JPWO2020039903A1 - 排ガス浄化触媒用多孔質構造体及びそれを用いた排ガス浄化触媒並びに排ガス浄化方法 - Google Patents
排ガス浄化触媒用多孔質構造体及びそれを用いた排ガス浄化触媒並びに排ガス浄化方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dysprosium atom Chemical compound [Dy] KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N erbium Chemical compound [Er] UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N europium atom Chemical compound [Eu] OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- OHSVLFRHMCKCQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N lutetium atom Chemical compound [Lu] OHSVLFRHMCKCQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VSIIXMUUUJUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;fluoride;triphosphate Chemical compound [F-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O VSIIXMUUUJUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NWAHZABTSDUXMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Pt+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O NWAHZABTSDUXMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- AABBHSMFGKYLKE-SNAWJCMRSA-N propan-2-yl (e)-but-2-enoate Chemical compound C\C=C\C(=O)OC(C)C AABBHSMFGKYLKE-SNAWJCMRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001404 rare earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011163 secondary particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N terbium atom Chemical compound [Tb] GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
排ガス浄化触媒は、通常、ハニカム形状等の多孔質基材上に、担体である無機材料に貴金属が担持された触媒層が形成された構成を有している。この無機材料は通常、貴金属が排ガス成分に接触する確率を高めて浄化効率を向上させるため、比表面積の高い多孔質なものが用いられている。
これに対し、特許文献1〜3に記載された従来の排ガス浄化触媒に関しては、触媒層の細孔容積に着目した技術であってもライトオフ性能が十分とは言い難かった。
前記排ガス浄化触媒は、水銀圧入ポロシメータにより測定される細孔容積分布において、細孔径が5nm以上15nm未満の細孔容積に対する15nm以上25nm未満の細孔容積の比が1.3以上2.5以下である、排ガス浄化触媒を提供するものである。
排ガス浄化触媒用多孔質構造体の多孔質の程度は、これを水銀圧入ポロシメータにより測定される細孔容積分布で表すと、細孔径が5nm以上15nm未満の細孔容積(A)に対する15nm以上25nm未満の細孔容積(B)の比(B/A)が以下の特定の範囲であることが好ましい。すなわち、B/Aの値が1.3以上2.5以下であることが好ましく、1.4以上2.3以下であることがより好ましく、1.6以上2.1以下であることが特に好ましい。
