JPWO2014103480A1 - 二次電池用の電極材料及びその製造方法、並びに、二次電池 - Google Patents
二次電池用の電極材料及びその製造方法、並びに、二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 110
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 80
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 70
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 66
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 31
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000004438 BET method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- JDZCKJOXGCMJGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[S] Chemical compound [Li].[S] JDZCKJOXGCMJGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 57
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 21
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 21
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 20
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- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 17
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000001994 activation Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 14
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- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 13
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- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 12
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- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 7
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- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241001474374 Blennius Species 0.000 description 3
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical class [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000227166 Harrimanella hypnoides Species 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 240000000111 Saccharum officinarum Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000007201 Saccharum officinarum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000592342 Tracheophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Na+] PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium persulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- DDFHBQSCUXNBSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(5-carboxythiophen-2-yl)thiophene-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound S1C(C(=O)O)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)S1 DDFHBQSCUXNBSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000207199 Citrus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001672694 Citrus reticulata Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000000560 Citrus x paradisi Species 0.000 description 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000005979 Hordeum vulgare Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007340 Hordeum vulgare Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910013553 LiNO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000282320 Panthera leo Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000209056 Secale Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007238 Secale cereale Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 244000062793 Sorghum vulgare Species 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000098338 Triticum aestivum Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013405 beer Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001634 calcium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000020971 citrus fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010280 constant potential charging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010277 constant-current charging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002079 cooperative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002019 disulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001312 dry etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002296 dynamic light scattering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007792 gaseous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 hexafluorosilicic acid Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 229910000040 hydrogen fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M iron chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Fe] FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003473 lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019713 millet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021392 nanocarbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930014626 natural product Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011022 opal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002898 organic sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009656 pre-carbonization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000027756 respiratory electron transport chain Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ABTOQLMXBSRXSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon tetrafluoride Chemical compound F[Si](F)(F)F ABTOQLMXBSRXSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011775 sodium fluoride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013024 sodium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940052367 sulfur,colloidal Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 description 1
