JPWO2017038779A1 - エアロゲル積層複合体及び断熱材 - Google Patents
エアロゲル積層複合体及び断熱材 Download PDFInfo
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- JPWO2017038779A1 JPWO2017038779A1 JP2017538026A JP2017538026A JPWO2017038779A1 JP WO2017038779 A1 JPWO2017038779 A1 JP WO2017038779A1 JP 2017538026 A JP2017538026 A JP 2017538026A JP 2017538026 A JP2017538026 A JP 2017538026A JP WO2017038779 A1 JPWO2017038779 A1 JP WO2017038779A1
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Abstract
Description
本明細書において、「〜」を用いて示された数値範囲は、「〜」の前後に記載される数値をそれぞれ最小値及び最大値として含む範囲を示す。本明細書に段階的に記載されている数値範囲において、ある段階の数値範囲の上限値又は下限値は、他の段階の数値範囲の上限値又は下限値に置き換えてもよい。本明細書に記載されている数値範囲において、その数値範囲の上限値又は下限値は、実施例に示されている値に置き換えてもよい。「A又はB」とは、A及びBのどちらか一方を含んでいればよく、両方とも含んでいてもよい。本明細書に例示する材料は、特に断らない限り、1種を単独で又は2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。本明細書において、組成物中の各成分の含有量は、組成物中に各成分に該当する物質が複数存在する場合、特に断らない限り、組成物中に存在する複数の物質の合計量を意味する。
本実施形態のエアロゲル積層複合体は、多孔性スペーサー層と、エアロゲル層と熱線反射機能又は熱線吸収機能を有する支持体とがこの順に積層された構造を備える。多孔性スペーサー層をエアロゲル層上に設けることにより、優れた断熱性を発現することができる。多孔性スペーサー層は、高真空下において断熱層として働くことができ、エアロゲル層に積層することで、ナノサイズの細孔を有するエアロゲル層の真空度を向上させる役割を果たすことができる。エアロゲル層は、可とう性に優れており、従来、取扱い性が困難であったエアロゲルのシート化が可能となり、支持体と一体化できるため、エアロゲル積層複合体を断熱材として用いた場合、断熱層を薄型化することができる。非エアロゲル層である熱線反射機能又は熱線吸収機能を有する支持体は、輻射体として働き、外部からの熱を遮断する役割を果たすことができる。また、エアロゲル積層複合体を複数重ねた場合、支持体と支持体との間に多孔性スペーサー層及び高断熱性のエアロゲル層が介在することになるため、支持体同士の接触による熱伝導を抑制することができる。
多孔性スペーサーは、多孔構造が多く含まれる材料の総称であり、本実施形態においては孔サイズによらず多孔性スペーサーと称する。本実施形態に係る多孔性スペーサー層は、非エアロゲル層であるが、多孔構造を有し、高真空下においては、断熱層として働くことができる層でもある。また、多孔性スペーサーをエアロゲル層上に積層することで、ナノサイズの細孔を有するエアロゲル層の真空度を向上させることができる。さらに、支持体と支持体との間に多孔性スペーサー層が介在することにより、支持体同士の接触による熱伝導を抑制することができる。多孔性スペーサー層の構成としては、特に限定されず、単層でも複層でも構わない。多孔性スペーサー層は、多孔構造を有する層で構成されていれば特に限定されない。多孔性スペーサー層は、同種の多孔性スペーサーから構成されていてもよく、異種の多孔性スペーサーから構成されていてもよい。すなわち、図1及び2に示す多孔性スペーサー層1は、1種の多孔性スペーサーからなる単層であっても、同種の多孔性スペーサーからなる複層であっても、2種以上の異種の多孔性スペーサーからなる複層であってもよい。多孔性スペーサー層の形状としては、エアロゲル積層複合体のハンドリング性を向上できることから、シート状とすることができる。