上述した通り、本発明において重要なのは、多孔質構造体中の細孔径が5nm以上15nm未満の細孔の細孔容積(A)と細孔径が15nm以上25nm未満の細孔の細孔容積(B)とのバランスであるから、厚み方向におけるこれらの細孔の配置に関わらず、B/A比が特定範囲であることでライトオフ性能を向上させることができると本発明者は考えている。
一方、全細孔容積中、細孔径15nm以上25nm未満の細孔容積の割合は、10%以上50%以下であることが好ましく、13%以上30%以下であることがより好ましい。なお、本発明でいう「全細孔容積」とは、水銀圧入ポロシメータにより測定される3nm〜350000nmの範囲における細孔容積をいい、多孔質構造体に由来する細孔のみならず、基材の細孔の容積も含むものである。
なお、基材ごと測定した多孔質構造体の細孔容積分布において、基材の細孔の細孔径は通常500nm以上であることから、基材の有無に関わらず細孔径500nm未満の領域にて細孔容積分布を求めることができる。
なお、上述した通り、本発明の排ガス浄化触媒は、基材に本発明の多孔質構造体を設けたものであるから、上記基材ごと測定した本発明の多孔質構造体の細孔容積分布は、本発明における排ガス浄化触媒の細孔容積分布に該当する。基材の例は後述する。
例えば、多孔質構造体を下層触媒層及び上層触媒層を含む二層以上の構成とする場合には、下層触媒層及び上層触媒層に異なる触媒活性成分を含有させることが、排ガス浄化性能を高める点で好ましく、特に下層触媒層にパラジウム(Pd)を含有させ、上層触媒層に白金(Pt)又はロジウム(Rh)を含有させることが、排ガス浄化性能を一層高める点で好ましい。
本実施形態では、多孔質構造体は酸素貯蔵成分(OSC材料)に加えて無機多孔質体を含有するものであるが、OSC材料それ自体も多孔質体であることが触媒活性成分を担持しやすいため好ましい。多孔質構造体においてOSC材料が多孔質体であることは、走査型電子顕微鏡により多孔質構造体を観察すると共に、多孔質構造体の組成をエネルギー分散型X線分光法(EDX)にて分析したり、電子プローブマイクロアナライザ(EPMA)にて分析することで確認できる。
なお、無機多孔質体がアパタイト型ランタンシリケートである場合、かかる無機多孔質体の有無はX線回折測定及びICP−AESによる組成分析により確認できる。また、多孔質構造体においてOSC材料以外の無機多孔質体が存在することは、走査型電子顕微鏡により多孔質構造体を観察し、且つ多孔質構造体の組成をエネルギー分散型X線分光法(EDX)にて分析したり、電子プローブマイクロアナライザ(EPMA)にて分析することで確認できる。
また、後述するように多孔質構造体中にバインダーを用いた場合、バインダー成分と、無機多孔質体やOSC材料とが同じ材料となることがある。この場合に関しても、バインダー成分と、無機多孔質体やOSC材料とを区別する方法として、上述のようにEDXやEPMAを用い、材料の粒径や各材料に添加される成分等を分析することが挙げられる。
(1)下層触媒層用スラリーの調製
容器に硝酸パラジウム水溶液を入れ、OSC材料粉末(CeO2−ZrO2複合酸化物(CeO2:40質量%、ZrO2:50質量%、その他10質量%含有)、BET比表面積:85m2/g、細孔径:20nm、D50:6μm)、第一無機多孔質体粉末(4質量%のLa2O3で修飾されたAl2O3、BET比表面積:150m2/g、細孔径:17.6nm、D50:35μm)、及び、第二無機多孔質体粉末(4質量%のLa2O3で修飾されたAl2O3、BET比表面積:170m2/g、細孔径:9.8nm、D50:30μm)を入れて撹拌した。第一無機多孔質体粉末と第二無機多孔質体粉末との質量比が91:9となるように調製した。次いで、上述した粉末材料が十分に拡散した後に、バインダーとしてアルミナゾル(D50:<0.2μm)を入れ、更に撹拌して、下層触媒層用スラリーを調製した。スラリーは、触媒層とした際にOSC材料60質量%、無機多孔質体(第一無機多孔質体+第二無機多孔質体)29質量%、アルミナゾル由来のアルミナ8質量%、パラジウム3質量%の構成比率となるように調製されてなる。
容器に硝酸ロジウム水溶液を入れ、OSC材料粉末(CeO2−ZrO2複合酸化物(CeO2:15質量%、ZrO2:70質量%、その他15質量%含有、BET比表面積:55m2/g、細孔径:40nm、D50:6μm)及び無機多孔質体粉末(4質量%のLa2O3で修飾されたAl2O3、BET比表面積:150m2/g、細孔径:14.0nm、D50:7μm)を入れて撹拌した。次いで、上述した粉末材料が十分に拡散した後にバインダーとしてアルミナゾル(D50:<0.2μm)を入れ、更に撹拌して、上層触媒層用スラリーを調製した。スラリーは、触媒層とした際にOSC材料60質量%、無機多孔質体31質量%、アルミナゾル由来のアルミナ8質量%、ロジウム1質量%の構成比率となるように調製されてなる。
