JPWO2016117567A1 - 分離材 - Google Patents
分離材 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JPWO2016117567A1 JPWO2016117567A1 JP2016570660A JP2016570660A JPWO2016117567A1 JP WO2016117567 A1 JPWO2016117567 A1 JP WO2016117567A1 JP 2016570660 A JP2016570660 A JP 2016570660A JP 2016570660 A JP2016570660 A JP 2016570660A JP WO2016117567 A1 JPWO2016117567 A1 JP WO2016117567A1
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- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- separation material
- porous polymer
- polymer particles
- amount
- hydroxyl group
- Prior art date
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- Granted
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 100
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- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- ZORQXIQZAOLNGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-difluorocyclohexane Chemical compound FC1(F)CCCCC1 ZORQXIQZAOLNGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
Description
例えば、多孔質高分子の細孔内に天然高分子ゲル等のゲルを保持した複合体が、ペプチド合成の分野で知られている(特許文献1参照)。特許文献1には、このような複合体を用いることにより、反応性物質の負荷係数を高め、高収率の合成が可能となることが記載されている。
[1] モノマ単位として、スチレン及びジビニルベンゼンの少なくとも一方を、モノマ全量基準で90質量%以上含む、多孔質ポリマ粒子と、該多孔質ポリマ粒子の表面の少なくとも一部を被覆する、水酸基を有する高分子を含む被覆層と、を備え、被覆層による被覆量が多孔質ポリマ粒子の単位比表面積当たり1〜15mg/m2である分離材。
[2] 上記分離材の表面における酸素元素比率が10〜50%である、[1]に記載の分離材。
[3] 上記水酸基を有する高分子が多糖類又はその変性体である、[1]又は[2]に記載の分離材。
[4] 上記多糖類がアガロース、キトサン、アルギン酸及びデキストランから選ばれる少なくとも一種である、[3]に記載の分離材。
[5] 水酸基を有する高分子が架橋されている、[1]〜[4]のいずれかに記載の分離材。
[6] 上記多孔質ポリマ粒子における比表面積が10m2/g以上である、[1]〜[5]のいずれかに記載の分離材。
[7] 上記多孔質ポリマ粒子の細孔径分布におけるモード径が0.05〜1μmである、[1]〜[6]のいずれかに記載の分離材。
[8] カラムと、該カラムに充填された上記[1]〜[7]のいずれかに記載の分離材とを備える、分離用カラム。
本実施形態の分離材は、多孔質ポリマ粒子と、該多孔質ポリマ粒子の表面の少なくとも一部を被覆する被覆層と、を備える。なお、本明細書中、「多孔質ポリマ粒子の表面」とは、多孔質ポリマ粒子の外側の表面のみでなく、多孔質ポリマ粒子の内部における細孔の表面を含むものとする。
