페네이트가 바람직하다.
이 알칼리 토금속계 청정제의 염기가는 80 내지 350mgKOH/g의 범위인 것이 바람직하다. 염기가가 80mgKOH/g 미만이면 효과가 불충분하고, 또한 350mgKOH/g을 초과하면 내마모성이 저하되는 경향이 발견된다. 효과가 유효하게 발휘되는 측면에서 이 염기가는 특히 100 내지 280mgKOH/g의 범위가 바람직하다.
본 발명에 있어서, 상기 알칼리 토금속계 청정제는 한 종류 사용하거나 두 종류 이상 조합하여 사용할 수 있다. 또한, 이 배합량은 통상 조성물 총량에 기준하여 0.05 내지 8 중량%의 범위에서 선택된다. 이 양이 0.05 중량% 미만이면 효과가 충분하게 발휘되지 않고, 8 중량%를 초과하면 기본유에 대한 용해성이 나빠진다. 효과 및 기본유에 대한 용해성 등의 측면에서 이 알칼리 토금속계 청정제의 바람직한 배합량은 조성물 총량에 기준하여 0.1 내지 4 중량%의 범위이다.
본 발명의 윤활유 조성물에는 본 발명의 목적이 훼손되지 않는 범위에서, 필요에 따라 기타 첨가제, 예를 들면 산화방지제, 무회분계 분산제, 점도지수 향상제, 유동점 강하제, 녹 방지제, 금속부식 방지제, 소포제, 계면활성제, 착색제 등을 적당하게 첨가할 수 있다.
여기에서, 산화 방지제로는 장애 페놀계 또는 아민계의 산화 방지제, 또는 디알킬디티오인산 아연(ZnDTP) 등이 바람직하게 사용된다. 장애 페놀계 산화 방지제로는, 예를 들면, 4,4'-메틸렌비스(2,6-디-t-부틸페놀); 4,4'-비스(2,6-디-t-부틸페놀); 4,4'-비스(2-메틸-6-t-부틸페놀); 2,2'-메틸렌비스(4-에틸-6-t-부틸페놀); 2,2'-메틸렌비스(4-메틸-6-t-부틸페놀); 4,4'-부틸리덴비스(3-메틸-6-t-부틸페놀); 4,4'-이소프로필리덴비스(2,6-디-t-부틸페놀); 2,2'-메틸렌비스(4-메틸-6-노닐페놀); 2,2'-이소부틸리덴비스(4,6-디메틸페놀); 2,2'-메틸렌비스(4-메틸-6-사이클로헥실페놀); 2,6-디-t-부틸-4-메틸페놀; 2,6-디-t-부틸-4-에틸페놀; 2,4-디메틸-6-t-부틸페놀; 2,6-디-t-아밀-p-크레졸; 2,6-디-t-부틸-4-(N,N'-디메틸아미노메틸페놀); 4,4'-티오비스(2-메틸-6-t-부틸페놀); 4,4'-티오비스(3-메틸-6-t-부틸페놀); 2,2'-티오비스(4-메틸-6-t-부틸페놀); 비스(3-메틸-4-하이드록시-5-t-부틸벤질)설파이드; 비스(3,5-디-t-부틸-4-하이드록시벤질)설파이드; n-옥타데실-3-(4-하이드록시-3,5-디-t-부틸페닐)프로피오네이트; 2,2'-티오[디에틸비스-3-(3,5-디-t-부틸-4-하이드록시페닐)프로피오네이트] 등을 들 수 있다. 이들 중에서, 특히 비스페놀계 및 에스테르기 함유 페놀계의 산화 방지제가 바람직하다.
또한, 아민계 산화 방지제로는, 예를 들면 모노옥틸디페닐아민, 모노노닐디페닐아민 등의 모노알킬디페닐아민계; 4,4'-디부틸디페닐아민, 4,4'-디펜틸디페닐아민, 4,4'-디헥실디페닐아민, 4,4'-디헵틸디페닐아민, 4,4'-디옥틸디페닐아민, 4,4'-디노닐디페닐아민 등의 디알킬디페닐아민계; 테트라부틸디페닐아민, 테트라헥실디페닐아민, 테트라옥틸디페닐아민, 테트라노닐디페닐아민 등의 폴리알킬디페닐아민계; 및 나프틸아민계의 산화 방지제, 구체적으로는 α-나프틸아민, 페닐-α-나프틸아민, 또한 부틸페닐-α-나프틸아민, 펜틸페닐-α-나프틸아민, 헥실페닐-α-나프틸아민, 헵틸페닐-α-나프틸아민, 옥틸페닐-α-나프틸아민, 노닐페닐-α-나프틸아민 등의 알킬치환페닐-α-나프틸아민 등을 들 수 있다. 이들 중에서 디알킬디페닐아민계 및 나프틸아민계의 산화 방지제가 바람직하다.
또한, 디알킬디티오인산 아연(ZnDTP)으로는 디아밀디티오인산 아연, 디부틸디티오인산 아연, 디(2-에틸헥실)디티오인산 아연 등을 들 수 있다.
또한, 무회분계 분산제로는, 예를 들면 숙신산 이미드류(폴리부테닐숙신산 이미드 등), 붕소 함유 숙신산 이미드류, 벤질 아민류, 붕소 함유 벤질 아민류, 숙신산 에스테르류, 지방산 또는 숙신산으로 대표되는 1가 또는 2가의 카복실산의 아미드류 등을 들 수 있다.
점도지수 향상제로는, 예를 들면 폴리메타크릴레이트, 분산형 폴리메타크릴레이트, 올레핀계 공중합체(예를 들면, 에틸렌-프로필렌 공중합체 등), 분산형 올레핀계 공중합체, 스티렌계 공중합체(예를 들면, 스티렌-디엔 수소화 공중합체 등) 등을 들 수 있고, 또한 유동점 강하제로는 예를 들면, 폴리메타크릴레이트 등을 들 수 있다.
녹 방지제는, 예를 들면 알케닐숙신산 또는 이의 부분 에스테르 등이 사용되고, 금속부식 방지제로는, 예를 들면 벤조트리아졸계, 벤즈이미다졸계, 벤조티아졸계, 티아디아졸계 등이 사용되고, 소포제로는, 예를 들면 디메틸폴리실록산, 폴리아크릴레이트 등이 사용되고, 계면 활성제로는, 예를 들면 폴리옥시에틸렌알킬페닐에테르 등이 사용된다. 이들 첨가제는 이러한 종류이면 좋으며, 통상은 조성물중에 0.01 내지 10 중량% 정도 배합된다.
본 발명의 무단 변속기용 윤활유 조성물은 마찰계수를 0.10 이상으로 장시간 유지할 수 있으므로 대용량의 토크 전달이 가능하고, 특히 금속 벨트형의 변속기용으로 바람직하다.
다음에, 본 발명을 실시예에 의해 보다 상세하게 설명하는데, 본 발명은 이들 예에 의해 한정되는 것은 아니다.
실시예 1 내지 3 및 비교예 1 내지 4
기본유로서 파라핀계 광유를 사용하고, 하기 표 1에 나타낸 종류 및 양(중량%)의 각종 첨가제를 기본유 온도 60℃의 교반조건하에서 기본유에 배합하여 윤활유 조성물을 제조하였다.
각 윤활유 조성물에 대해, 이하에 나타나듯이 핀-온-디스크(pin-on-disk) 시험기로 시험을 실시하여 마찰계수 및 마찰계수 유지시간을 측정하였다. 결과를 하기 표 1에 나타내었다.
[핀-온-디스크 시험기에 의한 시험]
윤활유의 양: 600㎖, 윤활유의 온도: 130℃, 미끄러짐 속도: 1200mm/초, 면압: 20kgf/cm2, 핀: S45C, 디스크: SCM420, 시험시간: 240분의 조건에서, 핀-온-디스크 시험기로 시험을 실시하여, 마찰계수로서 240분 후의 마찰계수를 구함과 동시에 마찰계수 유지시간으로서 0.10 이상의 마찰계수를 나타내는 시간(분)을 구했다.
[표 1]
Figure pct00001
상기 표 1로부터 알 수 있듯이, 비교예의 윤활유 조성물은 실시예의 것에 비해 마찰계수가 조기에 저하되고, 토크의 전달율이 나빠진다.
비교예 5
덱시론 III(Dexiron III, 등록상표) 규격상당의 시판되는 자동 변속기유(ATF)에 대해, 동일하게 핀-온-디스크 시험기로 시험을 실시하였을 때, 시험시간 1분에 소부(seizure)가 생겼다.
이들 실시예로부터 본 발명의 무단 변속기용 윤활유 조성물은 마찰계수를 0.10 이상으로 장시간 유지할 수 있으므로 대용량의 토크 전달이 가능하고, 그 결과 금속 벨트형의 변속기용으로서 적합하게 사용된다.
본 발명의 무단 변속기용 윤활유 조성물은 내마모성 및 극압성이 우수하고, 마찰계수를 장시간 높게 유지할 수 있으며, 대용량의 토크 전달이 가능하고, 특히 금속 벨트형의 변속기용으로 적합하게 사용된다.