セラミックス製ハニカム基材(セル数600cpi、壁厚3.5mil)に、(1)で調製した下層触媒層用スラリーをコートし、150℃で1時間乾燥させた後、450℃で3時間焼成して、コート量が95g/Lの下層触媒層を形成した。次いで、下層触媒層上に(2)で調製した上層触媒層用スラリーをコートし、150℃で1時間乾燥させた後、450℃で3時間焼成して、コート量が50g/Lの上層触媒層を形成し、基材上に2層の触媒層(多孔質構造体)が形成された排ガス浄化触媒を作製した。
実施例1の(1)の下層触媒層用スラリーの調製の際に、第一無機多孔質体粉末及び第二無機多孔質体粉末の質量比を50:50に変更した。その点以外は、実施例1と同様にして、実施例2の排ガス浄化触媒を得た。
実施例1の(1)の下層触媒層用スラリーの調製の際に、第一無機多孔質体粉末及び第二無機多孔質体粉末に替えて、無機多孔質体粉末(La2O3が1質量%修飾されたAl2O3、BET比表面積:150m2/g、細孔径:16.0nm、D50:35μm)を用いた。その点以外は実施例1と同様にして、実施例3の排ガス浄化触媒を得た。
実施例1の(1)の下層触媒層用スラリーの調製の際に、第一無機多孔質体粉末及び第二無機多孔質体粉末の質量比を30:70に変更した。その点以外は、実施例1と同様にして、実施例4の排ガス浄化触媒を得た。
実施例1の(1)の下層触媒層用スラリーの調製の際に、第一無機多孔質体粉末及び第二無機多孔質体粉末の質量比を9:91に変更した。その点以外は、実施例1と同様にして、実施例5の排ガス浄化触媒を得た。
実施例1の(1)の下層触媒層用スラリーの調製の際に、第一無機多孔質体粉末及び第二無機多孔質体粉末の質量比を0:100に変更した。その点以外は、実施例1と同様にして、比較例1の排ガス浄化触媒を得た。
(1)下層触媒層用スラリーの調製
実施例1の(1)の下層触媒層用スラリーの調製の際に、第一無機多孔質体粉末及び第二無機多孔質体粉末の質量比を100:0に変更した。その点以外は、実施例1と同様にして、下層触媒層用スラリーを調製した。
容器に硝酸ロジウム水溶液を入れ、OSC材料粉末(CeO2−ZrO2複合酸化物(CeO2:15質量%、ZrO2:70質量%、その他15質量%含有、BET比表面積:55m2/g、細孔径:40nm、D50:6μm)、第三無機多孔質体粉末(4質量%のLa2O3で修飾されたAl2O3、BET比表面積:150m2/g、細孔径:9.8nm、D50:7μm)を入れて撹拌した。次いで、上述した粉末材料が十分に拡散した後にバインダーとしてアルミナゾル(D50:<0.2μm)を入れ、更に撹拌して、上層触媒層用スラリーを調製した。スラリーは、触媒層とした際にOSC材料60質量%、第三無機多孔質体31質量%、アルミナゾル由来のアルミナ8質量%、ロジウム1質量%の構成比率となるように調製されてなる。
セラミックス製ハニカム基材(セル数600cpi、壁厚3.5mil)に、実施例6の(1)で調製した下層触媒層用スラリーをコートし、150℃で1時間乾燥させた後、450℃で3時間焼成して、コート量が95g/Lの下層触媒層を形成した。次いで、下層触媒層上に、実施例6の(2)で調製した上層触媒層用スラリーをコートし、150℃で1時間乾燥させた後、450℃で3時間焼成して、コート量が50g/Lの上層触媒層を形成し、排ガス浄化触媒を作製した。
1)細孔径5nm以上15nm未満の細孔の細孔容積A(cm3/g)
2)全細孔容積に対するAの割合(%)
3)細孔径が5nm以上200nm以下の細孔の細孔容積に対する細孔径が5nm以上15nm未満の細孔の細孔容積Aの割合(%)
4)細孔径15nm以上25nm未満の細孔の細孔容積B(cm3/g)
5)全細孔容積に対するBの割合(%)
6)細孔径が5nm以上200nm以下の細孔の細孔容積に対する細孔径が15nm以上25nm未満の細孔の細孔容積Bの割合(%)
7)B/A比
8)細孔径15nm以上25nm未満の範囲における細孔径ピークトップの有無(ピークトップがある場合にはその測定値(nm)を示す)
測定装置としては、株式会社島津製作所製自動ポロシメータ「オートポアIV9520」を用いて、下記条件・手順で測定を行った。
(測定条件)
測定環境:25℃
測定セル:試料室体積 3cm3、圧入体積 0.39cm3
測定範囲:0.0035MPa から 254.925MPa まで
測定点:131点(隣り合う測定点の細孔径をD1、D2(D1>D2)としたとき、各細孔径の常用対数の差:logD1-logD2=0.037となるように測定圧力を決定した)
