JPWO2015186321A1 - リチウム複合金属酸化物部とホウ素含有部とを有する材料及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
リチウム複合金属酸化物部とホウ素含有部とを有する材料及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JPWO2015186321A1 JPWO2015186321A1 JP2016525682A JP2016525682A JPWO2015186321A1 JP WO2015186321 A1 JPWO2015186321 A1 JP WO2015186321A1 JP 2016525682 A JP2016525682 A JP 2016525682A JP 2016525682 A JP2016525682 A JP 2016525682A JP WO2015186321 A1 JPWO2015186321 A1 JP WO2015186321A1
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- Prior art keywords
- metal oxide
- composite metal
- lithium composite
- boron
- lithium
- Prior art date
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical group 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
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- 150000001639 boron compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 43
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
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- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
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- QLVWOKQMDLQXNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)OCCCC QLVWOKQMDLQXNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WUIZKPVTTNNYHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutylborinic acid Chemical compound CCCCB(O)CCCC WUIZKPVTTNNYHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- LGQXXHMEBUOXRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyl borate Chemical compound CCCCOB(OCCCC)OCCCC LGQXXHMEBUOXRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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Abstract
Description
a)層状岩塩構造の一般式:LiaNibCocMndDeOf(0.2≦a≦2、b+c+d+e=1、0≦e<1、DはFe、Cr、Cu、Zn、Ca、Mg、Zr、S、Si、Na、K、Al、Ti、P、Ga、Ge、V、Mo、Nb、W、La、Hf、Rfから選ばれる少なくとも1の元素、1.7≦f≦3) で表されるリチウム複合金属酸化物を準備する工程、
b)前記リチウム複合金属酸化物をホウ素化合物溶液に分散させた分散液を調製する工程、
c)前記分散液の液温を低くして、前記リチウム複合金属酸化物の表面にホウ素化合物を付着させる工程、
d)前記c)工程を経たリチウム複合金属酸化物を400℃以上で加熱する工程、
を含むことを特徴とする。
参考までに、NiB、CoB、Co2B、MnB2の導電率を表1に示す。
正極および負極に必要に応じてセパレータを挟装させ電極体とする。電極体は、正極、セパレータ及び負極を重ねた積層型、又は、正極、セパレータ及び負極を捲いた捲回型のいずれの型にしても良い。正極の集電体および負極の集電体から、外部に通ずる正極端子および負極端子までの間を、集電用リード等を用いて接続した後に、電極体に電解液を加えてリチウムイオン二次電池とするとよい。また、本発明のリチウムイオン二次電池は、電極に含まれる活物質の種類に適した電圧範囲で充放電を実行されればよい。
以下のとおり、実施例1の材料を製造した。
a)工程
リチウム複合金属酸化物として、層状岩塩構造のLiNi5/10Co3/10Mn2/10O2を準備した。
b)工程
上記リチウム複合金属酸化物100gを純水150mLに加えて、撹拌し、分散液とした。この分散液のpHは11であった。撹拌条件下、上記分散液にB2O33.8gを加え、分散液の温度を40℃まで昇温し、B2O3を溶解させた。以上の作業により、リチウム複合金属酸化物をホウ素化合物溶液に分散させた分散液を調製した。
c)工程
撹拌条件下、リチウム複合金属酸化物をホウ素化合物溶液に分散させた分散液の液温を25℃まで徐々に低下させ、前記リチウム複合金属酸化物の表面にホウ素化合物を付着させた。25℃で分散液を10分撹拌した後に、分散液を濾過し、表面にホウ素化合物が付着した粉末状のリチウム複合金属酸化物を分離した。