本実施形態に係るエアロゲル層は、エアロゲルにより構成される層である。狭義には、湿潤ゲルに対して超臨界乾燥法を用いて得られた乾燥ゲルをエアロゲル、大気圧下での乾燥により得られた乾燥ゲルをキセロゲル、凍結乾燥により得られた乾燥ゲルをクライオゲルと称するが、本実施形態においては、湿潤ゲルのこれらの乾燥手法によらず、得られた低密度の乾燥ゲルをエアロゲルと称する。すなわち、本実施形態においてエアロゲルとは、広義のエアロゲルである「Gel comprised of a microporous solid in which the dispersed phase is a gas(分散相が気体である微多孔性固体から構成されるゲル)」を意味するものである。一般的にエアロゲルの内部は網目状の微細構造となっており、2〜20nm程度のエアロゲル粒子(エアロゲルを構成する粒子)が結合したクラスター構造を有している。このクラスターにより形成される骨格間には、100nmに満たない細孔がある。これにより、エアロゲルは、三次元的に微細な多孔性の構造をしている。なお、本実施形態におけるエアロゲルは、シリカを主成分とするシリカエアロゲルである。シリカエアロゲルとしては、例えば、有機基(メチル基等)又は有機鎖を導入した、いわゆる、有機−無機ハイブリッド化されたシリカエアロゲルが挙げられる。例えば、本実施形態におけるエアロゲル層は、エアロゲルにより構成される層である。エアロゲル層は、ポリシロキサン由来の構造を有するエアロゲルを含有する層であってもよい。
本実施形態に係るエアロゲルは、(分子内に)加水分解性の官能基又は縮合性の官能基を有するポリシロキサン化合物、及び、前記加水分解性の官能基を有するポリシロキサン化合物の加水分解生成物(前記加水分解性の官能基が加水分解したポリシロキサン化合物)からなる群より選択される少なくとも一種の化合物(以下、場合により「ポリシロキサン化合物群」という)を含有するゾルの縮合物である湿潤ゲルの乾燥物であってもよい。すなわち、本実施形態に係るエアロゲルは、(分子内に)加水分解性の官能基又は縮合性の官能基を有するポリシロキサン化合物、及び、前記加水分解性の官能基を有するポリシロキサン化合物の加水分解生成物からなる群より選択される少なくとも一種を含有するゾルから生成された湿潤ゲルを乾燥して得られるものであってもよい。なお、後述する各エアロゲルも、このように、加水分解性の官能基又は縮合性の官能基を有するポリシロキサン化合物、及び、前記加水分解性の官能基を有するポリシロキサン化合物の加水分解生成物からなる群より選択される少なくとも一種を含有するゾルの縮合物である湿潤ゲルの乾燥物(前記ゾルから生成された湿潤ゲルを乾燥することで得られるもの)であってもよい。
加水分解性の官能基又は縮合性の官能基を有するケイ素化合物としては、ポリシロキサン化合物以外のケイ素化合物(シリコン化合物)を用いてもよい。すなわち、本実施形態に係るエアロゲルは、(分子内に)加水分解性の官能基又は縮合性の官能基を有するケイ素化合物(ポリシロキサン化合物を除く)、及び、前記加水分解性の官能基を有するケイ素化合物の加水分解生成物からなる群より選択される少なくとも一種の化合物(以下、場合により「ケイ素化合物群」という)を含有するゾルの縮合物である湿潤ゲルの乾燥物であってもよい。ケイ素化合物における分子内のケイ素数は、1又は2とすることができる。
本実施形態に係るエアロゲルは、下記一般式(1)で表される構造を有することができる。本実施形態に係るエアロゲルは、式(1)で表される構造を含む構造として、下記一般式(1a)で表される構造を有することができる。上記一般式(A)で表される構造を有するポリシロキサン化合物を使用することにより、式(1)及び式(1a)で表される構造をエアロゲルの骨格中に導入することができる。
