JPWO2019106895A1 - 高強度亜鉛めっき鋼板およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
高強度亜鉛めっき鋼板およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JPWO2019106895A1 JPWO2019106895A1 JP2018560920A JP2018560920A JPWO2019106895A1 JP WO2019106895 A1 JPWO2019106895 A1 JP WO2019106895A1 JP 2018560920 A JP2018560920 A JP 2018560920A JP 2018560920 A JP2018560920 A JP 2018560920A JP WO2019106895 A1 JPWO2019106895 A1 JP WO2019106895A1
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Abstract
Description
[6]さらに、前記焼鈍工程の前に冷延素材を、Ac1点〜Ac3点+50℃の温度域まで加熱し、酸洗する前処理工程を備える[5]に記載の高強度亜鉛めっき鋼板の製造方法。
本発明の高強度亜鉛めっき鋼板は、鋼板と、該鋼板の表面に形成された亜鉛めっき層とを備える。以下では、鋼板、亜鉛めっき層の順で説明する。
Cは鋼板の高強度化に有効な元素であり、鋼組織の硬質相の一つであるマルテンサイトを形成することで高強度化に寄与する。これらの効果を得るためには、C含有量は0.10%以上とすることが必要である。好ましくは0.11%以上、より好ましくは0.12%以上である。一方、C含有量が0.30%を超えると、本発明ではスポット溶接性が顕著に劣化すると同時に、マルテンサイトの強度増加により鋼板が硬質化し、延性などの成形性が低下する傾向にある。したがってC含有量は0.30%以下とする。特性改善の観点から、好ましくは0.28%以下、より好ましくは0.25%以下とする。
Siは主に固溶強化により高強度化に寄与する元素であり、強度上昇に対して延性の低下が比較的少なく強度のみならず強度と延性のバランス向上にも寄与する。一方でSiは鋼板表面にSi系酸化物を形成しやすく、不めっきの原因となる場合があると共に、焼鈍時にオーステナイトを安定化させ、最終製品に残留オーステナイトを形成させやすくする。したがって、強度確保に必要な分だけ添加すればよく、その観点からはSi含有量は0.01%以上が望ましい。より好ましくは0.02%以上である。さらに好ましくは0.05%以上である。めっき性や残留オーステナイト生成の観点からその上限を1.2%未満とする。好ましくは1.0%以下である。より好ましくは0.9%以下である。
Mnは固溶強化およびマルテンサイト形成により高強度化に寄与する元素として有効である。この効果を得るためにMn含有量は2.0%以上にする必要がある。好ましくは2.1%以上、より好ましくは2.2%以上である。一方、Mn含有量が3.5%を超えるとスポット溶接部割れを招くと共に、Mnの偏析などに起因して鋼組織にムラを生じやすくなり、加工性の低下を招く。また、Mn含有量が3.5%を超えると、Mnは鋼板表面に酸化物あるいは複合酸化物として濃化しやすく、不めっきの原因となる場合がある。そこで、Mn含有量を3.5%以下とする。好ましくは3.3%以下、より好ましくは3.0%以下である。
Pは、固溶強化により鋼板の高強度化に寄与する有効な元素である。その含有量が0.010%を超えると溶接性や、伸びフランジ性などの加工性が低下する。そこで、P含有量は0.010%以下とする。好ましくは0.008%以下、より好ましくは0.007%以下である。下限は特に規定しないが0.001%未満では製造過程において生産能率低下と脱燐コスト増を招くため、好ましくは0.001%以上とする。