d)工程
上記リチウム複合金属酸化物を475℃で5時間加熱して、実施例1の材料を得た。
正極用集電体として厚み20μmのアルミニウム箔を準備した。活物質として実施例1の材料を94質量部、導電助剤として3質量部のアセチレンブラック、および結着剤として3質量部のポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)を混合した。この混合物を適量のN−メチル−2−ピロリドン(NMP)に分散させて、スラリーを作製した。上記アルミニウム箔の表面に上記スラリーをのせ、ドクターブレードを用いてスラリーが膜状になるように塗布した。スラリーを塗布したアルミニウム箔を80℃で20分間乾燥することで、NMPを揮発により除去し、アルミニウム箔表面に活物質層を形成させた。表面に活物質層を形成させたアルミニウム箔を、ロ−ルプレス機を用いて圧縮し、アルミニウム箔と活物質層とを強固に密着接合させた。接合物を120℃で6時間、真空乾燥機で加熱し、所定の形状(25mm×30mmの矩形状)に切り取り、正極とした。
グラファイト98.3質量部と、結着剤としてスチレン−ブタジエンゴム1質量部及びカルボキシメチルセルロース0.7質量部とを混合し、この混合物を適量のイオン交換水に分散させてスラリーを作製した。このスラリーを負極用集電体である厚み20μmの銅箔にドクターブレードを用いて膜状になるように塗布し、スラリーを塗布した集電体を乾燥後プレスし、接合物を120℃で6時間、真空乾燥機で加熱し、所定の形状(25mm×30mmの矩形状)に切り取り、負極とした。
以上の工程で、実施例1のリチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。
d)工程において、475℃での加熱の前に、325℃で5時間の予備加熱を追加した以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で、実施例2の材料及びリチウムイオン二次電池を得た。
d)工程において、400℃で加熱した以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で、実施例3の材料を得た。
d)工程において、600℃で加熱した以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で、実施例4の材料を得た。
d)工程において、750℃で加熱した以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で、実施例5の材料を得た。
d)工程において、475℃での加熱を行わず、代わりに350℃で5時間の加熱を行った以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で、比較例1の材料及びリチウムイオン二次電池を得た。
d)工程において、250℃で加熱した以外は、比較例1と同様の方法で、比較例2の材料を得た。
実施例1〜5、比較例1〜2の材料につき、X線光電子分光法(XPS)にて、表面分析を行った。実施例1の材料については、d)工程前のリチウム複合金属酸化物についても同様の分析を行った。
実施例1の材料につき、走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)を用いて、表面観察を行った。実施例1の材料のSEM写真を図1に示す。
図1から、実施例1の材料の表面には凹凸がほとんど観察されなかった。実施例1の材料において、B2O3はリチウム複合金属酸化物の表面を均一に被覆していることが示唆された。
実施例2の材料における1次粒子(SEM写真で1粒と認識できる粒子)につき、イオンスライサー(EM−09100IS、日本電子株式会社製)を用いたArイオンミリング法にて断面を形成させ、該断面を、環状明視野走査透過電子顕微鏡(ABF−STEM)で観察した。得られたABF−STEM像を図2に示す。
EELSでの分析結果からも、B2O3層と、ホウ素と遷移金属の混在層との存在が裏付けられた。
a)工程で準備したLiNi5/10Co3/10Mn2/10O2について、同様の分析を行ったところ、1次粒子のエッジ部分から内部にわたり、Niの元素比が最も高く、次にCoであり、Mnが最も低かった。この結果は、LiNi5/10Co3/10Mn2/10O2の組成比と合致している。
本発明の材料においては、表面の遷移金属組成が、内部の遷移金属組成と異なるといえる。詳細には、本発明の材料においては、表面のCo比が内部のCo比よりも高く、表面のNi比が内部のNi比よりも低いといえる。本発明の製造方法の過程で、材料の表面の遷移金属組成が再構成されたといえる。
以下のとおり、実施例1〜2、比較例1のリチウムイオン二次電池の初期容量を測定した。測定する電池に対し、25℃、0.33Cレート、電圧4.5VでCCCV充電(定電流定電圧充電)し、そして、電圧3.0Vまで0.33CレートでCC放電(定電流放電)を行ったときの放電容量を測定し、これを初期容量とした。
容量維持率(%)=100×サイクル後容量/初期容量
結果を表3に示す。
実施例1〜2、比較例1のリチウムイオン二次電池につき、以下のとおり、放電抵抗を測定した。電位差3.56Vの電池に対し、2.5Cレートで10秒間の放電を行った。放電抵抗(Ω)は以下の式で求めた。結果を表4に示す。
放電抵抗(Ω)=|放電前の電圧−放電後の電圧|/電流値
Claims (8)
- a)層状岩塩構造の一般式:LiaNibCocMndDeOf(0.2≦a≦2、b+c+d+e=1、0≦e<1、DはFe、Cr、Cu、Zn、Ca、Mg、Zr、S、Si、Na、K、Al、Ti、P、Ga、Ge、V、Mo、Nb、W、La、Hf、Rfから選ばれる少なくとも1の元素、1.7≦f≦3) で表されるリチウム複合金属酸化物を準備する工程、