本実施形態に係るエアロゲルは、支柱部及び橋かけ部を備えるラダー型構造を有するエアロゲルであり、かつ、橋かけ部が、下記一般式(2)で表される構造を有するエアロゲルであってもよい。エアロゲルの骨格中にこのようなラダー型構造を導入することにより、耐熱性及び機械的強度を容易に向上させることができる。上記一般式(B)で表される構造を有するポリシロキサン化合物を使用することにより、一般式(2)で表される構造を有する橋かけ部を含むラダー型構造をエアロゲルの骨格中に導入することができる。なお、本実施形態において「ラダー型構造」とは、2本の支柱部(struts)と、支柱部同士を連結する橋かけ部(bridges)とを有する構造(いわゆる「梯子」の形態を有する構造)である。本態様において、エアロゲル骨格がラダー型構造からなっていてもよいが、エアロゲルが部分的にラダー型構造を有していてもよい。
本実施形態に係るエアロゲルは、シリカ粒子を含有していてもよい。エアロゲルを与えるゾルは、シリカ粒子を更に含有していてもよい。すなわち、本実施形態に係るエアロゲルは、シリカ粒子を含有するゾルの縮合物である湿潤ゲルの乾燥物(前記ゾルから生成された湿潤ゲルを乾燥して得られるもの)であってもよい。エアロゲル層は、シリカ粒子を含有するゾルの縮合物である湿潤ゲルの乾燥物から構成される層であってもよい。すなわち、エアロゲル層は、シリカ粒子を含有するゾルから生成された湿潤ゲルを乾燥してなる層で構成されていてもよい。なお、これまで述べてきたエアロゲルも、このように、シリカ粒子を含有するゾルの縮合物である湿潤ゲルの乾燥物(前記ゾルから生成された湿潤ゲルを乾燥することで得られるもの)であってもよい。
本実施形態に係るエアロゲルは、下記一般式(4)で表される構造を有することができる。本実施形態に係るエアロゲルは、シリカ粒子を含有すると共に、下記一般式(4)で表される構造を有することができる。
本実施形態に係る支持体は、非エアロゲル層であり、熱線反射機能又は熱線吸収機能を有する層を少なくとも1層有する。熱線反射機能とは、例えば、800〜3000nm程度の近赤外又は赤外領域における光の反射が、光の吸収及び光の透過よりも大きい機能をいう。これに対して、熱線吸収機能とは、例えば、800〜3000nm程度の近赤外又は赤外領域における光の吸収が、光の反射及び光の透過よりも大きい機能をいう。ここで、光の反射には光の散乱が含まれる。
本実施形態のエアロゲル積層複合体の製造方法は、特に限定されないが、例えば、以下の方法により製造することができる。
本実施形態に係るエアロゲル積層体は、エアロゲルを形成するためのゾルを作製するゾル生成工程と、ゾル生成工程で得られたゾルを熱線反射機能又は熱線吸収機能を有する支持体に塗布し、乾燥してエアロゲル層を形成する塗工工程と、塗工工程で得られたエアロゲル層を熟成する熟成工程と、熟成したエアロゲル層を洗浄及び溶媒置換する工程と、洗浄及び(必要に応じ)溶媒置換したエアロゲル層を乾燥する乾燥工程とを主に備える製造方法により製造することができる。なお、「ゾル」とは、ゲル化反応が生じる前の状態であって、本実施形態においては上記ケイ素化合物群と、場合によりポリシロキサン化合物群と、シリカ粒子とが溶媒中に溶解又は分散している状態を意味する。
ゾル生成工程は、例えば、ケイ素化合物と、場合によりシリカ粒子を含む溶媒とを混合し、加水分解反応を行った後、ゾルゲル反応を行い、半ゲル化のゾル塗液を得る工程である。本工程においては、加水分解反応を促進させるため、溶媒中に更に酸触媒を添加してもよい。また、特許第5250900号公報に示されるように、溶媒中に界面活性剤、熱加水分解性化合物等を添加することもできる。さらに、ゲル化反応を促進させるため、塩基触媒を添加してもよい。なお、本工程、後述する塗工工程及び熟成工程における工程時間を短縮し、加熱及び乾燥温度を低温化する観点から、ゾル中にシリカ粒子を含有するとよい。
塗工工程は、上記ゾル生成工程で得られた半ゲル化状態のゾル塗液を、支持体に塗工し、エアロゲル層を形成する工程である。具体的には、上記ゾル塗液を、支持体に塗布し、乾燥することによりゾル塗液をゲル化させてエアロゲル層を支持体の表面に形成する。ただし、このエアロゲル層は、支持体との接着力が確保される状態であることが望ましい。本実施形態に係るエアロゲル積層体は、ロール状に巻き取って貯蔵することができる。
