JPWO2016031714A1 - 焼結体、焼結体を用いた工具、および焼結体の製造方法 - Google Patents
焼結体、焼結体を用いた工具、および焼結体の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JPWO2016031714A1 JPWO2016031714A1 JP2016545494A JP2016545494A JPWO2016031714A1 JP WO2016031714 A1 JPWO2016031714 A1 JP WO2016031714A1 JP 2016545494 A JP2016545494 A JP 2016545494A JP 2016545494 A JP2016545494 A JP 2016545494A JP WO2016031714 A1 JPWO2016031714 A1 JP WO2016031714A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
- B23B27/14—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract
Description
最初に、本発明の実施形態を列挙して説明する。
以下、本願発明の実施形態について詳細に説明する。
第1の実施形態に係る焼結体は、Ti、Al、Si、OおよびNからなる第1化合物を含む焼結体である。ここで、焼結体とはバルクであって、塊状の形状を有するものであり、薄膜(被膜)とはその形状が異なる。また、焼結体と薄膜とはその形状が異なることによって、その特性のみならず、その使用目的、製造方法も異なる。なお、一般的に薄膜の厚みは5μm程度であり、また、100μm以上の厚みを有する薄膜は実質的に製造できないのに対し、焼結体の厚みは100μm以上とすることができる。
第2の実施形態に係る工具は、第1の実施形態に係る焼結体を用いた工具である。上述のように、Ti、Al、Si、OおよびNからなる第1化合物を含む焼結体は、硬度、耐欠損性および耐酸化性といった特性に優れるため、これを用いた工具もまた、これらの特性に優れることとなる。
第3の実施形態に係る焼結体の製造方法は、Ti、AlおよびSiの各元素を含む第1粒子を準備する工程(準備工程)と、第1粒子を処理して、Ti、Al、Si、OおよびNの各元素からなる第2粒子を作製する工程(処理工程)と、第2粒子を焼結して、Ti、Al、Si、OおよびNからなる第1化合物を含む焼結体を作製する工程(焼結工程)と、を備える。また、上記処理工程は、第1粒子を加熱する工程(加熱工程)と、加熱後の第1粒子を急冷する工程(急冷工程)とを備える。以下、各工程について、図1および図2を用いながら説明する。
図1を参照し、まず、ステップS1の準備工程において、Ti、AlおよびSiの各元素を含む第1粒子を準備する。
次に、図1のステップS2の処理工程において、第1粒子を処理して、Ti、Al、Si、OおよびNの各元素からなる第2粒子を作製する。本工程は、第1粒子を加熱する工程(加熱工程)と、加熱後の第1粒子を急冷する工程(急冷工程)とを備える。これについて、図2を用いながら説明する。
加熱温度:1500℃以上2000℃以下
気圧:0.1気圧以上
加熱時間:1時間以上。
加熱温度:2000℃以上3000℃以下
気圧:1.0気圧以上
加熱時間:3秒以上。
加熱温度:2000℃以上5000℃以下
気圧:0.1気圧以上
加熱時間:0.5秒以上。
次に図1のステップS3の焼結工程において、第2粒子を焼結して、Ti、Al、Si、OおよびNからなる第1化合物を含む焼結体を作製する。
第4の実施形態に係る焼結体の製造方法は、図3に示すように、焼結工程の前に、処理工程により作製された第2粒子と第3粒子とを混合する工程(混合工程)を備える点で、第3の実施形態と異なる。以下、図3を用いながらこの混合工程について説明する。なお、図3におけるステップS31の準備工程、ステップS32の処理工程、およびステップS34の焼結工程は、第3の実施形態のステップS1〜S3のそれぞれと同様であるため、その説明は繰り返さない。
図3を参照し、ステップS33の混合工程において、ステップS32の処理工程により得られた第2粒子と、第2粒子と組成の異なる第3粒子とが混合される。
上述の準備工程、および処理工程を実行することにより、Ti、Al、Si、OおよびNからなる第2粒子を作製し、その特性について評価した。
(準備工程)