Sは熱間脆性を起こす原因となったり、溶接性の低下をもたらしたり、鋼中に硫化物系介在物として存在して鋼板の加工性を低下させる有害な元素である。このため、S含有量は極力低減することが好ましい。そこで、S含有量は0.002%以下とする。下限は特に規定しないが0.0001%未満では現状の製造過程において生産能率低下とコスト増を招くため、0.0001%以上とすることが好ましい。
Alは脱酸材として添加される。その効果を得る観点から好ましい含有量は0.01%以上である。より好ましくは0.02%以上である。一方Al含有量が1%を超えると原料コストの上昇を招くほか、鋼板の表面欠陥を誘発する原因にもなるため1%を上限とする。好ましくは0.4%以下、より好ましくは0.1%以下である。
N含有量が0.006%を超えると鋼中に過剰な窒化物が生成して延性や靭性を低下させるほか、鋼板の表面性状の悪化を招くことがある。このためN含有量は0.006%以下、好ましくは0.005%以下、より好ましくは0.004%以下とする。フェライトの清浄化による延性向上の観点からは含有量は極力少ない方が好ましいが、製造過程における生産能率低下とコスト増を招くため好ましい下限は0.0001%以上とする。より好ましくは0.0010%以上、さらに好ましくは0.0015%以上である。
フェライトの存在は、高い引張強さおよび降伏強さを得る観点から好ましくないが、本発明の降伏強さを得るためには面積率で20%未満まで許容される。好ましくは15%以下、より好ましくは10%以下である。下限は特に限定されないが、1%以上が好ましく、より好ましくは2%以上、さらに好ましくは3%以上である。なお、ここで比較的高温で生成した炭化物を含まないベイナイトは後述の実施例に記載の走査電子顕微鏡での観察ではフェライトとの区別はせず、フェライトとみなす。
焼入れままのマルテンサイト、焼戻しマルテンサイトおよびベイナイトは硬質相であり、高い引張強さと降伏強さを得るため、これら硬質相の面積率が本発明において重要である。マルテンサイトは特に硬質であり、鋼板強度を高めるために有効である。焼戻しマルテンサイトとベイナイト(上記の通り、炭化物を含まないベイナイトはフェライトとみなされるため、ここで言うベイナイトは炭化物を含むベイナイトを意味する)は、特に高い降伏強さを得るために重要な組織である。以上より、これら硬質相の合計を面積率で70%以上とする。好ましくは80%以上、より好ましくは85%以上、さらに好ましくは90%以上である。上限について好ましくは、100%以下、好ましくは99%以下、さらに好ましくは98%以下である。
オーステナイト(fcc相)はフェライト(bcc相)に比べ、水素吸蔵能が高い。そのため、この残留オーステナイトが、加工など応力誘起によりマルテンサイトに変態した場合、鋼中の拡散性水素を増加させる懸念がある。そのため5%未満にする。より好ましくは4%以下、さらに好ましくは3%以下である。下限は特に限定しないが好ましくは0%以上、より好ましくは1%以上である。
本発明の高強度亜鉛めっき鋼板の製造方法は、焼鈍工程と、めっき工程と、後熱処理工程とを有する。
高い降伏強さを得るため、また、鋼中の拡散性水素量を低減させるため、後熱処理工程を行う。水素濃度H:10vol.%以下かつ露点Dp:50℃以下の炉内雰囲気にすることで、鋼中の拡散性水素量の増加を抑えることができる。水素濃度Hは少ない方が好ましく5vol.%以下が好ましく、より好ましくは2vol.%以下である。水素濃度Hの下限は特に限定されず、上記の通り少ない方が好ましいが、水素濃度を過度に低下させるのは困難であることから、好ましい下限は1vol%以上である。また、上記効果を得るために、好ましい露点Dpは45℃以下、より好ましくは40℃以下である。露点Dpの下限は特に限定されないが、製造コストの観点からは−80℃以上が好ましい。
