JPWO2016075798A1 - リチウムイオン二次電池用負極活物質、およびリチウムイオン二次電池 - Google Patents
リチウムイオン二次電池用負極活物質、およびリチウムイオン二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 107
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 105
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 105
- 239000005543 nano-size silicon particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 94
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/386—Silicon or alloys based on silicon
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
- H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
Description
(実施例1)
以下、実施例を挙げて本発明をさらに具体的に説明するが,本発明はこれらの実施例に限定されるものではない。
(粉砕工程)
シリコンナノ粒子101をバルク状のシリコン材料をビーズミルにより粉砕し、作製した。イソプロピルアルコール500mLにシリコン粒子100gを加えて、良く撹拌した後、直径300μmのジルコニアビーズ200gを装填したビーズミル装置を用いて、周速100mL/minで、90min粉砕した。
(シリコンナノワイヤ成長工程)
シリコンナノワイヤ102は、シリコンナノ粒子を基材とした熱気相成長法によりシリコンナノ粒子の表面に結合した形態で、作製することが可能である。その他、各種の成長法により作製することが可能である。
(炭素被覆工程)
その後、両水素ラインを閉じ、アルゴンガスを200mL/minの流速で流し、10℃/minの速度で降温し、800℃まで降温した。800℃に達したところで、プロピレンガスを10mL/minの流速で導入し、同時にアルゴンガスの流速を190mL/minにして、炭素被覆層を1時間成長した。
(リチウムイオン二次電池の作製)
図13は、上記のように作製したシリコンナノワイヤ−シリコンナノ粒子負極活物質を用いたリチウムイオン二次電池1800の概念図である。
(評価)
図19には、本発明のシリコンナノ粒子とシリコンナノワイヤの複合材料を単独で電極活物質として用い、対極リチウムのコイン電池により、寿命特性を評価した結果を示す。寿命特性は、1、10、50、100、200サイクル後の放電容量、容量の維持率(1サイクル目を100とする)により評価した。
(実施例2)
実施例2では、バルク状のシリコン材料を遊星ボールミルにより粉砕してシリコンナノ粒子を作製した。他は実施例1と同様にシリコンナノワイヤ−シリコンナノ粒子負極活物質の作製、電池の作製、および評価を行った。
(粉砕工程)
容量45mLのジルコニア容器に、2gのシリコン粒子と20gのジルコニアビーズ(直径100μm)を加え、イソプロピルアルコール6mLを加えて、回転数1100rpmで80min粉砕した。
(比較例)
比較のために、シリコンナノ粒子を単独で電極活物質として用いた電池の作製および、評価を行った。負極の作製以外は、実施例1と同様に電池の作製、および評価を行った。
102 シリコンナノワイヤ
103 炭素被覆層
1800 リチウムイオン二次電池
1801 正極
1802 セパレータ
1803 負極
1804 電池缶
1805 正極集電タブ
1806 負極集電タブ
1807 内蓋
1808 圧力開放弁
1809 ガスケット、
1810 正温度係数抵抗素子(PTC素子)
1811 電池蓋
Claims (10)
- シリコンナノ粒子とシリコンナノワイヤを有する、リチウムイオン二次電池用負極材料において、
前記シリコンナノ粒子とシリコンナノワイヤが結合しているリチウムイオン二次電池用負極材料。 - 請求項1において、
前記シリコンナノ粒子の直径は、1〜100nmであり、前記シリコンナノワイヤの直径が、1〜100nmであるリチウムイオン二次電池用負極。 - 請求項2において、
前記シリコンナノ粒子の直径は、1〜30nmであり、前記シリコンナノワイヤの直径が、1〜30nmであるリチウムイオン二次電池用負極 - 請求項1において、
前記シリコンナノ粒子または前記シリコンナノワイヤの表面が、炭素被膜層で覆われているリチウムイオン二次電池用負極活物質。 - 請求項4において、前記炭素被覆層が、ナノグラフェン構造を有する、リチウムイオン二次電池用負極活物質。
- 請求項4または請求項5において、
前記炭素被覆層の膜厚が、0.5〜100nmであるリチウムイオン二次電池用負極活物質。 - 請求項1乃至7のいずれかのリチウムイオン二次電池用負極活物質と、炭素を主成分とする材料とを混合したリチウムイオン二次電池用負極活物質。
- 請求項7において、前記炭素を主成分とした材料が、天然黒鉛、人造黒鉛、アモルファス炭素で被覆した天然黒鉛、アモルファス炭素で被覆した人造黒鉛、ナノ粒子状炭素、カーボンナノチューブ、ナノカーボンのいずれかであるリチウムイオン二次電池用負極活物質。
- 請求項7または請求項8において、
前記シリコンナノ粒子とシリコンナノワイヤとの総重量に対する前記シリコンナノ粒子の割合は、5〜95wt%であるリチウムイオン二次電池用負極活物質。 - 正極と負極とを有するリチウムイオン二次電池において、
前記負極は、負極合剤を有し、
前記負極合剤は、請求項1ないし請求項10のいずれかに記載のリチウムイオン二次電池負極活物質を含むリチウムイオン二次電池。
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