CN115573175A - 耐γ射线辐射的薄膜及复合面料 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本申请提供了一种耐γ射线辐射的薄膜及复合面料,所述薄膜包含重量百分比为1%‑10%的碳纳米纤维气凝胶。所述复合面料包括基底层和保护层,所述保护层包括所述的薄膜。本发明的碳纳米纤维气凝胶在吸收γ射线能量后,可以产生碳碳不饱和键自由基而进行耗散,可显著提高材料的耐辐射性。在辐照过程中,PE中产生大量的自由基,但碳气凝胶具有清除自由基的能力,实际上是修复了PE的损伤,在清除自由基的过程中,碳气凝胶会接枝到聚合物上,从而能有效的补偿机械性能,达到延长使用寿命的目的。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及防辐射材料技术领域,尤其涉及一种耐γ射线辐射的薄膜及复合面料。
背景技术
辐照灭菌是利一种用电离辐射产生的电磁波杀死大多数物质上的微生物的灭菌方法。用于灭菌的射线有电子束、X射线和γ射线等。其中γ射线能使照射物氧化或产生自由基(OH·H)再作用于生物分子,或者直接作用于生物分子,通过打断氢键、使双键氧化、破坏环状结构或使某些分子聚合等方式,破坏和改变生物大分子的结构,从而抑制或杀死微生物。
制药、食品加工等企业使用的洁净服,一般可重复使用,每次使用后需经水洗和γ射线辐射(或辐照)灭菌。但γ射线辐射会破坏洁净服织物的分子结构,引起氢键断裂、双键氧化等,从而导致纤维强力下降,织物黄变、发脆、甚至开裂,影响洁净服的使用性能和寿命。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种耐γ射线辐射的薄膜,可以涂布面料上以解决其不耐辐射的问题。
耐γ射线辐射的薄膜,包含重量百分比为1%-10%的碳纳米纤维气凝胶。
以下还提供了若干可选方式,但并不作为对上述总体方案的额外限定,仅仅是进一步的增补或优选,在没有技术或逻辑矛盾的前提下,各可选方式可单独针对上述总体方案进行组合,还可以是多个可选方式之间进行组合。
可选的,所述碳纳米纤维气凝胶通过如下方法制备得到:
(1)将聚丙烯腈和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯溶于有机溶剂,并通过静电纺丝制得前驱体;
(2)将所述前驱体干燥、除杂后进行碳化,制得所述碳纳米纤维气凝胶。
可选的,所述聚丙烯腈和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯的重量比为1:9~9:1。
可选的,所述聚丙烯腈和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯的重量比为7:3。
可选的,所述碳纳米纤维气凝胶的密度为10-30mg/cm3、比表面积为800-1500m2g-1。
可选的,所述薄膜的厚度为1-5mm。
可选的,所述薄膜的基材为聚乙烯。
可选的,所述保护层包括如权利要求1所述的耐γ射线辐射的薄膜。
可选的,所述保护层通过流延工艺涂布在所述基底层上。
可选的,所述基底层为无纺布或梭织布。
本发明的碳纳米纤维气凝胶在吸收γ射线能量后,可以产生碳碳不饱和键自由基而进行耗散,可显著提高材料的耐辐射性。
在辐照过程中,PE中产生大量的自由基,但碳气凝胶具有清除自由基的能力,实际上是修复了PE的损伤,在清除自由基的过程中,碳气凝胶会接枝到聚合物上,从而能有效的补偿机械性能,达到延长使用寿命的目的。
附图说明
图1为本发明复合面料的结构示意图。
图2为碳纳米纤维气凝胶的电镜图。
图3为碳纳米纤维气凝胶的透射电镜图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图,对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅是本申请一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本申请保护的范围。
需要说明的是,当组件被称为与另一个组件“连接”时,它可以直接与另一个组件连接或者也可以存在居中的组件。当一个组件被认为是“设置于”另一个组件,它可以是直接设置在另一个组件上或者可能同时存在居中组件。
本申请中,术语“中心”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“顶端”、“底端”、“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“前”、“后”、“竖直”、“水平”、“内”、“外”“轴向”、“周向”等指示方位或位置关系为基于某些附图所示的方位或位置关系,亦或基于产品正常使用状态下的空间姿态,当然也仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述,而不是指示或暗示所指的位置或原件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的构造和操作,因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。
除非另有定义,本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中在本申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的,不是在于限制本申请。本文所使用的术语“和/或”包括一个或多个相关的所列项目的任意的和所有的组合。
如图1所示,一种耐γ射线辐射的复合面料,包括基底层1和保护层2,其中基底层为无纺布、梭织布等洁净服常用的面料,保护层可以是一种薄膜,主要用于保护面料在经受γ射线照射后发生的不良反应,以增加其使用寿命。
如上所述,保护层2一般是通过流延工艺涂布在基底层2上的薄膜,保护层2和基底层1之间通常为粘结固定。保护层包括基材和分散在基材中的可以吸收γ射线的填料。基材一般为高分子材料,可以是单一材料,也可以是复合材料,根据需要还可以添加固化剂、改性剂、色料等辅料。在其中一个实施例中,所述基材为单一材料,具体为聚乙烯,分子量为1万-10万。
基材在体系中主要起到分散和粘结的作用,起保护作用的主要是保护层中的填料,本申请的填料为碳纳米纤维气凝胶,它在吸收γ射线的能量后,可以形成自由基,对能量进行耗散,进而保护基底层不受破坏。并且当使用聚乙烯作为基材后,聚乙烯可以与自由基发生反生,修复碳纳米纤维气凝胶因吸收γ射线产生的缺陷。
所述碳纳米纤维气凝胶可以通过以下方法制备获得:
首先,配置10%聚丙烯腈(PAN)和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)混合溶液,其中PAN和PMMA质量比为7:3,溶剂为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF),利用静电纺丝技术制成PAN/PMMA纳米纤维,并利用水浴接收。
其次,将获得的纳米纤维转移至圆柱形塑料培养皿模具(直径3.5cm,高1.8cm)中,冷冻干燥48h,干燥结束后得到具有三维结构的PAN/PMMA复合纳米纤维气凝胶。
再次,将上述复合纳米纤维气凝胶置于高温管式炉中,以1℃/min的升温速率升至300℃,并在此温度下保持1h进行预氧化处理,去除PMMA组分,再在氮气氛围保护下,以5℃/min的升温速率升至1200℃,在此温度下保持1h进行碳化处理,制得碳纳米纤维气凝胶;如图2所示,碳纳米纤维气凝胶密度为15.78mg/cm3、比表面积1357m2/g。
最后,将碳纳米纤维气凝胶和PE母粒按上一定比例混合搅拌均匀,将混合物加入到淋膜机中,控制淋膜机的温度为270℃,淋膜厚度为3mm,制得保护层涂布在无纺布等基底层上,制得复合面料。该复合面料经过25kGy剂量的γ辐射50次以上,无脆化、开裂、变色现象。
通过调节调整聚丙烯腈(PAN)和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)的重量比,以考察其对材料性能的影响,如图表1和表2所示。
表1D峰与G峰强度之比
碳纳米纤维气凝胶的拉曼光谱中在1345cm-1和1595cm-1有两个明显的特征峰,称之为D峰和G峰,D峰的存在是因为碳原子晶格的缺陷,G峰的存在是因为C原子sp2杂化的面内伸缩振动。I(D)指的是D峰的强度,I(G)指的是G峰的强度,通常用I(D)/I(G)的比值来表示碳结构内部的缺陷度,通常这个比值越小说明碳纳米纤维气凝胶内部的石墨结构越完整。根据表1的计算结果可以看出,比例为纯PAN、PAN/PMMA-3/7与PAN/PMMA-5/5的D峰与G峰之比相近,均在1.8-2.0之间,PAN/PMMA-7/3的碳纤维D峰与G峰之比最小,说明其内部结构缺陷最少。
表2比表面积和孔隙特征
碳纤维中存在大量分级存在的孔状结构,是由PMMA在升温气化的时候产生的小气泡演化而来。如表2所示,采用了氮气氛围下全程等温吸附-脱附曲线以及中孔分布曲线来测定PAN/PMMA-3/7,PAN/PMMA-7/3,PAN/PMMA-5/5三种比例的碳纳米纤维气凝胶的总孔体积、平均孔径、比表面积等数据,通过表2的数据我们可以很清晰观察出:
比表面积:PAN/PMMA-7/3>PAN/PMMA-5/5>PAN/PMMA-3/7;
孔隙体积:PAN/PMMA-7/3>PAN/PMMA-5/5>PAN/PMMA-3/7;