「Ac1点〜Ac3点+50℃の温度域に加熱」は、鋼組織の形成による高い降伏強さとめっき性を最終製品で担保するための条件である。引続く焼鈍工程の前に、フェライトとマルテンサイトを含む組織を得ておくことが材質上好ましい。さらに、めっき性の観点からもこの加熱により鋼板表層部にMnなどの酸化物を濃化させることが望ましい。その観点で、Ac1点〜Ac3点+50℃の温度域に加熱する。ここで、上述のAc1やAc3については以下の式で得られる値を用いた。
Ac1=751−27C+18Si−12Mn−23Cu−23Ni+24Cr+23Mo−40V−6Ti+32Zr+233Nb−169Al−895B
Ac3=910−203(C)1/2+44.7Si−30Mn−11P+700S+400Al+400Tiとする。
なお、上記式における元素記号は各元素の含有量を意味し、含有しない成分は0とする。
115−18.3×ln(t)≦T (2)
(2)式から明らかなように、(1)式の場合と比較して、温度条件が同じであれば短時間化でき、滞留時間の条件が同じであれば低温化することができる。
鋼中の水素量を以下の方法で測定した。先ず、後熱処理まで施した合金化亜鉛めっき鋼板から、5×30mm程度の試験片を切り出した。次いで、ルータを使って試験片表面のめっきを除去して石英管中に入れた。次いで、石英管中をArで置換した後、200℃/hrで昇温し、400℃までに発生した水素をガスクロマトグラフにより測定した。このように、昇温分析法にて放出水素量を測定した。室温(25℃)から210℃未満の温度域で検出された水素量の累積値を拡散性水素量とした。
耐水素脆性の評価として、鋼板の抵抗スポット溶接部のナゲット割れを評価した。評価方法は、30×100mmの板の両端に板厚2mmの板をスペーサとして挟み、スペーサ間の中央をスポット溶接にて接合して試験片を作製した。この際、スポット溶接は、インバータ直流抵抗スポット溶接機を用い、電極はクロム銅製の先端径6mmのドーム型を用いた。加圧力は380kgf、通電時間は16サイクル/50Hz、保持時間は5サイクル/50Hzとした。溶接電流値を変化させて種々のナゲット径のサンプルを作製した。
亜鉛めっき鋼板から組織観察用試験片を採取し、L断面(圧延方向に平行な板厚断面)を研磨後、ナイタール液で腐食しSEMで表面から1/4t(tは全厚)近傍の位置を1500倍の倍率で3視野以上を観察して撮影した画像を解析した(観察視野ごとに面積率を測定し、平均値を算出した)。ただし、残留オーステナイトの体積率(体積率を面積率とみなす)についてはX線回折強度により定量した。表4のFはフェライト、Mは焼入れままマルテンサイト、M’は焼戻しマルテンサイト、Bはベイナイト、残留γは残留オーステナイトを意味する。
亜鉛めっき鋼板から圧延方向に対して直角方向にJIS5号引張試験片(JISZ2201)を採取し、引張速度(クロスヘッドスピード)10mm/min一定で引張試験を行った。降伏強さ(YS)は、応力150−350MPa弾性域の傾きから0.2%耐力を読み取った値とし、引張強さは引張試験における最大荷重を初期の試験片平行部断面積で除した値とした。平行部の断面積算出における板厚はめっき厚込みの板厚値を用いた。
めっき後,後熱処理したのちの外観を目視観察し、不めっき欠陥が全くないものを「○」、不めっき欠陥が発生したものを「×」、不めっき欠陥はないがめっき外観ムラなどが生じたものは「△」とした。なお、不めっき欠陥とは数μm〜数mm程度のオーダーで、めっきが存在せず鋼板が露出している領域を意味する。
鋼中の拡散性水素量の測定は、実施例1と同様の方法で行った。
亜鉛めっき層中のMn酸化物量の測定は、亜鉛めっき層中のMn酸化物量については、めっき層を、インヒビターを添加した希塩酸で溶解し、ICP発光分光分析法を使用して測定した。
