CN114559711A - 多层气凝胶复合材料 - Google Patents

多层气凝胶复合材料 Download PDF

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CN114559711A
CN114559711A CN202210105219.2A CN202210105219A CN114559711A CN 114559711 A CN114559711 A CN 114559711A CN 202210105219 A CN202210105219 A CN 202210105219A CN 114559711 A CN114559711 A CN 114559711A
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aerogel
fiber composite
composite
multilayer
parts
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孔勇
宋鑫颖
沈晓冬
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Jiangsu Jiayun New Material Co ltd
Jiangsu Anjia New Material Technology Co ltd
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Jiangsu Jiayun New Material Co ltd
Jiangsu Anjia New Material Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及多层气凝胶复合材料，其特征在于：依次由上封装层(1)、气凝胶层(2)和下封装层(3)组成，其中上封装层(1)、下封装层(3)与气凝胶层(2)通过胶粘复合成型；气凝胶层为带有功能涂层的纤维复合气凝胶。本发明以纤维复合气凝胶为基材，在基材表面喷涂、辊涂浆料，待浆料固化后得到带有功能涂层的纤维复合气凝胶，再将带有功能涂层的纤维复合气凝胶与上下封装层粘结在一起，即可得到多层气凝胶复合材料。此发明可有效解决水汽渗透和掉粉问题，进一步提高气凝胶材料的保温隔热性能和阻燃性能，制备得到的多层气凝胶材料将扩大气凝胶的应用范围。

