JPWO2017212597A1 - 非水電解質二次電池 - Google Patents
非水電解質二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JPWO2017212597A1 JPWO2017212597A1 JP2018522244A JP2018522244A JPWO2017212597A1 JP WO2017212597 A1 JPWO2017212597 A1 JP WO2017212597A1 JP 2018522244 A JP2018522244 A JP 2018522244A JP 2018522244 A JP2018522244 A JP 2018522244A JP WO2017212597 A1 JPWO2017212597 A1 JP WO2017212597A1
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- separator
- secondary battery
- active material
- positive electrode
- electrode active
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Classifications
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Abstract
Description
図1は、本発明の電池の一実施形態である積層型電池の概要を模式的に表した断面概略図である。なお、本明細書においては、図1に示す扁平型(積層型)の双極型でないリチウムイオン二次電池を例に挙げて詳細に説明するが、本発明の技術的範囲はかような形態のみに制限されない。
図1は、扁平型(積層型)の双極型ではない非水電解質リチウムイオン二次電池(以下、単に「積層型電池」ともいう)の基本構成を模式的に表した断面概略図である。図1に示すように、本実施形態の積層型電池10は、実際に充放電反応が進行する略矩形の発電要素21が、外装体である電池外装材29の内部に封止された構造を有する。ここで、発電要素21は、正極と、セパレータ17と、負極とを積層した構成を有している。なお、セパレータ17は、ポリプロピレン(PP)製多孔質フィルム/ポリエチレン(PE)製多孔質フィルム/ポリプロピレン(PP)製多孔質フィルムの構成を有する3層積層樹脂フィルム(図示せず)と、アルミナ等の無機粒子が樹脂からなるバインダー中に分散してなるセラミック層(耐熱絶縁層)(図示せず)との積層体からなっており、非水電解質(例えば、液体電解質)を内蔵している。正極は、正極集電体12の両面に正極活物質層15が配置された構造を有する。負極は、負極集電体11の両面に負極活物質層13が配置された構造を有する。具体的には、1つの正極活物質層15とこれに隣接する負極活物質層13とが、セパレータ17を介して対向するようにして、負極、電解質層および正極がこの順に積層されている。これにより、隣接する正極、電解質層および負極は、1つの単電池層19を構成する。したがって、図1に示す積層型電池10は、単電池層19が複数積層されることで、電気的に並列接続されてなる構成を有するとも言える。
正極は、正極集電体と、前記正極集電体の表面に形成された正極活物質を含む正極活物質層とを有するものである。
正極集電体を構成する材料に特に制限はないが、好適には金属が用いられる。具体的には、金属としては、アルミニウム、ニッケル、鉄、ステンレス、チタン、銅、その他合金等などが挙げられる。これらのほか、ニッケルとアルミニウムとのクラッド材、銅とアルミニウムとのクラッド材、またはこれらの金属の組み合わせのめっき材などが好ましく用いられうる。また、金属表面にアルミニウムが被覆されてなる箔であってもよい。なかでも、電子伝導性や電池作動電位の観点からは、アルミニウム、ステンレス、銅が好ましい。
正極活物質層15は、正極活物質を含み、必要に応じて、導電助剤、バインダー、さらには電解質として電解質塩(リチウム塩)やイオン伝導性ポリマーなどのその他の添加剤をさらに含む。
正極活物質としては、例えば、LiMn2O4、LiCoO2、LiNiO2、Li(Ni−Mn−Co)O2およびこれらの遷移金属の一部が他の元素により置換されたもの等のリチウム−遷移金属複合酸化物、リチウム−遷移金属リン酸化合物、リチウム−遷移金属硫酸化合物などが挙げられる。場合によっては、2種以上の正極活物質が併用されてもよい。好ましくは、容量、出力特性の観点から、リチウム−遷移金属複合酸化物が、正極活物質として用いられる。場合によっては、2種以上の正極活物質が併用されてもよい。