熟成工程は、上記塗工工程により形成されたエアロゲル層を、加熱にて熟成させる工程である。本工程において、エアロゲル層の支持体との接着性の低下を抑制する観点から、エアロゲル層の含水率が10質量%以上となるように熟成させるとよく、50質量%以上となるように熟成させるとよりよい。熟成方法としては、上記範囲を満足すれば特に制限されないが、例えば、エアロゲル積層体を、密閉雰囲気で熟成する方法、及び、加熱による含水率の低下を抑制できる恒湿恒温槽等を用いて熟成する方法が挙げられる。
洗浄及び溶媒置換工程は、上記熟成工程により得られたエアロゲル積層体を洗浄する工程(洗浄工程)と、後述する乾燥工程に適した溶媒に置換する工程(溶媒置換工程)を有する工程である。洗浄及び溶媒置換手法は特に制限はされない。洗浄及び溶媒置換工程は、エアロゲル積層体を洗浄する工程を行わず、溶媒置換工程のみを行う形態でも実施可能であるが、エアロゲル層中の未反応物、副生成物等の不純物を低減し、より純度の高いエアロゲル積層体の製造を可能にする観点からは、熟成後のエアロゲル層を洗浄してもよい。
乾燥工程では、上記のとおり洗浄及び(必要に応じ)溶媒置換したエアロゲル層を乾燥させる。これにより、最終的なエアロゲル積層体を得ることができる。
次いで、上述のエアロゲル積層体のエアロゲル層2上に多孔性スペーサー層1を配置する。エアロゲル積層体と、多孔性スペーサー層とを積層する方法は、特に限定されないが、エアロゲル積層体と多孔性スペーサー層とのずれを防止する観点から、例えば、縫着、接着等の方法を用いることができる。エアロゲル積層体と多孔性スペーサー層とが一体化することで、エアロゲル積層複合体の強度が補強され、断熱性及びハンドリング性を向上することができる。縫着には、細い有機繊維又は無機繊維を用いることができ、例えば、ポリエステル糸、ガラス繊維、メタ系アラミド繊維が挙げられる。縫着に用いる有機繊維又は無機繊維の太さは、0.01mm〜1.0mm程度であってもよい。接着には、熱圧着性の接着剤、熱硬化性の接着剤等を用いることができる。本実施形態のエアロゲル積層複合体は、エアロゲル積層体と多孔性スペーサー層とが部分的に縫着又は接着していてもよい。
本実施形態の断熱材は、これまで説明したエアロゲル積層複合体の少なくとも一つを備えるものであり、高断熱性と優れた柔軟性とを有している。断熱材は、該エアロゲル積層複合体が複数層積層されたものであってもよい。
[ゾル塗液1]
ケイ素化合物としてメチルトリメトキシシラン(信越化学工業株式会社製、製品名:LS−530、以下「MTMS」と略記)を60.0質量部及びジメチルジメトキシシラン(信越化学工業株式会社製、製品名:LS−520、以下「DMDMS」と略記)を40.0質量部、水を120.0質量部及びメタノールを80.0質量部混合して混合物を得た。この混合物に、酸触媒として酢酸を0.10質量部加え、25℃で2時間反応させた。これに、塩基触媒として5%濃度のアンモニア水を40.0質量部加え、60℃で5時間ゾルゲル反応させてゾル塗液1を得た。
上記ゾル塗液1を、支持体である(縦)1000mm×(横)500mm×(厚)12μmの両面アルミニウム蒸着PETフィルム(日立AIC株式会社製、製品名:VM−PET)に、ゲル化後の厚みが40μmとなるように塗布し、60℃で6分乾燥して、ゲル状のエアロゲル層を有するエアロゲル積層体を得た。その後、得られたエアロゲル積層体を密閉容器に移し、60℃で8時間熟成した。
エアロゲル積層体1のエアロゲル層上に、目付け量:16g/m2、メッシュ数:75/cm2、(縦)1000mm×(横)500mm×(厚)190μmのポリエステルネットを積層し、ポリエステル糸(大貫繊維株式会社製、製品名:エースクラウン #40)で逢着し、多孔性スペーサー層を有するエアロゲル積層複合体1を得た。
[ゾル塗液2]