第1粒子として、下記表1に示す原料粒子A、原料粒子Bおよび原料粒子Cとが混合された原料粒子を準備した。たとえば、実施例1においては、原料粒子AとしてのTi粒子、原料粒子BとしてのAl粒子、および原料粒子CとしてのSi粒子を、混合割合(原料粒子A:原料粒子B:原料粒子C)が質量比で80:10:10となるように混合させることにより、第1粒子を準備した。なお、実施例1〜58において準備された各第1粒子の平均粒径は、表1に示す通りであった。そして、準備した各第1粒子を加圧成形することにより、第1粒子からなる成形体を作製した。
次に、作製された成形体を用いて処理工程を実行することにより、Ti、Al、Si、OおよびNからなる第2粒子を作製した。各実施例における処理工程としては、(1)カーボンヒータ等の熱源を用いて所望の雰囲気下の反応室内で第1粒子を加熱し、続いて雰囲気ガスを排気した後、Arなどの冷却ガスを導入する方法(表2において「ガス急冷」と示す)、(2)第1粒子を所望の雰囲気下の反応室内で燃焼合成させる方法(表2において「燃焼合成」と示す)、(3)第1粒子を所望の雰囲気下の反応室内で高温プラズマ中に通過させる方法(表2において「高温プラズマ」と示す)のいずれかの方法を用いた。各実施例における処理工程の条件を下記表2に示す。
比較例1においては、TiNからなる粉末を作製し、比較例2においては、TiAlNからなる粉末を作製した。具体的には、比較例1において、粒径が1μmのTiN(原子比は1:0.97)粒子を準備した。また、比較例2において、粒径が1μmのAlTiN(原子比は0.5:0.5:1)粒子を準備した。
実施例1〜58の各粒子の組成、ならびに、実施例1〜58、比較例1および2の各粒子の耐酸化性について確認した。
実施例1〜58で得られた第2粒子に含まれる生成物(化合物)およびTiAlSiON化合物の含有率(体積%)を表3に示す。含有される各生成物のうち、TiAlSiON化合物以外の化合物の組成は、粒子の断面および表面をXRD(X‐ray diffraction)装置で分析することにより同定し、TiAlSiON化合物の組成は、EDX(エネルギー分散型X線分光法)を行うことにより算出した。また得られた粉末の断面が観察できるように加工を行い、走査型電子顕微鏡で粉末の断面を観察し、粉末中の色の濃淡でTiSiAlON化合物を判別した。その際、予め元素分析により、各化合物を特定した。さらにその視野に対し、二値化処理を行い、TiSiAlON化合物を定量化した。
各実施例1〜58、比較例1および2の各粒子を、それぞれ0.5mgずつ秤量した各試験体を準備した。この各試験体を大気雰囲気下で室温(25℃)から1400℃まで徐々に昇温しながら示差熱分析を行った。そして、各試験体の重量変化が確認された最も低い温度を酸化開始温度とした。各実施例1〜58の結果を表3に示す。
上述の実施例1、11、27の各粒子および比較例1、2の各粒子をそれぞれ第2粒子とし、第2粒子と第3粒子とを混合する混合工程と、焼結工程を実行することにより、焼結体を作製し、その特性について評価した。
(混合工程)
実施例61〜125および比較例3〜6では、表4および表5に示す第2粒子と第3粒子とを用いて混合工程を実行した。表5を参照し、たとえば、実施例61では、実施例1において作製された第2粒子と立方晶窒化ホウ素(cBN)からなる第3粒子とを、混合割合(第2粒子:第3粒子)が体積比で50:50となるように混合させることにより、混合粒子を準備した。
次に、得られた混合粒子をタンタル製のカプセルに充填し、プレス機を用いて、下記表4および表5に示す圧力、温度および焼結時間で、焼結処理を行った。
実施例61〜125および比較例3〜6の各焼結体の組成、耐摩耗性、耐欠損性について確認した。
実施例61〜125および比較例3〜6で得られた焼結体に含まれる生成物(化合物、金属)およびTiAlSiON化合物の含有率(体積%)を表6に、TiNまたはTiAlNの含有率(体積%)を表7に示す。含有される各生成物のうち、TiAlSiON化合物以外の化合物の組成は、焼結体の断面および表面をXRD(X‐ray diffraction)装置で分析することにより同定し、TiAlSiON化合物の組成は、EDX(エネルギー分散型X線分光法)を行うことにより算出した。また得られた焼結体の断面が観察できるように加工を行い、走査型電子顕微鏡で焼結体の断面を観察し、焼結体中の色の濃淡でTiSiAlON化合物を判別した。その際、予め元素分析により、各化合物を特定した。さらにその視野に対し、二値化処理を行い、TiSiAlON化合物を定量化した。
実施例61〜125および比較例3〜6の焼結体のそれぞれの耐摩耗性および耐欠損性について以下の方法により評価した。
(形状:丸棒に1cm間隔に幅2mmの溝をつけたもの)
切削速度:100m/min.