本実施形態の多孔質ポリマ粒子は、多孔質化剤を含むモノマを硬化させた粒子であり、例えば、従来の懸濁重合、乳化重合等によって合成することができる。モノマ単位としては、スチレン及びジビニルベンゼンの少なくとも一方を、モノマ全量基準で90質量%以上含み、好ましくはジビニルベンゼンをモノマ全量基準で90質量%以上含む。所定量のスチレン又はジビニルベンゼンを含むことにより、耐圧性に優れる傾向にある。
モノマはさらに、以下のようなスチレン及びジビニルベンゼン以外の多官能性モノマ、単官能性モノマ等を含んでいてもよい。
1)粒子を、超音波分散装置を使用して水(界面活性剤等の分散剤を含む)に分散させ、1質量%の多孔質ポリマ粒子を含む分散液を調製する。
2)粒度分布計(シスメックスフロー、シスメックス株式会社製)を用いて、上記分散液中の粒子約1万個の画像により平均粒径及び粒径のC.V.(変動係数)を測定する。
本実施形態の被覆層は、所定量(被覆量)の水酸基を有する高分子を含む。所定量の水酸基を有する高分子で多孔質ポリマ粒子を被覆することによりカラム圧の上昇を抑制することができるとともに、タンパク質の非特異吸着を抑制することが可能となる上、分離材のタンパク質吸着量が良好となる傾向にある。さらに、水酸基を有する高分子が架橋されていると、カラム圧の上昇をより抑制することが可能となる。
水酸基を有する高分子は、1分子中に2個以上の水酸基を有することが好ましく、親水性高分子であることがより好ましい。水酸基を有する高分子としては、例えば、多糖類、ポリビニルアルコール等が挙げられる。多糖類としては、好ましくはアガロース、デキストラン、セルロース、キトサン、アルギン酸等が挙げられる。水酸基を有する高分子としては、例えば重量平均分子量1万〜20万程度のものが使用できる。
水酸基を有する高分子を含む被覆層は、例えば、以下に示す方法により形成することができる。
まず、水酸基を有する高分子の溶液を多孔質ポリマ粒子表面に吸着させる。水酸基を有する高分子の溶液の溶媒としては、水酸基を有する高分子を溶解することのできるものであれば、特に限定されないが、水が最も一般的である。溶媒に溶解させる高分子の濃度は、5〜20(mg/mL)が好ましい。
この溶液を、多孔質ポリマ粒子に含浸させる。含浸方法は、水酸基を有する高分子の溶液に多孔質ポリマ粒子を加えて一定時間放置する。含浸時間は多孔質体の表面状態によっても変わるが、通常一昼夜含浸すれば高分子濃度が多孔質体の内部で外部濃度と平衡状態となる。その後、水、アルコール等の溶媒で洗浄し、未吸着分の水酸基を有する高分子を除去する。
次いで、架橋剤を加えて多孔質ポリマ粒子表面に吸着された水酸基を有する高分子を架橋反応させて、架橋体を形成する。すなわち、分離材の水酸基を有する高分子は架橋されていてもよい。このとき、架橋体は、水酸基を有する3次元架橋網目構造を有する。
被覆層を備える分離材は、イオン交換基、リガンド(プロテインA)等を表面上の水酸基等を介して導入することによりイオン交換精製、アフィニティ精製等に使用することができる。イオン交換基の導入方法として、例えば、ハロゲン化アルキル化合物を用いる方法が挙げられる。
(吸湿後分離材質量−1)g/1g×100=吸湿度(%)
微小圧縮試験機(Fisher社製)を用いて、室温(25℃)条件にて荷重負荷速度1mN/秒で、四角柱の平滑な端面(50μm×50μm)により粒子を50mNまで圧縮したときの荷重及び圧縮変位を測定する。得られた測定値から、粒子が5%圧縮変形したときの圧縮弾性率(5%K値)を下記式により求めることができる。また、上記測定中の変位量が最も大きく変化する点の荷重を破壊強度(mN)とする。
5%K値(MPa)=(3/21/2)・F・S−3/2・R−1/2
F:架橋ポリマ粒子が40%圧縮変形したときの荷重(mN)
S:架橋ポリマ粒子が40%圧縮変形したときの圧縮変位(mm)
R:架橋ポリマ粒子の半径(mm)
<多孔質ポリマ粒子の合成>