耐水素脆性の評価として、鋼板の抵抗スポット溶接部の水素脆性を評価した。評価方法は、実施例1と同様である。溶接電流値は、それぞれの鋼板強度に応じたナゲット径を形成する条件とした。1100〜1250MPaでは、3.8mm、1250〜1400MPaでは4.8mm、1400MPa以上では6mmのナゲット径とした。実施例1同様、両端のスペーサ間隔は40mmとし、鋼板とスペーサは、予め溶接により固縛した。溶接後24時間放置したのち、スペーサ部を切り落として、溶接ナゲットの断面観察をおこない、割れ(亀裂)の有無の評価をおこなった。表中、亀裂なしを「○」、亀裂ありを「×」であらわした。
Claims (9)
- 鋼組成が質量%で、
C:0.10%以上0.30%以下、
Si:1.2%未満、
Mn:2.0%以上3.5%以下、
P:0.010%以下、
S:0.002%以下、
Al:1%以下、
N:0.006%以下を含有し、残部がFeおよび不可避的不純物からなる成分組成と、
面積率で、マルテンサイトおよびベイナイトを70%以上(100%を含む)、フェライトを20%未満(0%を含む)、残留オーステナイトを5%未満(0%を含む)含む鋼組織と、を有し、
鋼中の拡散性水素量が0.20質量ppm以下の鋼板と、
該鋼板の表面に、Fe含有量が質量%で8〜15%であり、片面あたりのめっき付着量が20〜120g/m2である亜鉛めっき層と、を備え、
前記亜鉛めっき層に含まれるMn酸化物量が0.050g/m2以下であり、
引張強さが1100MPa以上、降伏比が0.85以上である高強度亜鉛めっき鋼板。 - 前記成分組成は、さらに、質量%で、
Ti、Nb、V、Zrのうち1種以上を合計で0.005〜0.1%、
Mo、Cr、Cu、Niのうち1種以上を合計で0.005〜0.5%および
B:0.0003〜0.005%から選ばれる少なくとも1つを含有する請求項1に記載の高強度亜鉛めっき鋼板。 - 前記成分組成は、さらに、質量%で、
Sb:0.001〜0.1%およびSn:0.001〜0.1%から選ばれる1種又は2種を含有する請求項1または2に記載の高強度亜鉛めっき鋼板。 - 前記成分組成は、さらに、質量%で、
Ca:0.0010%以下を含有する請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の高強度亜鉛めっき鋼板。 - 請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の成分組成を有する冷延素材を、水素濃度H:1vol.%以上13vol.%以下の焼鈍炉内雰囲気で、焼鈍炉内温度T:Ac3点−20℃〜900℃の温度域に5秒以上滞留させた後、冷却し、400〜550℃の温度域に10秒以上滞留させる焼鈍工程と、
前記焼鈍工程後の鋼板を、めっき処理し、合金化処理し、平均冷却速度3℃/s以上で、100℃以下まで冷却するめっき工程と、
前記めっき工程後のめっき鋼板を、水素濃度H:10vol.%以下かつ露点Dp:50℃以下の炉内雰囲気で、200℃以上350℃以下の温度T(℃)に、0.005(hr)以上で(1)式を満たす時間t(hr)以上滞留させる後熱処理工程と、を備える高強度亜鉛めっき鋼板の製造方法。
130−18.3×ln(t)≦T (1) - さらに、前記焼鈍工程の前に冷延素材を、Ac1点〜Ac3点+50℃の温度域まで加熱し、酸洗する前処理工程を備える請求項5に記載の高強度亜鉛めっき鋼板の製造方法。
- 前記めっき工程後、0.1%以上の伸長率で調質圧延を施す請求項5または6に記載の高強度亜鉛めっき鋼板の製造方法。
- 前記後熱処理工程後に、幅トリムをする請求項7に記載の高強度亜鉛めっき鋼板の製造方法。
- 前記後熱処理工程前に、幅トリムを行い、
前記後熱処理工程における、200℃以上350℃以下の温度T(℃)で滞留する滞留時間t(hr)が、0.005(hr)以上かつ(2)式を満たす請求項7に記載の高強度亜鉛めっき鋼板の製造方法。
115−18.3×ln(t)≦ T (2)
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