CN112519339A - 一种防辐射的气凝胶毡 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种防辐射的气凝胶毡，它包括纺织层、混合层、气凝胶层，所述混合层由上下两层组成，中间包裹着气凝胶层，并在混合层外设有纺织层，通过复合工艺，将纺织层、混合层、气凝胶层进行复合成型，所述混合层由多片竹纤维条交叉编织而成，并在竹纤维板层缝隙之间填入细小的石墨块组成，其石墨块的厚度与竹纤维板层的的厚度相同，通过胶水进行粘合固定形成一块混合板层。本发明中的材料可起到对类似快中子射线的防护。该防辐射的气凝胶毡可应用在具有放射性介质的设备隔热中，在起到保温的同时可大大降低放射性射线进入周围环境的总量，对工业辐射防护安全和人员的健康起到了非常积极的作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明专利涉及保温和辐射防护领域，具体涉及一种可应用于存在较大辐射性的高温设备或厂房的隔热及辐射防护，是一种新型的防辐射、高隔热性能的气凝胶毡。
背景技术
气凝胶是一种固体物质形态，世界上密度最小的固体，密度低至3kg每立方米。是一种以超微粒子或高聚物分子相互聚集构成的纳米多孔网络结构，并且在孔隙中充满气态分散介质的一种高分散固体材料,其孔隙率可高达99%以上，孔径分布在纳米量级，是世界上最轻的凝聚态材料，具有低折射系数、低导电系数、低声传播速度，在隔热材料、催化剂、消音减震、高能粒子探测、净化系统等方面具有非常广阔的应用前景。有关气凝胶的基础研究及应用研究日益受到了国内外学者的广泛关注，具备独特优异性能的气凝胶应用越来越广泛，成为当今材料领域中的研究热点。
现阶段制备的纳米气凝胶毡多以二氧化硅气凝胶复合无机纤维为主，耐温和隔热性能非常优秀，但其不具备防辐射性能，在一些存在较大辐射性的如核岛系统的设备或厂房中，其常规气凝胶材料存在一定的局限性。
发明内容
本发明专利要解决的技术问题在于，针对现有二氧化硅气凝胶在辐射防护上的短板，利用金属纤维和碳基气凝胶对射线的优异防护性能，提供一种具有防辐射的气凝胶毡。
本发明专利的目的是通过如下技术方案来完成的， 一种防辐射的气凝胶毡，它包括纺织层、混合层、气凝胶层，所述混合层由上下两层组成，中间包裹着气凝胶层，并在混合层外设有纺织层，通过复合工艺，将纺织层、混合层、气凝胶层进行复合成型，所述混合层由多片竹纤维条交叉编织而成，并在竹纤维板层缝隙之间填入细小的石墨块组成，其石墨块的厚度与竹纤维板层的的厚度相同，通过胶水进行粘合固定形成一块混合板层。
作为优选：所述纺织层由不锈钢纤维毡制作而成，其气凝胶层为碳基气凝胶。
作为优选：所述纺织层、混合层、气凝胶层的厚度均为1mm-10mm，通过复合后的厚度小于7mm。
本发明专利的有益技术效果在于：本发明专利涉及的一种防辐射的气凝胶毡，其极细不锈钢纤维毡，具有细微化和软软化的特征，又加上不锈钢纤维本身对伽马射线有很好的削弱特性，可起到对类似伽马射线的防护；其碳基气凝胶具有极高的回弹速度、极低的能量损耗，同时保持了高强度和稳定性，竹编和石墨制成的混合层可以起到加强筋以及保温的效果，而这些特性使其对快中子射线具有很好的减速和吸收性能，可起到对类似快中子射线的防护。该防辐射的气凝胶毡可应用在具有放射性介质的设备隔热中，在起到保温的同时可大大降低放射性射线进入周围环境的总量，对工业辐射防护安全和人员的健康起到了非常积极的作用。
附图说明
图1 是本发明结构示意图；
图2是本发明碳基气凝胶结构示意图；
图3是本发明混合层结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本领域的普通技术人员更加清楚地理解本发明的目的、技术方案和优点，以下结合附图和实施例对本发明做进一步的阐述。