正極活物質層に用いられるバインダーとしては、特に限定されないが、例えば、以下の材料が挙げられる。ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)、ポリエーテルニトリル、ポリアクリロニトリル、ポリイミド、ポリアミド、セルロース、カルボキシメチルセルロース(CMC)およびその塩、エチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体、ポリ塩化ビニル、スチレン・ブタジエンゴム(SBR)、イソプレンゴム、ブタジエンゴム、エチレン・プロピレンゴム、エチレン・プロピレン・ジエン共重合体、スチレン・ブタジエン・スチレンブロック共重合体およびその水素添加物、スチレン・イソプレン・スチレンブロック共重合体およびその水素添加物などの熱可塑性高分子、ポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVdF)、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン(PTFE)、テトラフルオロエチレン・ヘキサフルオロプロピレン共重合体(FEP)、テトラフルオロエチレン・パーフルオロアルキルビニルエーテル共重合体(PFA)、エチレン・テトラフルオロエチレン共重合体(ETFE)、ポリクロロトリフルオロエチレン(PCTFE)、エチレン・クロロトリフルオロエチレン共重合体(ECTFE)、ポリフッ化ビニル(PVF)等のフッ素樹脂、ビニリデンフルオライド−ヘキサフルオロプロピレン系フッ素ゴム(VDF−HFP系フッ素ゴム)、ビニリデンフルオライド−ヘキサフルオロプロピレン−テトラフルオロエチレン系フッ素ゴム(VDF−HFP−TFE系フッ素ゴム)、ビニリデンフルオライド−ペンタフルオロプロピレン系フッ素ゴム(VDF−PFP系フッ素ゴム)、ビニリデンフルオライド−ペンタフルオロプロピレン−テトラフルオロエチレン系フッ素ゴム(VDF−PFP−TFE系フッ素ゴム)、ビニリデンフルオライド−パーフルオロメチルビニルエーテル−テトラフルオロエチレン系フッ素ゴム(VDF−PFMVE−TFE系フッ素ゴム)、ビニリデンフルオライド−クロロトリフルオロエチレン系フッ素ゴム(VDF−CTFE系フッ素ゴム)等のビニリデンフルオライド系フッ素ゴム、エポキシ樹脂等が挙げられる。これらのバインダーは、単独で用いてもよいし、2種以上を併用してもよい。
負極は、負極集電体と、負極集電体の表面に形成された負極活物質層とを有するものである。
負極活物質層は負極活物質を含み、必要に応じて、導電助剤、バインダー、電解質(ポリマーマトリックス、イオン伝導性ポリマー、電解液など)、イオン伝導性を高めるためのリチウム塩などのその他の添加剤をさらに含む。導電助剤、バインダー、電解質(ポリマーマトリックス、イオン伝導性ポリマー、電解液など)、イオン伝導性を高めるためのリチウム塩などのその他の添加剤については、上記正極活物質層の欄で述べたものと同様である。
セパレータは、電解質を保持して正極と負極との間のリチウムイオン伝導性を確保する機能、および正極と負極との間の隔壁としての機能を有する。
本形態に係る非水電解質二次電池において、セパレータは樹脂フィルムを含む。セパレータを構成する樹脂フィルムとしては、多孔質樹脂フィルムが好ましい。多孔質樹脂フィルムの具体的な形態としては、例えば、ポリエチレン(PE)、ポリプロピレン(PP)などのポリオレフィン;これらを複数積層した積層体(例えば、PP/PE/PPの3層構造をした積層体など)、ポリイミド、アラミド、ポリフッ化ビニリデン−ヘキサフルオロプロピレン(PVdF−HFP)等の炭化水素系樹脂などからなる多孔質樹脂フィルムが例示されるが、これらに限定されるわけではない。なかでも、ポリオレフィンフィルムやその積層体が好ましく、ポリプロピレン(PP)および/またはポリエチレン(PE)やその積層体がより好ましく、PP/PE/PPの3層構造をした積層体が特に好ましい。なお、樹脂フィルムは、繊維状の樹脂から構成される不織布状のフィルムであってもよい。
(1)常温での引張降伏強度が14MPa以下である;
(2)常温での引張破断伸度が100%以上である;および、
(3)150℃1時間加熱時の熱収縮率が10%以下である。
液体電解質は、リチウムイオンのキャリヤーとしての機能を有する。電解液層を構成する液体電解質は、可塑剤である有機溶媒に支持塩であるリチウム塩が溶解した形態を有する。用いられる有機溶媒としては、例えば、エチレンカーボネート(EC)、プロピレンカーボネート(PC)、ジメチルカーボネート(DMC)、ジエチルカーボネート(DEC)、エチルメチルカーボネート(EMC)等のカーボネート類が例示される。また、リチウム塩としては、Li(CF3SO2)2N、Li(C2F5SO2)2N、LiPF6、LiBF4、LiClO4、LiAsF6、LiTaF6、LiCF3SO3等の電極の活物質層に添加されうる化合物が同様に採用されうる。液体電解質は、上述した成分以外の添加剤をさらに含んでもよい。