水を200.0質量部、酸触媒として酢酸を0.10質量部、カチオン系界面活性剤としてCTABを20.0質量部及び熱加水分解性化合物として尿素を120.0質量部混合して混合物を得た。この混合物に、ケイ素化合物としてMTMSを80.0質量部及びポリシロキサン化合物として上記一般式(B)で表される構造を有する両末端2官能アルコキシ変性ポリシロキサン化合物(以下、「ポリシロキサン化合物A」という)を20.0質量部加え、25℃で2時間反応させた。その後、60℃で5時間ゾルゲル反応させてゾル塗液2を得た。
上記ゾル塗液2を用いて、実施例1と同様にして、上記一般式(2)、(3)、(4)及び(5)で表される構造を有するエアロゲル積層体2を得た。
エアロゲル積層体2と、目付け量:15g/m2、(縦)1000mm×(横)500mm×(厚)100μmのポリエステル不織布(ユニチカ株式会社製、製品名:エルベスT153WDO)とを用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして、エアロゲル積層複合体2を得た。
[ゾル塗液3]
シリカ粒子含有原料としてPL−2L(扶桑化学工業株式会社製、製品名、平均一次粒子径:20nm、固形分:20質量%)を100.0質量部、水を100.0質量部、酸触媒として酢酸を0.10質量部、カチオン系界面活性剤としてCTABを20.0質量部及び熱加水分解性化合物として尿素を120.0質量部混合して混合物を得た。この混合物に、ケイ素化合物としてMTMSを60.0質量部及びDMDMSを40.0質量部加え、25℃で2時間反応させた。その後、60℃で1.0時間ゾルゲル反応させてゾル塗液3を得た。
上記ゾル塗液3を用いて、実施例1と同様にして、上記一般式(4)及び(5)で表される構造を有するエアロゲル積層体3を得た。
エアロゲル積層体3と、目付け量:25g/m2、(縦)1000mm×(横)500mm×(厚)210μmのガラス不織布(オリベスト株式会社、製品名:FBP−025)とを用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして、エアロゲル積層複合体3を得た。
[ゾル塗液4]
シリカ粒子含有原料としてPL−2Lを100.0質量部、水を100.0質量部、酸触媒として酢酸を0.10質量部、カチオン系界面活性剤としてCTABを20.0質量部及び熱加水分解性化合物として尿素を120.0質量部混合して混合物を得た。この混合物に、ケイ素化合物としてMTMSを60.0質量部及びDMDMSを20.0質量部、並びに、上記一般式(A)で表される構造を有するポリシロキサン化合物としてX−22−160AS(信越化学工業株式会社製、製品名)を20.0質量部加え、25℃で2時間反応させた。その後、60℃で1.0時間ゾルゲル反応させてゾル塗液4を得た。
上記ゾル塗液4を用いて、実施例1と同様にして、上記一般式(1)、(1a)、(2)、(4)及び(5)で表される構造を有するエアロゲル積層体4を得た。
エアロゲル積層体4と、目付け量:20g/m2、(縦)1000mm×(横)500mm×(厚)70μmのナイロンメッシュ(大紀商事株式会社製、製品名:OKILON−Sha 2520)とを用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして、エアロゲル積層複合体4を得た。
[ゾル塗液5]
シリカ粒子含有原料としてPL−2Lを100.0質量部、水を100.0質量部、酸触媒として酢酸を0.10質量部、カチオン系界面活性剤としてCTABを20.0質量部及び熱加水分解性化合物として尿素を120.0質量部混合して混合物を得た。この混合物に、ケイ素化合物としてMTMSを60.0質量部及びDMDMSを20.0質量部、並びに、ポリシロキサン化合物としてポリシロキサン化合物Aを20.0質量部加え、25℃で2時間反応させた。その後、60℃で1.0時間ゾルゲル反応させてゾル塗液5を得た。
上記ゾル塗液5を用いて、実施例1と同様にして、上記一般式(2)、(3)、(4)及び(5)で表される構造を有するエアロゲル積層体5を得た。
エアロゲル積層体5を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして、エアロゲル積層複合体5を得た。
[エアロゲル積層複合体6]