Description

多层气凝胶复合材料
技术领域
本发明属于新材料制备领域，具体涉及一种多层气凝胶复合材料。
背景技术
气凝胶材料是一种纳米多孔材料，具有较高的比表面积、高孔隙率、低密度、低导热系数等优点，是目前保温隔热性能较好的固体材料。在航空航天、建筑外墙、新能源，液化天然气(LNG)等领域有良好的应用前景和巨大的实用价值。但存在强度低、耐高温性能差、掉粉、防水隔汽效果差等缺点。因此可通过在气凝胶材料表面涂覆功能涂层，同时再进行封装，形成多层气凝胶复合材料，从而改善气凝胶材料的掉粉问题，防止水蒸汽渗透，提高强度和耐温性。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了改进现有技术的不足而提供了一种多层气凝胶复合材料，本发明的另一目的是提供上述多层气凝胶复合材料的制备方法。本发明克服了传统气凝胶材料强度低、耐高温性差的问题，解决了气凝胶材料掉粉和水汽渗透问题。该多层气凝胶复合材料不仅具有良好的保温隔热性能而且具备一定的柔韧性，方便施工。
本发明为解决技术问题所采取的技术方案是：多层气凝胶复合材料，其特征在于：依次由上封装层1、气凝胶层2和下封装层3组成，其中上封装层1、下封装层3与气凝胶层2通过胶粘复合成型；气凝胶层为带有功能涂层的纤维复合气凝胶。
优选所述的上封装层为：高硅氧布、玻纤布、陶瓷纤维布、铁氟龙耐高温布或镀铝箔玻纤布；所述的下封装层为：铝箔、铜箔、PET膜、多层铝塑膜、PE膜、PI膜或芳纶膜。
优选所述的纤维复合气凝胶厚度0.5～40mm，密度180～400kg/m3，25℃导热系数为0.016～0.022W/(m·K)，疏水角95°～160°。
优选所述的纤维复合气凝胶为纤维复合氧化硅气凝胶、纤维复合氧化铝气凝胶、纤维复合莫来石气凝胶、纤维复合有机气凝胶、纤维复合碳气凝胶或纤维复合柔性氧化硅基气凝胶。
优选上述带有功能涂层的纤维复合气凝胶中的功能涂层的厚度为0.1～0.5mm。
优选所述的功能涂层的原料组分及各组分的重量份分别为：气凝胶粉10～20份、陶瓷粉料5～20份、硅树脂10～40份、乙醇100～200份、硅烷偶联剂KH5505～10份、水20～100份、二甲苯5～10份。
优选上述的气凝胶粉为氧化硅气凝胶、氧化铝气凝胶或氧化钛气凝胶中的一种；所述的陶瓷粉料为氧化锆、氧化钛或氧化钇。
优选所述的胶为液体胶或热熔胶膜；其中液体胶为无机胶粘剂水玻璃或有机胶粘剂聚氨酯胶、硅胶或环氧树脂胶；热熔胶膜为TPU热熔胶膜、PES热熔胶膜、PO热熔胶膜或EVA热熔胶膜中的一种。
本发明还提供了一种制备上述的多层气凝胶复合材料的方法，其具体步骤如下：
1)功能涂层的制备：将气凝胶粉、陶瓷粉料、硅树脂、乙醇、硅烷偶联剂KH550、水、二甲苯，搅拌形成均匀的浆料，将浆料喷涂或辊涂在纤维复合气凝胶表面，浆料固化后得到带有功能涂层的纤维复合气凝胶；
2)封装：通过喷淋、刮涂或辊涂将将液体胶均匀的涂覆在带有功能涂层的纤维复合气凝胶表面后，与上封装层和下封装层粘结在一起，或者利用热熔胶膜通过辊压、平压将带有功能涂层的纤维复合气凝胶与上封装层和下封装层粘结在一起，即得到多层气凝胶复合材料。
本发明所制备得到的多层气凝胶复合材料厚度1.5～40.5mm，25℃导热系数为0.018～0.025W/(m·K)，疏水角为120～160°；可使用温度为-196℃～300℃，阻燃等级为A级；水蒸汽透过量为5～35g/m2·24h(水蒸气透过量的测试条件23摄氏度湿度是10％)。
有益效果：
本发明可有效解决水汽渗透和掉粉问题，进一步提高气凝胶材料的保温隔热性能进一步提高气凝胶材料的保温隔热性能和阻燃性能，制备得到的多层气凝胶材料将扩大气凝胶的应用范围。
本发明利用纤维复合气凝胶的柔韧性来保证多层气凝胶复合材料在实际应用过程中的操作便捷性，便于在固定安装过程中的弯折处理，且不影响气凝胶的保温隔热性能。
附图说明
图1为实例1制得的多层氧化硅气凝胶复合材料的结构示意图；其中，1-上封装层，2-气凝胶层，3-下封装层。
具体实施方式
实例1
1)功能涂层的制备：按以下重量份计：10份氧化硅气凝胶粉、15份氧化钛陶瓷粉料、40份硅树脂、200份乙醇、8份硅烷偶联剂KH550、25份水、10份二甲苯搅拌形成均匀的浆料，将浆料喷涂在氧化硅纤维复合气凝胶表面，浆料固化后得到带有功能涂层的纤维复合氧化硅气凝胶，功能涂层的厚度为0.2mm。所述的氧化硅纤维复合气凝胶厚度为10mm,密度190kg/m3,25℃导热系数为0.016W/(m·K)，疏水角160°。
2)封装：利用TPU热熔胶膜通过热压将带有功能涂层的纤维复合氧化硅气凝胶2与上封装层1高硅氧布及下封装层3PET膜粘结在一起，即可得到多层气凝胶复合材料；如图1所示。
多层气凝胶复合材料厚度为10.5mm,25℃导热系数为0.018W/(m·K)，疏水角为160°；可使用温度为-196℃～300℃，阻燃等级为A级；水蒸汽透过量为5g/m2*24h。
实例2
1)功能涂层的制备：按以下重量份计：20份氧化铝气凝胶粉、5份氧化锆陶瓷粉料、10份硅树脂、100份乙醇、5份硅烷偶联剂KH550、100份水、5份二甲苯搅拌形成均匀的浆料，将浆料喷涂在纤维复合莫来石气凝胶表面，浆料固化后得到带有功能涂层的纤维复合莫来石气凝胶,功能涂层的厚度为0.1mm。所述的纤维复合莫来石气凝胶厚度为40mm,密度400kg/m3,25℃导热系数为0.022W/(m·K)，疏水角95°。
2)封装：通过刮涂将聚氨酯胶粘剂均匀的涂覆在带有功能涂层的纤维复合气凝胶2表面后与上封装层1玻纤布及下封装层3PI膜粘结在一起，即可得到多层气凝胶复合材料。
多层气凝胶复合材料厚度为40.5mm，25℃导热系数为0.021W/(m·K)，疏水角为120°；可使用温度为-10℃～300℃，阻燃等级为A级；水蒸汽透过量为30g/m2*24h。
实例3
1)功能涂层的制备：按以下重量份计：15份氧化钛气凝胶粉、20份氧化钇陶瓷粉料、30份硅树脂、200份乙醇、10份硅烷偶联剂KH550、20份水、6份二甲苯搅拌形成均匀的浆料，将浆料喷涂在纤维复合有机气凝胶表面，浆料固化后得到带有功能涂层的纤维复合有机气凝胶，功能涂层厚度0.5mm。所述的纤维复合莫来石气凝胶厚度为0.5mm,密度180kg/m3,25℃导热系数0.017W/(m·K)，疏水角125°。
2)封装：通过辊涂将环氧树脂胶粘剂均匀的涂覆在带有功能涂层的纤维复合有机气凝胶2表面后与上封装层1陶瓷纤维布及下封装层3多层铝塑膜粘结在一起，即可得到多层气凝胶复合材料。
多层气凝胶复合材料厚度为1.5mm，25℃导热系数为0.022W/(m·K)，疏水角为135°；可使用温度为-40℃～200℃，阻燃等级为A级；水蒸汽透过量为28g/m2*24h。
实例4
1)功能涂层的制备：按以下重量份计：10份氧化硅气凝胶粉、20份氧化钇陶瓷粉料、40份硅树脂、150份乙醇、8份硅烷偶联剂KH550、80份水、8份二甲苯搅拌形成均匀的浆料，将浆料喷涂在纤维复合碳气凝胶表面，浆料固化后得到带有功能涂层的纤维复合碳气凝胶，功能涂层的厚度为0.3mm。所述的纤维复合碳气凝胶厚度为12mm,密度210kg/m3,25℃导热系数0.019W/(m·K)，疏水角120°。
2)封装：通过刮涂将硅胶粘剂均匀的涂覆在带有功能涂层的纤维复合碳气凝胶2表面后与上封装层1镀铝箔玻纤布及下封装层3芳纶膜粘结在一起，即可得到多层气凝胶复合材料。
多层气凝胶复合材料厚度为12.5mm，25℃导热系数为0.031W/(m·K)，疏水角为123°；可使用温度为-50℃～300℃，燃烧等级为A级；水蒸汽透过量为35g/m2*24h。
实例5
1)功能涂层的制备：按以下重量份计：10份氧化钛气凝胶粉、15份氧化钇陶瓷粉料、40份硅树脂、200份乙醇、8份硅烷偶联剂KH550、25份水、10份二甲苯搅拌形成均匀的浆料，将涂层浆料喷涂在纤维复合柔性氧化硅基气凝胶表面，浆料固化后得到带有功能涂层的纤维复合柔性氧化硅基气凝胶，功能涂层的厚度为0.2mm。所述的纤维复合柔性氧化硅基气凝胶厚度为20mm,密度280kg/m3,25℃热导率0.020W/(m·K)，疏水角128°
2)封装：利用热熔胶膜通过辊压将带有功能涂层的纤维复合柔性氧化硅基气凝胶2与上封装层1铝箔及下封装层3PI膜粘结在一起，即可得到多层气凝胶复合材料。
多层气凝胶复合材料厚度为20.5mm，25℃导热系数为0.025W/(m·K)，憎水率为130°；可使用温度为-20℃～200℃，燃烧等级为A级；水蒸汽透过量为35g/m2*24h。