Claims (7)

  1. 윤활유 기본유에, 조성물 총량에 대해 각각 성분 0.05 내지 5 중량%의 (A) 유황계 극압제, 0.05 내지 5 중량%의 (B) 인계 극압제, 및 (C) 0.05 내지 8 중량%의 알칼리 토금속계 청정제를 배합하여 제조되는 무단 변속기용 윤활유 조성물.
  2. 제 1 항에 있어서,
    유황계 극압제가 황화 유지, 티오카바메이트류 및 티오테르펜류 중에서 선택되는 한 종류 이상인 무단 변속기용 윤활유 조성물.
  3. 제 1 항에 있어서,
    인계 극압제가 트리크레실포스페이트 및 알킬 또는 알케닐 산성 인산 에스테르 아민염 중에서 선택되는 한 종류 이상인 무단 변속기용 윤활유 조성물.
  4. 제 1 항에 있어서,
    알칼리 토금속계 청정제가 칼슘 페네이트인 무단 변속기용 윤활유 조성물.
  5. 제 1 항에 있어서,
    무단 변속기가 금속 벨트형의 변속기인 무단 변속기용 윤활유 조성물.
  6. 제 1 항의 무단 변속기용 윤활유 조성물을 사용하는 무단 변속기의 윤활방법.
  7. 제 1 항의 무단 변속기용 윤활유 조성물을 사용하는, 무단 변속 및 토크 전달을 동시에 수행하는 무단 변속기의 윤활방법.
KR1019970703737A 1995-10-05 1996-10-03 무단 변속기용 윤활유 조성물 및 이를 이용한 무단 변속기의 윤활방법 KR100449403B1 (ko)

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DE69628817D1 (de) 2003-07-31
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US5792731A (en) 1998-08-11
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