JPWO2013035866A1 - 生物試料をそのままの姿で観察するための電子顕微鏡による観察方法とそれに用いられる真空下での蒸発抑制用組成物、走査型電子顕微鏡および透過型電子顕微鏡 - Google Patents
生物試料をそのままの姿で観察するための電子顕微鏡による観察方法とそれに用いられる真空下での蒸発抑制用組成物、走査型電子顕微鏡および透過型電子顕微鏡 Download PDFInfo
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- FCHXJFJNDJXENQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridoxal hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.CC1=NC=C(CO)C(C=O)=C1O FCHXJFJNDJXENQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- FCBUKWWQSZQDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhamnolipid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(CC(O)=O)OC(=O)CC(CCCCCCC)OC1OC(C)C(O)C(O)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(C)O1 FCBUKWWQSZQDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HFHDHCJBZVLPGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N schardinger α-dextrin Chemical compound O1C(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(O)C2O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC2C(O)C(O)C1OC2CO HFHDHCJBZVLPGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- G01N23/22—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by measuring secondary emission from the material
- G01N23/225—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by measuring secondary emission from the material using electron or ion
- G01N23/2251—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by measuring secondary emission from the material using electron or ion using incident electron beams, e.g. scanning electron microscopy [SEM]
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- G01N23/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material
- G01N23/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and forming images of the material
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- G01N23/22—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by measuring secondary emission from the material
- G01N23/225—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by measuring secondary emission from the material using electron or ion
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01J2237/20—Positioning, supporting, modifying or maintaining the physical state of objects being observed or treated