500mLの三口フラスコに、純度96%のジビニルベンゼン(新日鉄住金化学株式会社製、商品名:DVB960)を16g、イソアミルアルコールを19.5g、ジエチルベンゼンを4.5g、及び過酸化ベンゾイルを0.64g加え、第三リン酸カルシウム(TCP)(0.5質量%)水溶液を調製した。この水溶液をマイクロプロセスサーバーを使用して乳化後、得られた乳化液をフラスコに移し、80℃のウォーターバスで加熱しながら、攪拌機を用いて約8時間攪拌した。得られた粒子をろ過後、アセトンで洗浄を行った。最後に酸性水溶液でTCPを溶解させ、多孔質ポリマ粒子1を得た。得られた粒子の比表面積、及び細孔径分布におけるモード径を水銀圧入法で、平均粒径をフロー型粒径測定装置で測定した。その結果を表1に示す。
アガロース水溶液(2質量%)100mLに水酸化ナトリウム4g、グリシジルフェニルエーテル0.14gを投入し、70℃で12時間反応させ、アガロースにフェニル基を導入した。得られた変性アガロースをイソプロピルアルコールで再沈殿させ、洗浄した。
200mg/mLの変性アガロース水溶液に多孔質ポリマ粒子1を、水溶液70mLに対して多孔質ポリマ粒子1を1gの割合で投入し、50℃で24時間攪拌させ、多孔質ポリマ粒子1に変性アガロースを吸着させた。吸着後、ろ過を行い、熱水で8時間洗浄した。
その結果を表1に示す。
変性アガロースは次のように架橋した。エチレングリコールジグリシジルエーテル及び水酸化ナトリウムの濃度がそれぞれ0.64M、0.4Mである水溶液に、水溶液35mLに対して変性アガロースが吸着した多孔質ポリマ粒子1を1gの割合で投入し、24時間室温にて攪拌した。その後、熱した2質量%のドデシル硫酸ナトリウム水溶液で洗浄後、純水で洗浄し、乾燥させることで分離材を得た。
多孔質ポリマ粒子へのアガロースの吸着量の測定について、熱分解による重量減少による分析を行った。多孔質ポリマ粒子、変性アガロース、及び上記被覆層の形成及び架橋で得られた粒子(分離材)それぞれ10mgを30℃から900℃まで加温した。多孔質ポリマ粒子は500℃、変性アガロースは300℃で熱分解することが分かったので、この2つのデータから変性アガロース被覆多孔質ポリマ粒子の変性アガロース被覆量を概算した。
具体的には、熱重量分析により、変性アガロース及び多孔質ポリマ粒子の重量減少を測定し、多孔質ポリマ粒子1g当たりの変性アガロース量を算出した。ここで算出した多孔質ポリマ粒子1g当たりの変性アガロース量を比表面積で割ることによって、単位比表面積当たりの被覆量を算出した(下記式(1)参照)。その結果を表1に示す。
単位比表面積あたりの被覆量[mg/m2]=(水酸基を有する高分子の重量減少量[%])/(多孔質ポリマ粒子の重量減少量[%])/(比表面積[m2/g])×1000 …式(1)
まず、既知濃度のBSA(牛血清アルブミン)水溶液で検量線を作成した(0〜0.4%)。上記被覆層の形成及び架橋で得られた粒子(分離材)200mgを20℃の水に12時間浸して膨潤した。その膨潤粒子と水10mLをバイヤル瓶に秤量した。100mLメスフラスコに、BSAを秤量し、リン酸食塩緩衝液(pH=7.1)で溶解し、12mg/mL及び24mg/mLのBSA水溶液を調製した。これらのBSA溶液10mLを上記の粒子溶液に添加し、25℃にて24時間ミックスロータで攪拌した。この溶液の上澄み10mLを10倍に希釈し、吸光度(280nm)を測定し、分離材へのBSA吸着量を非特異吸着量として算出した。その結果を表2に示す。
上記被覆層の形成及び架橋で得られた粒子(分離材)を、乾燥機で70℃、12時間乾燥させた後、粒子表面の酸素元素比率を下記XPS(X線光電子分光)装置で測定した。その結果を表1に示す。
また、同様の方法で粒子を乾燥させた後、乳鉢で粒子を磨り潰して、粒子内部の酸素元素比率を下記XPS装置で測定した。その結果を表1に示す。
なお、酸素元素比率は、酸素元素に由来するピーク強度を、水素元素以外の元素のピーク強度で割り算することにより、算出した。
XPS装置:アルバック・ファイ社製 PHI 5000 VersaProbeII
X線:単色化AIkα線 (1486.6eV))
分析面積:200μm2
分析深度:50Å
上記被覆層の形成及び架橋で得られた粒子(分離材)を、遠心分離により水を除去した後、5M水酸化ナトリウム水溶液20mLと5Mジエチルアミノエチル塩酸塩水溶液20mLとを混合した液に投入し、70℃で12時間攪拌した。反応終了後、ろ過、水洗し、ジエチルアミノエチル(DEAE)基をイオン交換基として有するDEAE変性分離材を得た。