b)前記リチウム複合金属酸化物をホウ素化合物溶液に分散させた分散液を調製する工程、
c)前記分散液の液温を低くして、前記リチウム複合金属酸化物の表面にホウ素化合物を付着させる工程、
d)前記c)工程を経たリチウム複合金属酸化物を400℃以上で加熱する工程、
を含むことを特徴とする、
前記リチウム複合金属酸化物の表面に、B−Ni結合、B−Co結合又はB−Mn結合のいずれかの結合を有するホウ素含有部が形成された材料の製造方法。 - 前記d)工程の加熱温度が400℃〜700℃以下である、請求項1に記載の材料の製造方法。
- 前記d)工程において、400℃以上での加熱の前に、200℃以上400℃未満での予備加熱を行う、請求項1又は2に記載の材料の製造方法。
- 前記ホウ素含有部の層の厚みt(nm)が0<t<30である請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の材料の製造方法。
- 層状岩塩構造の一般式:LiaNibCocMndDeOf(0.2≦a≦2、b+c+d+e=1、0≦e<1、DはFe、Cr、Cu、Zn、Ca、Mg、Zr、S、Si、Na、K、Al、Ti、P、Ga、Ge、V、Mo、Nb、W、La、Hf、Rfから選ばれる少なくとも1の元素、1.7≦f≦3) で表されるリチウム複合金属酸化物部と、
前記リチウム複合金属酸化物の表面に形成され、B−Ni結合、B−Co結合又はB−Mn結合のいずれかの結合を有するホウ素含有部と、
を有することを特徴とする材料。 - 前記ホウ素含有部の層の厚みt(nm)が0<t<30である請求項5に記載の材料。
- 請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の製造方法で得られる材料からなる、又は、請求項5若しくは6に記載の材料からなる活物質。
- 請求項7に記載の前記活物質を具備するリチウムイオン二次電池。
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US12107268B2 (en) | 2020-03-05 | 2024-10-01 | Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. | Composite positive electrode active material for lithium secondary battery, preparation method thereof, and lithium secondary battery including positive electrode including the same |
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JP6944499B2 (ja) * | 2015-12-21 | 2021-10-06 | 住友化学株式会社 | 正極活物質、リチウムイオン二次電池用正極およびリチウムイオン二次電池 |
JP6862727B2 (ja) * | 2016-09-13 | 2021-04-21 | 住友金属鉱山株式会社 | 非水系電解質二次電池用正極活物質とその製造方法、および該正極活物質を用いた非水系電解質二次電池 |
WO2019074305A2 (ko) * | 2017-10-12 | 2019-04-18 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 리튬 이차전지용 양극 활물질, 이의 제조방법, 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지용 양극 및 리튬 이차전지 |
KR102213174B1 (ko) * | 2017-10-12 | 2021-02-05 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 리튬 이차전지용 양극 활물질, 이의 제조방법, 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지용 양극 및 리튬 이차전지 |
KR102288290B1 (ko) * | 2018-02-23 | 2021-08-10 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 이차전지용 양극 활물질, 그 제조방법 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 |
JP7107196B2 (ja) * | 2018-12-04 | 2022-07-27 | 株式会社豊田自動織機 | 二次電池 |
CN115699363A (zh) * | 2020-06-12 | 2023-02-03 | 艾可普罗 Bm 有限公司 | 正极活性物质及包括其的锂二次电池 |
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CN115084516B (zh) * | 2021-07-28 | 2024-05-07 | 天津润光恒科技开发有限公司 | 一种硼基多元素复合材料的制备方法 |
KR102669346B1 (ko) * | 2021-10-01 | 2024-05-28 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 리튬 이차전지용 양극 활물질의 제조 방법 및 이에 의하여 제조된 양극 활물질 |
CN114613988B (zh) * | 2022-04-01 | 2022-09-20 | 湖南桑瑞新材料有限公司 | 一种高稳定性三元正极材料的制备方法、三元正极材料及锂离子电池 |
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