エアロゲル積層体5を用いた以外は実施例2と同様にして、エアロゲル積層複合体6を得た。
[エアロゲル積層複合体7]
エアロゲル積層体5を用いた以外は実施例3と同様にして、エアロゲル積層複合体7を得た。
[ゾル塗液6]
シリカ粒子含有原料としてPL−2Lを100.0質量部、水を100.0質量部、酸触媒として酢酸を0.10質量部、カチオン系界面活性剤としてCTABを20.0質量部及び熱加水分解性化合物として尿素を120.0質量部混合して混合物を得た。この混合物に、ケイ素化合物としてMTMSを60.0質量部及びDMDMSを20.0質量部、並びに、ポリシロキサン化合物として上記一般式(B)で表される構造を有する両末端3官能アルコキシ変性ポリシロキサン化合物(以下、「ポリシロキサン化合物B」という)を20.0質量部加え、25℃で2時間反応させた。その後、60℃で1.0時間ゾルゲル反応させてゾル塗液6を得た。
上記ゾル塗液6を用いて、実施例1と同様にして、上記一般式(2)、(3)、(4)及び(5)で表される構造を有するエアロゲル積層体6を得た。
エアロゲル積層体6を用いた以外は実施例4と同様にして、エアロゲル積層複合体8を得た。
[エアロゲル積層複合体9]
エアロゲル積層体6と、目付け量:12g/m2、(縦)1000mm×(横)500mm×(厚)66μmのガラス繊維紙とを用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして、エアロゲル積層複合体9を得た。
[エアロゲル積層体7]
支持体を12μmのアルミニウム箔(東洋アルミ株式会社製)に変更した以外は、実施例5と同様にして、上記一般式(2)、(3)、(4)及び(5)で表される構造を有するエアロゲル積層体7を得た。
エアロゲル積層体7を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして、エアロゲル積層複合体10を得た。
[エアロゲル積層複合体11]
エアロゲル積層体7を用いた以外は実施例4と同様にして、エアロゲル積層複合体11を得た。
[エアロゲル積層複合体12]
エアロゲル積層体7を用いた以外は実施例9と同様にして、エアロゲル積層複合体12を得た。
[積層断熱材1]
支持体である両面アルミニウム蒸着PETフィルム(日立AIC株式会社製、製品名:VM−PET)に、断熱層として実施例1で用いたポリエステルネットを積層することで、積層断熱材1を得た。
[積層断熱材2]
断熱層をポリエステル不織布(ユニチカ株式会社製、製品名:エルベスT153WDO)に変更した以外は、比較例1と同様にして、積層断熱材2を得た。
[積層断熱材3]
断熱層をナイロンメッシュ(大紀商事株式会社製、製品名:OKILON−Sha 2520)に変更した以外は、比較例1と同様にして、積層断熱材3を得た。
[積層断熱材4]
断熱層を実施例9で用いたガラス繊維紙に変更した以外は、比較例1と同様にして、積層断熱材4を得た。
[積層断熱材5]
支持体であるアルミニウム箔(東洋アルミ株式会社製)に、断熱層として実施例9で用いたガラス繊維紙を積層することで、積層断熱材5を得た。
各実施例で得られたエアロゲル積層複合体及び各比較例で得られた積層断熱材について、以下の条件に従い、測定又は評価をした。
エアロゲル積層複合体及び積層断熱材を、(縦)606mm×(横)343mmのシートA、(縦)612mm×(横)362mmのシートB、(縦)618mm×(横)380mmのシートC、(直径)105mmのシートD、(直径)112mmのシートE、(直径)118mmのシートFのサイズにそれぞれ加工した。
液体窒素容器12の外周に設けられた断熱材10の総厚みD(mm)を、次式より算出した。
D=Dc/2―50.0
式中、Dc(mm)は、エアロゲル積層複合体又は積層断熱材を巻き付けた後の液体窒素容器の直径を示す。