かような化合物の具体例としては、例えば、ビニレンカーボネート、メチルビニレンカーボネート、ジメチルビニレンカーボネート、フェニルビニレンカーボネート、ジフェニルビニレンカーボネート、エチルビニレンカーボネート、ジエチルビニレンカーボネート、ビニルエチレンカーボネート、1,2−ジビニルエチレンカーボネート、1−メチル−1−ビニルエチレンカーボネート、1−メチル−2−ビニルエチレンカーボネート、1−エチル−1−ビニルエチレンカーボネート、1−エチル−2−ビニルエチレンカーボネート、ビニルビニレンカーボネート、アリルエチレンカーボネート、ビニルオキシメチルエチレンカーボネート、アリルオキシメチルエチレンカーボネート、アクリルオキシメチルエチレンカーボネート、メタクリルオキシメチルエチレンカーボネート、エチニルエチレンカーボネート、プロパルギルエチレンカーボネート、エチニルオキシメチルエチレンカーボネート、プロパルギルオキシエチレンカーボネート、メチレンエチレンカーボネート、1,1−ジメチル−2−メチレンエチレンカーボネートなどが挙げられる。なかでも、ビニレンカーボネート、メチルビニレンカーボネート、ビニルエチレンカーボネートが好ましく、ビニレンカーボネート、ビニルエチレンカーボネートがより好ましい。これらの環式炭酸エステルは、1種のみが単独で用いられてもよいし、2種以上が併用されてもよい。
集電板(25、27)を構成する材料は、特に制限されず、リチウムイオン二次電池用の集電板として従来用いられている公知の高導電性材料が用いられうる。集電板の構成材料としては、例えば、アルミニウム、銅、チタン、ニッケル、ステンレス鋼(SUS)、これらの合金等の金属材料が好ましい。軽量、耐食性、高導電性の観点から、より好ましくはアルミニウム、銅であり、特に好ましくはアルミニウムである。なお、正極集電板27と負極集電板25とでは、同一の材料が用いられてもよいし、異なる材料が用いられてもよい。
また、図示は省略するが、集電体11と集電板(25、27)との間を正極リードや負極リードを介して電気的に接続してもよい。正極および負極リードの構成材料としては、公知のリチウムイオン二次電池において用いられる材料が同様に採用されうる。なお、外装から取り出された部分は、周辺機器や配線などに接触して漏電したりして製品(例えば、自動車部品、特に電子機器等)に影響を与えないように、耐熱絶縁性の熱収縮チューブなどにより被覆することが好ましい。
電池外装体29としては、公知の金属缶ケースを用いることができるほか、発電要素を覆うことができる、アルミニウムを含むラミネートフィルムを用いた袋状のケースが用いられうる。該ラミネートフィルムには、例えば、PP、アルミニウム、ナイロンをこの順に積層してなる3層構造のラミネートフィルム等を用いることができるが、これらに何ら制限されるものではない。高出力化や冷却性能に優れ、EV、HEV用の大型機器用電池に好適に利用することができるという観点から、ラミネートフィルムが望ましく、アルミネートラミネートがより好ましい。
図3は、二次電池の代表的な実施形態である扁平なリチウムイオン二次電池の外観を表した斜視図である。このリチウムイオン二次電池のように、本発明における好ましい実施形態によれば、アルミニウムを含むラミネートフィルムからなる電池外装体に前記発電要素が封入されてなる扁平積層型ラミネート電池が提供される。このように扁平積層型ラミネートとすることで、大容量化を図ることができる。
一般的な電気自動車では、電池格納スペースが170L程度である。このスペースにセルおよび充放電制御機器等の補機を格納するため、通常セルの格納スペース効率は50%程度となる。この空間へのセルの積載効率が電気自動車の航続距離を支配する因子となる。単セルのサイズが小さくなると上記積載効率が損なわれるため、航続距離を確保できなくなる。
さらに、本形態に係る非水電解質二次電池において、セパレータの空孔体積に対する定格容量の比は1.55Ah/cc以上であることが好ましく、1.9Ah/cc以上であることが好ましい。セパレータの空孔体積に対する定格容量の比の値は、セパレータにおけるリチウムイオンの拡散性を示す指標である。ここで、セパレータの密度(見かけ密度;嵩密度)の単位(g/cc)では、セパレータの構成材料自体の密度(真密度)が考慮される必要がある。例えば、セパレータの実質部分を構成する材料の密度(真密度)が小さいと、同じ体積中に同程度の空孔が存在しても、当該密度(真密度)が大きい場合と比較して、セパレータの密度(見かけ密度;嵩密度)が小さくなるため、単位体積あたりにどの程度のセパレータ材料が充填されているかという指標としては十分ではない。このため、ここでは、セパレータの空孔体積に対する定格容量の比を規定することで、セパレータにおけるリチウムイオンの拡散性の指標としている。また、電池を高容量化する(定格容量を大きくする)ことで、セパレータ内のリチウムイオンが増大するが、その一方で、セパレータ内の空孔体積が小さくなると、リチウムイオンの拡散性が低下する。したがって、セパレータの空孔体積に対する定格容量の比は、セパレータにおけるリチウムイオンの拡散性の指標となる。