总孔体积:PAN/PMMA-7/3>PAN/PMMA-5/5>PAN/PMMA-3/7。
以上说明,通过改变PAN与PMMA的比例,可以改变碳纳米纤维气凝胶的比表面积和孔隙率。PAN/PMMA-3/7和PAN/PMMA-5/5的比表面积分别是861.13m2g-1和1009.57m2g-1,PAN/PMMA-7/3比表面积最高为1357.06m2g-1,孔隙体积也为最高的0.27m2g-1。原因是在PAN/PMMA-7/3比例下,纤维直径适中,碳纳米纤维束分散更为均匀。
综上所述,PAN/PMMA-7/3制备的碳纳米纤维气凝胶,在碳纤维内部创造了相互贯穿连接的微观孔状结构,具有更大的表面积,石墨结构更完整,内部结构缺陷最少,在吸收γ射线能量后,可以产生更多碳碳不饱和键自由基而进行耗散,可显著提高材料的耐辐射性。
将PAN/PMMA-7/3碳纳米纤维气凝胶分散于PE中,制得具有耐辐射的薄膜,与未添加PAN/PMMA-7/3碳纳米纤维气凝胶的PE膜进行对照,检测它们辐照前后的力学性能,具体如表3所示:
表3辐照对力学性能的影响
由表3可知,由PAN/PMMA-7/3前驱体制备的碳纳米纤维气凝胶与PE复合后的复合膜力学性能有显著提高,经25kGy辐照50此后,未复合的PE膜其力学性能下降较大,而复合膜的力学性能下降不大,一方面碳纳米纤维气凝胶可以耗散射线的能量,另一方面受损的PE可以被碳纳米纤维气凝修复。
以上所述实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合,为使描述简洁,未对上述实施例中的各技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述,然而,只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾,都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。不同实施例中的技术特征体现在同一附图中时,可视为该附图也同时披露了所涉及的各个实施例的组合例。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本申请的几种实施方式,其描述较为具体和详细,但并不能因此而理解为对申请专利范围的限制。应当指出的是,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本申请构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进,这些都属于本申请的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.耐γ射线辐射的薄膜,其特征在于,包含重量百分比为1%-10%的碳纳米纤维气凝胶。
2.根据权利要求1所述的耐γ射线辐射的薄膜,其特征在于,所述碳纳米纤维气凝胶通过如下方法制备得到:
(1)将聚丙烯腈和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯溶于有机溶剂,并通过静电纺丝制得前驱体;
(2)将所述前驱体干燥、除杂后进行碳化,制得所述碳纳米纤维气凝胶。
3.根据权利要求2所述的耐γ射线辐射的薄膜,其特征在于,所述聚丙烯腈和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯的重量比为1:9~9:1。
4.根据权利要求3所述的耐γ射线辐射的薄膜,其特征在于,所述聚丙烯腈和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯的重量比为7:3。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的耐γ射线辐射的薄膜,其特征在于,所述碳纳米纤维气凝胶的密度为10-30mg/cm3、比表面积为800-1500m2g-1。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的耐γ射线辐射的薄膜,其特征在于,所述薄膜的厚度为1-5mm。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的耐γ射线辐射的薄膜,其特征在于,所述薄膜的基材为聚乙烯。
8.复合面料,包括基底层和保护层,其特征在于,所述保护层包括如权利要求1所述的耐γ射线辐射的薄膜。
9.根据权利要求8所述的复合面料,其特征在于,所述保护层通过流延工艺涂布在所述基底层上。
10.根据权利要求8所述的复合面料,其特征在于,所述基底层为无纺布或梭织布。
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