如图1-3所示，本发明一种防辐射的气凝胶毡，它包括纺织层、混合层、气凝胶层，所述混合层由上下两层组成，中间包裹着气凝胶层，并在混合层外设有纺织层，通过复合工艺，将纺织层、混合层、气凝胶层进行复合成型，所述混合层由多片竹纤维条交叉编织而成，并在竹纤维板层缝隙之间填入细小的石墨块组成，其石墨块的厚度与竹纤维板层的的厚度相同，通过胶水进行粘合固定形成一块混合板层，所述纺织层由不锈钢纤维毡制作而成，其气凝胶层为碳基气凝胶，所述纺织层、混合层、气凝胶层的厚度均为1mm-10mm，通过复合后的厚度小于7mm。
本发明气凝胶毡是以不锈钢纤维毡为1基材，复合碳基气凝胶2；所述的不锈钢纤维毡1是以不锈钢为基材，经多次集束拉拔、退火、固溶处理等一套特殊工艺制成不锈钢纤维丝3，每股有数千、数万根，不锈钢纤维3表面积非常大，使其在内部结构、热阻和熔点等方面有着超常的性能，其极密的重金属不锈钢纤维3对伽马射线有着良好的阻隔性能；所述的碳基气凝胶2是通过使用间苯二酚-甲醛（RF）树脂作为硬碳源，以多种纳米纤维，包括包括细菌纤维素纳米纤维、碲纳米线和碳纳米管作为结构模板制备的纳米纤维气凝胶，再通过高温碳化得到的具有超弹性和抗疲劳的碳基气凝胶，其超弹的纳米基体对中子射线具有优秀的减速并吸收性能。
本发明专利的毛毡制作成具有柔软、密度低、耐高温、低导热的绝热材料，同时也具有优良的防辐射性能，可用于存在较大辐射性的高温设备或厂房的隔热及辐射防护，对工业安全和人员健康起到了积极的作用。
本发明专利所述的防辐射气凝胶毡可应用在具有放射性介质的设备隔热中，在起到保温的同时可大大降低放射性射线进入周围环境的总量，对工业辐射防护安全和人员的健康起到了非常积极的作用。
本文中所描述的具体实施例仅例示性说明本发明专利的原理及其功效，而非用于限制本发明专利。任何熟悉此技术的人士皆可在不违背本发明专利的精神及范畴下，对上述实施例进行修饰或改变。因此，但凡所属技术领域中具有通常知识者在未脱离本发明专利所揭示的精神与技术思想下所完成的一切等效修饰或改变，仍应由本发明专利的权利要求所涵盖。
Claims (3)
1.一种防辐射的气凝胶毡，它包括纺织层、混合层、气凝胶层，其特征在于所述混合层由上下两层组成，中间包裹着气凝胶层，并在混合层外设有纺织层，通过复合工艺，将纺织层、混合层、气凝胶层进行复合成型，所述混合层由多片竹纤维条交叉编织而成，并在竹纤维板层缝隙之间填入细小的石墨块组成，其石墨块的厚度与竹纤维板层的的厚度相同，通过胶水进行粘合固定形成一块混合板层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的防辐射气凝胶毡，其特征在于所述纺织层由不锈钢纤维毡制作而成，其气凝胶层为碳基气凝胶。
3.根据权利要求1所述的防辐射气凝胶毡，其特征在于所述纺织层、混合层、气凝胶层的厚度均为1mm-10mm，通过复合后的厚度小于7mm。
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| CN115573175A (zh) * | 2022-09-22 | 2023-01-06 | 杭州鸿博辐照科技有限公司 | 耐γ射线辐射的薄膜及复合面料 |
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Inventor after: Min Peng Inventor after: Qin Ke Inventor after: Dai Huiwen Inventor after: Song Xuan Inventor after: Yin Dezhen Inventor after: Wang Guanchun Inventor after: Zhang Ruiqian Inventor after: Li Zhiping Inventor after: Zhang Zhendi Inventor before: Min Peng Inventor before: Qin Ke Inventor before: Dai Huiwen Inventor before: Song Xuan Inventor before: Yin Dezhen |