本形態に係る非水電解質二次電池の好ましい実施形態においては、セパレータの空孔体積に対する定格容量の比が1.9Ah/cc以上であり、かつ、定格容量に対する電池面積の比が10cm2/Ah以上である場合に、セパレータにおける空孔率のばらつきが2%以下であることが好ましい。なお、セパレータにおける空孔率のばらつきは、小さければ小さいほど好ましい。しかしながら、ばらつきを小さくしようとすると電池の生産効率が低下する。このため、生産性(歩留り)および効果の飽和を鑑みると、セパレータにおける空孔率のばらつきは、1.5%以上であることが好ましい。なお、セパレータにおける空孔率のばらつきは、下記記載の方法により測定された値を採用する。
組電池は、電池を複数個接続して構成した物である。詳しくは少なくとも2つ以上用いて、直列化あるいは並列化あるいはその両方で構成されるものである。直列、並列化することで容量および電圧を自由に調節することが可能になる。
本実施形態の非水電解質二次電池は、長期使用しても放電容量が維持され、サイクル特性が良好である。さらに、体積エネルギー密度が高い。電気自動車やハイブリッド電気自動車や燃料電池車やハイブリッド燃料電池自動車などの車両用途においては、電気・携帯電子機器用途と比較して、高容量、大型化が求められるとともに、長寿命化が必要となる。したがって、上記非水電解質二次電池は、車両用の電源として、例えば、車両駆動用電源や補助電源に好適に利用することができる。
以下の実施例・比較例で用いた各セパレータの引張降伏強度および引張破断伸度については、以下の手法により測定した。
以下の実施例・比較例で用いた各セパレータの熱収縮率については、以下の手法により測定した。
(セパレータのガーレー値の測定方法)
以下の実施例・比較例で用いた各セパレータのガーレー値については、以下の手法により測定した。
以下の実施例・比較例で作製した電池の体積エネルギー密度については、以下の手法により測定した。
以下の実施例・比較例で作製した電池のいくつかについては、以下の手法により容量維持率を測定して、そのサイクル耐久性を評価した。
以下の実施例・比較例で作製した電池について、先端が尖った直径3mmの鉄棒を用い、セル電圧を4.2Vに制御した電池を貫通させた際の電圧降下量を測定し、セパレータの絶縁性および電池の内部短絡の発生の指標とした。具体的には、一定速度(80mm/秒)でセルを貫通させた後5秒後の電圧を測定し、初期電圧との差分を算出することで各セパレータの絶縁性および内部短絡の発生を比較した。
1.電解液の作製
エチレンカーボネート(EC)およびジエチルカーボネート(DEC)の混合溶媒(50:50(体積比))を溶媒とした。また1.0MのLiPF6をリチウム塩とした。さらに上記溶媒と上記リチウム塩との合計100質量%に対して、1.0質量%の1,3−プロパンスルトン、1.0質量%のビニレンカーボネートおよび1.0質量%のフルオロエチレンカーボネートを添加して電解液を作製した。なお、「1.0MのLiPF6」とは、当該混合溶媒およびリチウム塩の混合物におけるリチウム塩(LiPF6)濃度が1.0Mであるという意味である。
正極活物質としてNMC複合酸化物(LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2、平均粒子径:15μm)63質量%、スピネル系リチウムマンガン複合酸化物(LiMn2O4)27質量%、導電助剤としてカーボン粉末5質量%、およびバインダーとしてPVdF 5質量%からなる固形分を用意した。この固形分に対し、スラリー粘度調整溶媒であるN−メチル−2−ピロリドン(NMP)を適量添加して、正極活物質スラリーを調製した。次に、正極活物質スラリーを、集電体であるアルミニウム箔(厚み20μm)の両面にダイコーターにより塗布し、乾燥・プレスを行って、正極活物質層の片面塗工厚さ65μmの正極を作製した。
3.負極の作製
負極活物質として天然黒鉛(平均粒子径:18μm)95質量%PVdF 5質量%からなる固形分を用意した。この固形分に対し、スラリー粘度調整溶媒であるN−メチル−2−ピロリドン(NMP)を適量添加して、負極活物質スラリーを調製した。次に、負極活物質スラリーを、集電体である銅箔(10μm)の両面にダイコーターにより塗布し、乾燥・プレスを行って、片面塗工厚さ65μmの負極を作製した。
セパレータとして、ポリプロピレン製多孔質フィルム(6μm)/ポリエチレン製多孔質フィルム(6μm)/ポリプロピレン製多孔質フィルム(6μm)の3層積層多孔質樹脂フィルム(総厚18μm)の片面に厚さ4μmの耐熱絶縁層が配置されてなるものを作製した。なお、耐熱絶縁層は、95質量%のアルミナ粒子(平均粒子径:0.07μm)および5質量%のバインダーを含む固形分からなるセラミック層とした。このセパレータについての引張降伏強度、引張破断伸度および熱収縮率の測定値を下記の表1に示す。