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/364—Composites as mixtures
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
- C01B32/312—Preparation
- C01B32/342—Preparation characterised by non-gaseous activating agents
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/133—Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1393—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/581—Chalcogenides or intercalation compounds thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
- H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/021—Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0471—Processes of manufacture in general involving thermal treatment, e.g. firing, sintering, backing particulate active material, thermal decomposition, pyrolysis
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/049—Manufacturing of an active layer by chemical means
- H01M4/0492—Chemical attack of the support material
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
(1)硫黄の正極活物質としての利用率が低い。
(2)充放電サイクル特性に乏しい。
ことを挙げることができ、リチウム−硫黄二次電池の特徴である極めて大きな理論容量密度を十分に生かすことができていない。
1.本開示の二次電池用の電極材料及びその製造方法、並びに、二次電池、全般に関する説明
2.実施例1(本開示の二次電池用の電極材料及びその製造方法、並びに、二次電池)、その他
本開示の二次電池にあっては、電極によって正極が構成される形態とすることができる。そして、このような形態を含む本開示の二次電池は、リチウム−硫黄二次電池から成り、電極は、硫黄又は硫黄化合物を担持する形態とすることができる。二次電池の構成、構造、それ自体は、周知の構成、構造とすればよい。硫黄として、S8硫黄を挙げることができるし、硫黄化合物として、不溶性硫黄、コロイダル硫黄、有機硫黄化合物(ジスルフィド化合物やトリスルフィド化合物等)を挙げることができる。また、正極の作製方法として、硫黄又は硫黄化合物、多孔質炭素材料及びその他の材料をスラリー化し、正極を構成する基材上に塗布する方法を挙げることができるし、あるいは又、液体浸透法、溶液浸透法、PVD法、CVD法等を挙げることもできる。
[p/{Va(p0−p)}]
=[(C−1)/(C・Vm)](p/p0)+[1/(C・Vm)] (1’)
Vm=1/(s+i) (2−1)
C =(s/i)+1 (2−2)
asBET=(Vm・L・σ)/22414 (3)
Va:吸着量
Vm:単分子層の吸着量
p :窒素の平衡時の圧力
p0:窒素の飽和蒸気圧
L :アボガドロ数
σ :窒素の吸着断面積
である。
V :相対圧での吸着量
Mg:窒素の分子量
ρg:窒素の密度
である。
Vpn=Rn・dVn−Rn・dtn・c・ΣApj (6)
但し、
Rn=rpn 2/(rkn−1+dtn)2 (7)
rp:細孔半径
rk:細孔半径rpの細孔の内壁にその圧力において厚さtの吸着層が吸着した場合のコア半径(内径/2)
Vpn:窒素の第n回目の着脱が生じたときの細孔容積
dVn:そのときの変化量
dtn:窒素の第n回目の着脱が生じたときの吸着層の厚さtnの変化量
rkn:その時のコア半径
c:固定値
rpn:窒素の第n回目の着脱が生じたときの細孔半径
である。また、ΣApjは、j=1からj=n−1までの細孔の壁面の面積の積算値を表す。
SiO2+4HF → SiF4+2H2O (B)
粒径 窒素BET法 全細孔容積 MP法
実施例1A 0.18μm 1890 2.62 0.70
実施例1B 0.18μm 1774 2.89 0.60
実施例1C 0.20μm 1062 1.43 0.30
比較例1 4.0μm 1180 0.99 0.45
BJH法 BJH法(50nm以下) BJH法(50nm超)
実施例1A 2.12 0.88 1.24
実施例1B 2.45 1.21 1.23
実施例1C 1.06 0.72 0.34
比較例1 0.64 0.60 0.04
質量%
S8硫黄 60
多孔質炭素材料(あるいは比較例1の材料) 27
KB6 3
PVA 10
電流 :0.05C
カットオフ:放電時1.5ボルト(但し、定電流放電)
充電時3.3ボルト(但し、定電流/定電圧充電)
実施例1A 実施例1B 実施例1C 比較例1
第1回目の放電 1221 1009 705 542
第2回目の充電 1315 1182 850 582
第2回目の放電 1199 1107 796 513
第3回目の充電 1203 1115 804 500
第3回目の放電 1158 1052 757 463
[1]《二次電池用の電極材料》
植物由来であって、平均粒径が4μm未満、好ましくは0.5μm以下の多孔質炭素材料から成る二次電池用の電極材料。
[2]多孔質炭素材料は、窒素BET法による比表面積の値が10m2/グラム以上、BJH法による細孔の容積が0.7cm3/グラム以上である[1]に記載の二次電池用の電極材料。
[3]多孔質炭素材料は、ケイ素の含有率が5質量%以上である植物由来の材料を原料としている[1]又は[2]に記載の二次電池用の電極材料。
[4]《電極を備えた二次電池》
植物由来であって、平均粒径が4μm未満、好ましくは0.5μm以下の多孔質炭素材料から成る電極を備えている二次電池。
[5]電極によって正極が構成される[4]に記載の二次電池。
[6]リチウム−硫黄二次電池から成り、
電極は、硫黄又は硫黄化合物を担持する[4]又は[5]に記載の二次電池。
[7]多孔質炭素材料は、窒素BET法による比表面積の値が10m2/グラム以上、BJH法による細孔の容積が0.7cm3/グラム以上である[4]乃至[6]のいずれか1項に記載の二次電池。
[8]多孔質炭素材料は、ケイ素の含有率が5質量%以上である植物由来の材料を原料としている[4]乃至[7]のいずれか1項に記載の二次電池用。
[9]《二次電池用の電極材料の製造方法》
植物由来の材料を400゜C乃至1400゜Cにて炭素化した後、酸又はアルカリで処理し、次いで、粉砕し、以て、平均粒径が4μm未満、好ましくは0.5μm以下の多孔質炭素材料から成る二次電池用の電極材料を得る、二次電池用の電極材料の製造方法。
[10]粉砕後、炭素化における温度を超える温度で加熱処理を行う[9]に記載の二次電池用の電極材料の製造方法。
[11]酸又はアルカリでの処理によって、炭素化後の植物由来の材料中のケイ素成分を除去する[9]又は[10]に記載の二次電池用の電極材料の製造方法。
[12]多孔質炭素材料は、ケイ素の含有率が5質量%以上である植物由来の材料を原料としている[9]乃至[11]のいずれか1項に記載の二次電池用の電極材料の製造方法。
[13]電極によって正極が構成される[9]乃至[12]のいずれか1項に記載の二次電池用の電極材料の製造方法。
[14]リチウム−硫黄二次電池から成り、
電極は、硫黄又は硫黄化合物を担持する[9]乃至[13]のいずれか1項に記載の二次電池用の電極材料の製造方法。
[15]多孔質炭素材料は、窒素BET法による比表面積の値が10m2/グラム以上、BJH法による細孔の容積が0.7cm3/グラム以上である[9]乃至[14]のいずれか1項に記載の二次電池用の電極材料の製造方法。
Claims (10)
- 植物由来であって、平均粒径が4μm未満の多孔質炭素材料から成る二次電池用の電極材料。
- 多孔質炭素材料は、窒素BET法による比表面積の値が10m2/グラム以上、BJH法による細孔の容積が0.7cm3/グラム以上である請求項1に記載の二次電池用の電極材料。
- 多孔質炭素材料は、ケイ素の含有率が5質量%以上である植物由来の材料を原料としている請求項1に記載の二次電池用の電極材料。
- 植物由来であって、平均粒径が4μm未満の多孔質炭素材料から成る電極を備えている二次電池。
- 電極によって正極が構成される請求項4に記載の二次電池。
- リチウム−硫黄二次電池から成り、
電極は、硫黄又は硫黄化合物を担持する請求項4に記載の二次電池。 - 植物由来の材料を400゜C乃至1400゜Cにて炭素化した後、酸又はアルカリで処理し、次いで、粉砕し、以て、平均粒径が4μm未満の多孔質炭素材料から成る二次電池用の電極材料を得る、二次電池用の電極材料の製造方法。
- 粉砕後、炭素化における温度を超える温度で加熱処理を行う請求項7に記載の二次電池用の電極材料の製造方法。
- 酸又はアルカリでの処理によって、炭素化後の植物由来の材料中のケイ素成分を除去する請求項7に記載の二次電池用の電極材料の製造方法。
- 多孔質炭素材料は、ケイ素の含有率が5質量%以上である植物由来の材料を原料としている請求項7に記載の二次電池用の電極材料の製造方法。
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