送り速度:0.1mm/rev
切込み量:0.1mm
切削油:なし
切削距離:4km。
Claims (8)
- Ti、Al、Si、OおよびNからなる第1化合物を含む、焼結体。
- 前記第1化合物は、Ti(1-a-b)AlaSibOxNyを含み、
前記Ti(1-a-b)AlaSibOxNyにおけるa、b、xおよびyは、それぞれ、0.01≦a≦0.70、0.01≦b≦0.55、0.06≦a+b≦0.88、0.005≦x≦0.6、0.4≦y≦0.995、および0.5<x+y≦1を満たす、請求項1に記載の焼結体。 - 前記焼結体における第1化合物の含有量は、10体積%以上100体積%以下である、請求項1または請求項2に記載の焼結体。
- 前記焼結体は、第2化合物、第3化合物、第4化合物および第1金属からなる群より選択される1種以上をさらに含み、
前記第2化合物は立方晶窒化ホウ素であり、
前記第3化合物は、AlおよびSiの1種以上の元素と、B、C、N、およびOからなる群より選択される1種以上の元素との化合物であり、
前記第4化合物は、周期表の第4族元素、第5族元素および第6族元素からなる群より選択される1種以上の元素と、B、C、N、およびOからなる群より選択される1種以上の元素との化合物であり、
前記第1金属は、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Co、Ni、Cu、Al、Sn、Si、Zr、Nb、Mo、Ag、Hf、Ta、WおよびPbからなる群より選ばれる1種以上からなる金属である、請求項1から請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の焼結体。 - 請求項1から請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の焼結体を用いた工具。
- Ti、AlおよびSiの各元素を含む第1粒子を準備する工程と、
前記第1粒子を処理して、Ti、Al、Si、OおよびNの各元素からなる第2粒子を作製する工程と、
前記第2粒子を焼結して、Ti、Al、Si、OおよびNからなる第1化合物を含む焼結体を作製する工程と、を備え、
前記第2粒子を作製する工程は、
前記第1粒子を加熱する工程と、加熱後の前記第1粒子を急冷する工程と、を備える、焼結体の製造方法。 - 前記焼結体を作製する工程の前に、前記第2粒子と第3粒子とを混合する工程を含み、
前記第3粒子は、第5化合物、第6化合物、第7化合物および第2金属からなる群より選択される1種以上からなる粒子であり、
前記第5化合物は、立方晶窒化ホウ素であり、
前記第6化合物は、AlおよびSiの1種以上の元素と、B、C、N、およびOからなる群より選択される1種以上の元素との化合物であり、
前記第7化合物は、周期表の第4族元素、第5族元素および第6族元素からなる群より選択される1種以上の元素と、B、C、N、およびOからなる群より選択される1種以上の元素との化合物であり、
前記第2金属は、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Co、Ni、Cu、Al、Sn、Si、Zr、Nb、Mo、Ag、Hf、Ta、WおよびPbからなる群より選択される1種以上からなる金属である、請求項6に記載の焼結体の製造方法。 - 前記混合する工程は、前記第2粒子と前記第3粒子との混合粒子における前記第3粒子の含有量を90体積%以下として実行する、請求項7に記載の焼結体の製造方法。
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