断熱性評価用の液体窒素容器を用いて、断熱性能を測定した。図5に、断熱性能試験装置の概略図を示す。まず、断熱材10が巻き付けられた液体窒素容器12を283Kに設定した恒温槽14に入れ、真空容器16内に設置した。次に、真空容器16内の真空排気をターボ分子ポンプ20で行い、真空容器16内部の真空圧力をピラニー真空計22及びイオン真空計24で計測した。ターボ分子ポンプ20を運転して、ピラニー真空計22が4×10−1Pa以下の真空圧力を示したのを確認後、イオン真空計24で真空圧力を計測し、真空容器16の圧力が1×10−2Pa以下になるまで、7日間真空排気を行った。その後、真空容器16内に設置された液体窒素容器12に液体窒素を注液後、首配管18の温度と蒸発した窒素ガス流量がほぼ一定値であり、定常状態であることを確認したときの、断熱材10を通過する熱流束qを算出した。
Claims (11)
- 多孔性スペーサー層と、エアロゲル層と、熱線反射機能又は熱線吸収機能を有する支持体と、がこの順に積層された構造を備える、エアロゲル積層複合体。
- 前記多孔性スペーサー層が、ナイロン繊維、ポリエステル繊維、ポリイミド繊維及びガラス繊維からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一種を含む材料から構成される層である、請求項1に記載のエアロゲル積層複合体。
- 前記多孔性スペーサー層が、ガラス不織布、ポリエステル不織布、ガラス繊維紙、ポリエステルネット又はナイロンメッシュを含む層である、請求項1又は2に記載のエアロゲル積層複合体。
- 前記エアロゲル層が、ポリシロキサン由来の構造を有するエアロゲルを含有する層である、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載のエアロゲル積層複合体。
- 前記エアロゲル層が、加水分解性の官能基又は縮合性の官能基を有するケイ素化合物、及び、前記加水分解性の官能基を有するケイ素化合物の加水分解生成物からなる群より選択される少なくとも一種を含有するゾルの縮合物である湿潤ゲルの乾燥物から構成される層である、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載のエアロゲル積層複合体。
- 前記ゾルが、シリカ粒子を更に含有する、請求項5に記載のエアロゲル積層複合体。
- 前記シリカ粒子の平均一次粒子径が、1nm以上500nm以下である、請求項6に記載のエアロゲル積層複合体。
- 前記支持体が、カーボングラファイト、アルミニウム、マグネシウム、銀、チタン、カーボンブラック、金属硫酸塩及びアンチモン化合物からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一種を含む材料から構成される層を有する、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載のエアロゲル積層複合体。
- 前記支持体が、アルミニウム箔、アルミニウム蒸着フィルム、銀蒸着フィルム又は酸化アンチモン含有フィルムである、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載のエアロゲル積層複合体。
- 前記支持体が、アルミニウム箔又はアルミニウム蒸着フィルムである、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載のエアロゲル積層複合体。
- 請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載のエアロゲル積層複合体を備える、断熱材。
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US20180250913A1 (en) | 2018-09-06 |
US10821705B2 (en) | 2020-11-03 |
TW201713746A (zh) | 2017-04-16 |
CN107921731B (zh) | 2020-10-09 |
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CN107921731A (zh) | 2018-04-17 |
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