圧入体積:25%以上80%以下になるように調節した。
(低圧パラメーター)
排気圧力:50μmHg
排気時間:5.0min
水銀注入圧力:0.0034MPa
平衡時間:10sec
(高圧パラメーター)
平衡時間:10sec
(水銀パラメーター)
前進接触角:130.0degrees
後退接触角:130.0degrees
表面張力:485.0mN/m(485.0dyne/cm)
水銀密度:13.5335g/mL
(測定手順)
(1)実施例・比較例で得た排ガス浄化触媒において基材に2層の触媒層が形成された基材外壁部を除く部分を10mm×10mm×10mmで切り出してサンプルとし、測定を行った。
(2)低圧部で0.0035MPaから0.2058MPa以下の範囲で46点測定。
(3)高圧部で0.2241MPaから254.9250MPa以下の範囲で85点測定。
(4)水銀注入圧力及び水銀注入量から、細孔径分布を算出する。
なお、前記(2)、(3)、(4)は、装置付属のソフトウエアにて、自動で行った。その他の条件はJIS R 1655:2003に準じた。
(T50測定条件)
排ガス浄化触媒(触媒容積15ml)に、A/Fが14.6である下記組成モデルガスをA/Fが14.4〜14.8の範囲で変動するようにCO濃度とO2濃度を調整しつつ、25L/minで流通させた。排ガス浄化触媒に流入するガス温度を常温から所定昇温速度で漸次上昇させていき、触媒を通過した排ガスに含まれるHC、NOx、CO量を下記装置にて求め、X:触媒未設置のときの検出量、Y:触媒設置後の検出量としたときに、下記式にて浄化率を求めた。
浄化率(%)=(X−Y)/X×100
浄化率が50%に達したときの触媒の入口ガス温度をライトオフ温度T50として求めた。T50は、昇温時について測定した。
・モデルガス(組成は体積基準):CO:0.5%、C3H6:1200ppmC、NO:500ppm、O2:0.50%、CO2:14%、H2O:10%、H2:0.17%、N2:残部
・昇温速度:20℃/分
・HC、NOx、CO量の測定:評価装置として堀場製作所社製MOTOR EXHAUST GAS ANALYZER MEXA7100を用いて行った。
Claims (10)
- 酸素貯蔵成分及び無機多孔質体を含む排ガス浄化触媒用多孔質構造体であって、
水銀圧入ポロシメータにより測定される細孔容積分布において、細孔径が5nm以上15nm未満の細孔容積に対する15nm以上25nm未満の細孔容積の比が1.3以上2.5以下である、排ガス浄化触媒用多孔質構造体。 - 前記細孔容積分布において、細孔径が15nm以上25nm未満の範囲内に少なくとも1つのピークトップを有する、請求項1に記載の排ガス浄化触媒用多孔質構造体。
- 触媒活性成分を含む、請求項1又は2に記載の排ガス浄化触媒用多孔質構造体。
- 基材と、該基材表面に形成された触媒層とを有する排ガス浄化触媒であって、
前記触媒層が酸素貯蔵成分及び無機多孔質体を含んでおり、
前記排ガス浄化触媒は、水銀圧入ポロシメータにより測定される細孔容積分布において、細孔径が5nm以上15nm未満の細孔容積に対する15nm以上25nm未満の細孔容積の比が1.3以上2.5以下である、排ガス浄化触媒。 - 前記細孔容積分布において、細孔径が15nm以上25nm未満の範囲内に少なくとも1つのピークトップを有する、請求項4に記載の排ガス浄化触媒。
- 前記細孔容積分布において、全細孔容積に対する細孔径が5nm以上15nm未満の細孔容積の割合が5%以上35%以下であり、全細孔容積に対する細孔径が15nm以上25nm未満の細孔容積の割合が10%以上50%以下である、請求項4又は5に記載の排ガス浄化触媒。
- 前記細孔容積分布において、細孔径が5nm以上200nm以下の細孔の細孔容積に対する細孔径が5nm以上15nm未満の細孔の細孔容積の割合が15%以上40%以下であり、細孔径が5nm以上200nm以下の細孔の細孔容積に対する細孔径が15nm以上25nm未満の細孔の細孔容積の割合が20%以上60%以下である、請求項4〜6のいずれかに1項に記載の排ガス浄化触媒。
- 前記酸素貯蔵成分の含有量は前記無機多孔質体の含有量よりも多い、請求項4〜7のいずれかに1項に記載の排ガス浄化触媒
- 前記触媒層中に触媒活性成分を含む、請求項4〜8のいずれか1項に記載の排ガス浄化触媒。
- 請求項4〜9のいずれか1項に記載の排ガス浄化触媒に内燃機関から排出された排ガスを接触せしめて排ガスを浄化する排ガス浄化方法。
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