正極活物質スラリーの固形分に占めるNMC複合酸化物およびスピネル系リチウムマンガン複合酸化物の混合割合をそれぞれ71質量%および19質量%とすることで電池の体積エネルギー密度を380Wh/Lとしたこと以外は、上述した実施例1と同様の手法により、リチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。
正極活物質としてNMC複合酸化物90質量%のみを用いることで電池の体積エネルギー密度を450Wh/Lとしたこと以外は、上述した実施例1と同様の手法により、リチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。
正極活物質としてNMC複合酸化物(LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2;平均粒子径:15μm)90質量%のみを用いることで電池の体積エネルギー密度を550Wh/Lとしたこと以外は、上述した実施例1と同様の手法により、リチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。
正極活物質としてNMC複合酸化物(LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2;平均粒子径:15μm)90質量%のみを用い、負極活物質として天然黒鉛88質量%とSiO 7質量%とを併用することで電池の体積エネルギー密度を650Wh/Lとしたこと以外は、上述した実施例1と同様の手法により、リチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。
正極活物質としてNMC複合酸化物(LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2;平均粒子径:15μm)27質量%と上記スピネル系リチウムマンガン複合酸化物(LiMn2O4)63質量%とを併用することで電池の体積エネルギー密度を340Wh/Lとしたこと以外は、上述した実施例1と同様の手法により、リチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。
正極活物質としてNMC複合酸化物(LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2;平均粒子径:15μm)20質量%と上記スピネル系リチウムマンガン複合酸化物(LiMn2O4)70質量%とを併用することで電池の体積エネルギー密度を315Wh/Lとしたこと以外は、上述した実施例1と同様の手法により、リチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。
セパレータを構成する3層積層樹脂フィルムに代えて厚さ18μmのポリプロピレン製多孔質フィルムを用いたこと以外は、上述した実施例2と同様の手法により、リチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。
正極活物質に占めるNMC複合酸化物の混合割合を減少させることで電池の体積エネルギー密度を340Wh/Lとしたこと以外は、上述した比較例3と同様の手法により、リチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。
セパレータにおいて耐熱絶縁層を設けず、3層積層樹脂フィルム(総厚18μm)のみをセパレータとして用いたこと以外は、上述した実施例3と同様の手法により、リチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。
セパレータとして、降伏強度がより小さく、引張破断伸度および透気度がより大きい(ガーレー値は小さい)ものを用いたこと以外は、上述した実施例3と同様の手法により、リチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。
セパレータとして、降伏強度がより小さく、引張破断伸度がより大きいものを用いたこと以外は、上述した実施例3と同様の手法により、リチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。
セパレータとして、降伏強度および透気度がより小さく(ガーレー値は大きい)、引張破断伸度がより大きいものを用いたこと以外は、上述した実施例3と同様の手法により、リチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。
セパレータとして、透気度がより小さい(ガーレー値は大きい)ものを用いたこと以外は、上述した実施例3と同様の手法により、リチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。