得られたDEAE変性分離材200mgを20℃の水に12時間浸して膨潤した。その膨潤分離材と水10mLをバイヤル瓶に秤量した。100mLメスフラスコに、牛血清アルブミン(BSA)を秤量し、リン酸食塩緩衝液(pH=7.1)で溶解し、1.2mg/mL及び12mg/mLのBSA水溶液を調製した。このBSA溶液10mLを、上記膨潤分離材を秤量したバイヤル瓶に添加し、25℃にて24時間ミックスロータで攪拌した。この溶液の上澄み10mLを10倍に希釈し、吸光度(280nm)を測定し、DEAE変性分離材へのBSA吸着量(結合容量)を計算した。その結果を表2に示す。
タンパク質回収率=(タンパク質脱着後吸光度―タンパク質脱着前吸光度)/(タンパク質吸着後吸光度―タンパク質吸着前吸光度) …式(2)
12時間以上水で膨潤させたDEAE変性分離材0.2〜0.3gを定量し、ビーカに移し、0.1Nの水酸化ナトリウム溶液20mLを入れ、攪拌した。その後、吸引ろ過を行い、フィルタ上の粒子を、洗浄液が中性になるまで洗浄した。その後、ビーカに移し、0.1N塩酸水溶液20mLを添加し、室温で1時間攪拌した。その後、吸引ろ過を行い、フィルタ上の粒子を、洗浄液が中性になるまで洗浄した。この洗浄液を、0.1N水酸化ナトリウム水溶液で、自動電位差滴定装置を使用して、滴定を行い、イオン交換容量を測定した。その結果を表2に示す。
得られたDEAE変性分離材をφ7.8×300mmのステンレスカラムに濃度30質量%のスラリー(溶媒:メタノール)として15分かけて充填した。その後、カラムに流速を変えながら水を流し、線流速とカラム圧の関係を測定し、0.3MPa時の線流速(通液速度)を測定した。その結果を表1に示す。
<被覆層の形成及び架橋>において、エチレングリコールジグリシジルエーテルに代えて、エピクロロヒドリンを使用した以外は実施例1と同様にして、合成及び評価を行った。
<多孔質ポリマ粒子の合成>において、イソアミルアルコール及びジエチルベンゼンの使用量を、それぞれ16g、8gに変更した以外は実施例2と同様にして、合成及び評価を行った。
多孔質ポリマ粒子1をそのまま用いて、実施例1と同様の評価を行った。
<被覆層の形成及び架橋>において、変性アガロース水溶液の濃度を20mg/mLに変更した以外は実施例1と同様にして、合成及び評価を行った。
市販のアガロース粒子(Capto DEAE:GEヘルスケア)を比較例3として使用し、実施例1と同様の評価を行った。
Claims (8)
- モノマ単位として、スチレン及びジビニルベンゼンの少なくとも一方を、モノマ全量基準で90質量%以上含む、多孔質ポリマ粒子と、
該多孔質ポリマ粒子の表面の少なくとも一部を被覆する、水酸基を有する高分子を含む被覆層と、を備え、
前記被覆層による被覆量が、前記多孔質ポリマ粒子の単位比表面積当たり1〜15mg/m2である分離材。 - 前記分離材の表面における酸素元素比率が10〜50%である、請求項1に記載の分離材。
- 前記水酸基を有する高分子が多糖類又はその変性体である、請求項1又は2に記載の分離材。
- 前記多糖類がアガロース、キトサン、アルギン酸及びデキストランから選ばれる少なくとも一種である、請求項3に記載の分離材。
- 前記水酸基を有する高分子が架橋されている、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の分離材。
- 前記多孔質ポリマ粒子における比表面積が10m2/g以上である、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の分離材。
- 前記多孔質ポリマ粒子の細孔径分布におけるモード径が0.05〜1μmである、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の分離材。
- カラムと、該カラムに充填された請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の分離材とを備える、分離用カラム。
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