Claims (9)

1.多层气凝胶复合材料，其特征在于：依次由上封装层(1)、气凝胶层(2)和下封装层(3)组成，其中上封装层(1)、下封装层(3)与气凝胶层(2)通过胶粘复合成型；气凝胶层为带有功能涂层的纤维复合气凝胶。
2.根据权利要求1所述的多层气凝胶复合材料，其特征在于所述的上封装层为：高硅氧布、玻纤布、陶瓷纤维布、铁氟龙耐高温布或镀铝箔玻纤布；所述的下封装层为：铝箔、铜箔、PET膜、多层铝塑膜、PE膜、PI膜或芳纶膜。
3.根据权利要求1所述的多层气凝胶复合材料，其特征在于所述的纤维复合气凝胶厚度0.5～40mm，密度180～400kg/m3，25℃导热系数为0.016～0.022W/(m·K)，疏水角95°～160°。
4.根据权利要求1所述的多层气凝胶复合材料，其特征在于所述的纤维复合气凝胶为纤维复合氧化硅气凝胶、纤维复合氧化铝气凝胶、纤维复合莫来石气凝胶、纤维复合有机气凝胶、纤维复合碳气凝胶或纤维复合柔性氧化硅基气凝胶。
5.根据权利要求1所述的多层气凝胶复合材料，其特征在于所述的功能涂层的原料组分及各组分的重量份分别为：气凝胶粉10～20份、陶瓷粉料5～20份、硅树脂10～40份、乙醇100～200份、硅烷偶联剂KH550 5～10份、水20～100份、二甲苯5～10份；功能涂层的厚度为0.1～0.5mm。
6.根据权利要求5所述的多层气凝胶复合材料，其特征在于所述的气凝胶粉为氧化硅气凝胶、氧化铝气凝胶或氧化钛气凝胶中的一种；所述的陶瓷粉料为氧化锆、氧化钛或氧化钇。
7.根据权利要求1所述的多层气凝胶复合材料，其特征在于所述的胶为液体胶或热熔胶膜；其中液体胶为无机胶粘剂水玻璃或有机胶粘剂聚氨酯胶、硅胶或环氧树脂胶；热熔胶膜为TPU热熔胶膜、PES热熔胶膜、PO热熔胶膜或EVA热熔胶膜中的一种。
8.一种制备如权利要求1所述的多层气凝胶复合材料的方法，其具体步骤如下：
1)功能涂层的制备：将气凝胶粉、陶瓷粉料、硅树脂、乙醇、硅烷偶联剂、水、二甲苯，搅拌形成均匀的浆料，将浆料喷涂或辊涂在纤维复合气凝胶表面，浆料固化后得到带有功能涂层的纤维复合气凝胶；
2)封装：通过喷淋、刮涂或辊涂将将液体胶均匀的涂覆在带有功能涂层的纤维复合气凝胶表面后，与上封装层和下封装层粘结在一起，或者利用热熔胶膜通过辊压、平压将带有功能涂层的纤维复合气凝胶与上封装层和下封装层粘结在一起，即得到多层气凝胶复合材料。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于所制备得到的多层气凝胶复合材料厚度1.5～40.5mm，25℃导热系数为0.018～0.025W/(m·K)，疏水角为120～160°；可使用温度为-196℃～300℃，阻燃等级为A级；水蒸汽透过量为5～35g/m2·24h。
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