セパレータとして、熱収縮率および透気度がより小さい(ガーレー値は大きい)ものを用いたこと以外は、上述した実施例9と同様の手法により、リチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。
セパレータを構成する3層積層樹脂フィルムに代えて厚さ18μmのポリエチレン製多孔質フィルムを用いたこと以外は、上述した実施例6と同様の手法により、リチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。
セパレータを構成する3層積層樹脂フィルムに代えて厚さ18μmのポリプロピレン製多孔質フィルムを用いたこと以外は、上述した実施例8と同様の手法により、リチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。
セパレータの3層積層樹脂フィルムを構成するポリプロピレン製多孔質フィルムおよびポリエチレン製多孔質フィルムの厚さをそれぞれ3μmとしたこと以外は、上述した実施例3と同様の手法により、リチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。
セパレータの3層積層樹脂フィルムを構成するポリプロピレン製多孔質フィルム(2層)およびポリエチレン製多孔質フィルムの厚さをそれぞれ9μmおよび10μmとしたこと以外は、上述した実施例3と同様の手法により、リチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。
11 負極集電体、
12 正極集電体、
13 負極活物質層、
15 正極活物質層、
17 セパレータ、
19 単電池層、
21、57 発電要素、
25 負極集電板、
27 正極集電板、
29、52 電池外装材、
58 正極タブ、
59 負極タブ。
[表4]
[0165]
Claims (9)
- 正極集電体の表面に正極活物質を含む正極活物質層が形成されてなる正極と、
負極集電体の表面に負極活物質を含む負極活物質層が形成されてなる負極と、
樹脂フィルムを含むセパレータと、
を含む発電要素を有し、
体積エネルギー密度が350Wh/L以上である、非水電解質二次電池であって、
常温での引張降伏強度が14MPa以下であり、常温での引張破断伸度が100%以上であり、かつ、150℃1時間加熱時の熱収縮率が10%以下となる方向が前記セパレータの面方向に少なくとも一つ存在する、非水電解質二次電池。 - 前記セパレータが、前記樹脂フィルムと耐熱絶縁層との積層構造を有する、請求項1に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記樹脂フィルムの構成成分がポリプロピレンおよび/またはポリエチレンである、請求項1または2に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記セパレータの通気性が、ガーレー値として300秒/100cc以下である、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記セパレータの厚さが8〜35μmである、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記樹脂フィルムが3層構造を有し、かつ、前記3層構造の中央層の厚さが3〜9μmである、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記セパレータの空孔体積に対する定格容量の比が1.9Ah/cc以上であり、定格容量に対する電池面積の比が10cm2/Ah以上であり、かつ、前記セパレータにおける空孔率のばらつきが2%以下である、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記正極活物質が一般式:LiaNibMcCodO2
(但し、式中、a、b、c、dは、0.9≦a≦1.2、0<b<1、0<c≦0.5、0<d≦0.5、b+c+d=1を満たす。Mは、Mn、Ti、Zr、Nb、W、P、Al、Mg、V、Ca、SrおよびCrからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種である)
で表される組成を有するリチウム複合酸化物である、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の非水電解質二次電池。 - アルミニウムを含むラミネートフィルムからなる電池外装体に前記発電要素が封入されてなる扁平積層型ラミネート電池である、請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
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