- H01J2237/2002—Controlling environment of sample
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Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
Abstract
Description
スキオレイン酸グリセリル、セスキオレイン酸ソルビタン、セスキオレイン酸ジグリセリル、セスキステアリン酸PEG-20メチルグルコース、セスキステアリン酸ソルビタン、セスキステアリン酸メチルグルコース、セチルジメチコンコポリオール、セチルピリジウムクロリド、セチル硫酸ナトリウム、セチルリン酸DEA、セチルリン酸カリウム、セテアリルアルコール、セテアリルグルコシド・セテアリルアルコール、セテアリル硫酸ナトリウム、セテアレス-10、セテアレス-15、セテアレス-22、セテアレス-34、セテアレス-55、セテアレス-60、セテアレス-60ミリスチルグリコール、セテアレス-100、セテス-8リン酸、セテス-10、セテス-10リン酸、セテス-12、セテス-24、セテス-45、セトリモニウムクロリド、セトリモニウムサッカリン、セトリモニウムプロミド、セトレス-10、セトレス-20、セトレス-25、タロウアミドMEA、デカイソステアリン酸ポリグリセリル-10、デカオレイン酸ポリグリセリル-10、デカステアリン酸ポリグリセリル-10、デシルグルコシド、テトラオクタン酸ジグリセロールソルビタン、テトラオレイン酸ソルベス-30、テトラオレイン酸ソルベス-40、テトラオレイン酸ソルベス-60、テトラステアリン酸ソルベス-60、ドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸TEA、トリPEG-8アルキル(C12-15)リン酸、トリ(イソステアリン酸PEG-3)トリメチロールプロパン、トリイソステアリン酸PEG-10グリセリル、トリイソステアリン酸PEG-15水添ヒマシ油、トリイソステアリン酸PEG-20水添ヒマシ油、トリイソステアリン酸PEG-30グリセリル、トリイソステアリン酸PEG-30水添ヒマシ油、トリイソステアリン酸PEG-50グリセリル、トリイソステアリン酸PEG-50水添ヒマシ油、トリイソステアリン酸PEG-160ソルビタン、トリイソステアリン酸ポリグリセリル-2、トリオレイン酸ソルビタン、トリオレイン酸ポリグリセリル-10、トリステアリン酸PEG-3ソルビット、トリステアリン酸PEG-140グリセリル、トリステアリン酸PEG-160ソルビタン、トリステアリン酸スクロース、トリステアリン酸ソルビタン、トリステアリン酸ポリグリセリル-10トリデセス-三酢酸ナトリウム、トリデセス-六酢酸ナトリウム、トリデセス-9、トリデセス-10、トリデセス-11、トリデセス-20、トリデセス-21、トリヒドロキシステアリン、トリベヘン酸スクロース、トリラウリルアミン、トリラウレス-四リン酸、トリラウレス-四リン酸ナトリウム、乳酸脂肪酸グリセリル、ノニルノノキシノール-10、ノニルノノキシノール-100、ノノキシノール-3、ノノキシノール-4硫酸ナトリウム、ノノキシノール-6リン酸、ノノキシノール-6リン酸ナトリウム、ノノキシノール-10、ノノキシノール-10リン酸、ノノキシノール-23、ノノキシノール-50、ノノキシノール-120、パーフルオロアルキルPEGリン酸、パーフルオロアルキルリン酸DEA、パーム核脂肪酸アミドDEA、パーム核脂肪酸アミドエチルヒドロキシエチルアミノプロピオン酸ナトリウム、パーム核脂肪酸アミドプロピルベタイン、パーム脂肪酸グルタミン酸ナトリウム、パルミタミドMEA、パルミチン酸PEG-6、パルミチン酸PEG-18、パルミチン酸PEG-20、パルミチン酸スクロース、パルミチン酸ソルビタン、パルミトイルアスパラギン酸二TEA、パルミトイルメチルタウリンナトリウム、ピーナッツ油PEG-6、ヒドロキシステアリン酸グリセリル、ヒドロキシプロピルトリモニウム加水分解カゼイン、ヒドロキシプロピルトリモニウム加水分解ケラチン、ヒドロキシプロピルトリモニウム加水分解コムギタンパク、ヒドロキシプロピルトリモニウム加水分解コラーゲン、ヒドロキシプロピルトリモニウム加水分解シルク、ヒドロキシラノリン、プロピオン酸PPG-2ミリスチル、ヘプタステアリン酸ポリグリセリル-10、ヘプタデシルヒドロキシエチルカルボキシラートメチルイミダゾリニウム、ベヘナミドプロピルPGジモニウムクロリド、ベヘナミンオキシド、ベヘネス-10、ベヘネス-30、ベヘン酸グリセリル、ベヘントリモニウムクロリド、ベンザルコニウムクロリド、ペンタイソステアリン酸ポリグリセリル-10、ペンタオクタン酸ジグリセロールソルビタン、ペンタオレイン酸PEG-40ソルビット、ペンタオレイン酸ポリグリセリル-6、ペンタオレイン酸ポリグリセリル-10、ペンタステアリン酸ポリグリセリル-10、ポリアクリル酸カリウム、ポリアクリル酸ナトリウム、ポリアクリル酸アンモニウム、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルフェニルエーテルリン酸TEA、ポリオキシエチレンエーテルリン酸ナトリウム、ポリオキシエチレンオクチルエーテルリン酸、ポリオキシエチレンセチルステアリルジエーテル、ポリオキシエチレンフィトスタノール、ポリオキシエチレンブチルエーテル、ポリオキシエチレンヤシ脂肪酸ジエタノールアミド、ポリオキシエチレンラウリルエーテルリン酸TEA、ポリオキシプロピレンカルボキシアルキル(C14-18)ジグルコシド、ポリオキシプロピレングリセリルエーテルリン酸、ポリオキシプロピレンソルビット、ポリオレイン酸スクロース、ポリグリセリル-2オレイル、ポリステアリン酸スクロース、酢酸セチル、酢酸ラノリンアルコール、ポリバーム脂肪酸スクロース、ポリラウリン酸スクロース、ポリリシノレイン酸ポリグセリル、ポリリノール酸スクロースポロキサマー181、ポロキサマー333、ポロキサミン304、ポロキサミン901、ポロキサミン1104、ポロキサミン1302、ポロキサミン1508、マルチトールヒドロキシアルキル(C12,14)、ミリスタミドDEA、ミリスタミンオキシド、ミリスタルコニウムクロリド、ミリスチルPGヒドロキシエチルデカナミド、ミリスチルベタイン、ミリスチル硫酸ナトリウム、ミリスチン酸PEG-8、ミリスチン酸PEG-20、ミリスチン酸グリセリル、ミリスチン酸スクロース、ミリスチン酸ポリグリセリル-10、ミリスチン酸ミレス-3、ミリストイル加水分解コラーゲン、ミリストイル加水分解コラーゲンカリウム、ミリストイルグルタミン酸、ミリストイルグルタミン酸カリウム、ミリストイルグルタミン酸ナトリウム、ミリストイルサルコシンナトリウム、ミリストイルメチルアラニンナトリウム、ミリストイルメチルタウリンナトリウム、ミレス-3、ミレス-3硫酸ナトリウム、モノ酢酸モノステアリン酸グリセリル、ヤシ脂肪酸TEA、ヤシ脂肪酸グリセリル、ヤシ脂肪酸スクロース、ヤシ脂肪酸ソルビタン、ヤシ脂肪酸リシン、ラウラミドDEA、ラウラミドMEA、ラウラミドプロピルベタイン、ラウラミノジ酢酸ナトリウム、ラウラミノプロピオン酸、ラウラミノプロピオン酸ナトリウム、ラウラミンオキシド、ラウリミノジプロピオン酸ナトリウム、ラウリルDEA、ラウリルイソキノリニウムサッカリン、ラウリルイソキノリニウムプロミド、ラウリルグルコシド、ラウリルジアミノエチルグリシンナトリウム、ラウリルジモリニウムヒドロキシプロピル加水分解ケラチン、ラウリルジモリニウムヒドロキシプロピル加水分解コラーゲン、ラウリルジモリニウムヒドロキシプロピル加水分解シルクラウリルスルホ酢酸ナトリウム、ラウリルヒドロキシ酢酸アミド硫酸ナトリウム、ラウリルヒドロキシスルタイン、ラウリルピリジニウムクロリドラウリルベタイン、ラウリル硫酸DEA、ラウリル硫酸カリウム、ラウリル硫酸MEA、ラウリル硫酸マグネシウム、ラウリル硫酸ナトリウム、ラウリル硫酸TEAラウリル硫酸アンモニウム、ラウリルリン酸、ラウリルリン酸ニナトリウム、ラウリルリン酸ナトリウム、ラウリン酸PEG-2、ラウリン酸PEG-4DEA、ラウリン酸PEG-6、ラウリン酸PEG-8、ラウリン酸PEG-8グリセリル、ラウリン酸PEG-9、ラウリン酸PEG-10、ラウリン酸PEG-12グリセリル、ラウリン酸PEG-23グリセリル、ラウリン酸PEG-32、ラウリン酸PEG-75、ラウリン酸PEG-150、ラウリン酸PEGソルビット、ラウリン酸PG、ラウリン酸TEA、ラウリン酸グリセリル、ラウリン酸スクロース、ラウリン酸ポリオキシエチレン水添ヒマシ油、ラウリン酸ポリグリセリル-6、ラウリン酸ポリグリセリル-10、ラウリン酸マルチトール、ラウルトリモニウムクロリド、ラウルトリモニウムプロミド、ラウレス-2-硫酸アンモニウム、ラウレス-3酢酸、ラウレス-3硫酸TEA、ラウレス-3硫酸アンモニウム、ラウレス-3リン酸、ラウレス-4リン酸、ラウレス-4リン酸ナトリム、ラウレス-4.5酢酸カリウム、ラウレス-5酢酸、ラウレス-5硫酸ナトリム、ラウレス-6酢酸、ラウレス-6酢酸ナトリム、ラウレス-7リン酸、ラウレス-9、ラウレス-10、ラウレス-10酢酸、ラウレス-10酢酸カリウム、ラウレス-16酢酸ナトリム、ラウレス-17酢酸ナトリウム、ラウレス-40、ラウレス硫酸TEA、ラウロアンホPG酢酸リン酸ナトリウム、ラウロアンホ酢酸ナトリウム、ラウロイルアスパラギン酸、ラウロイル加水分解コラーゲンカリウム、ラウロイル加水分解コラーゲンナトリウム、ラウロイル加水分解シルクナトリウム、ラウロイルグルタミン酸、ラウロイルグルタミン酸カリウム、ラウロイルグルタミン酸ナトリウム、ラウロイルグルタミンTEA、ラウロイルグルタミン酸ジオクチルドデシル、ラウロイルグルタミン酸ジオクチルドデセス-2、ラウロイルグルタミン酸ジオクチルドデシル、ラウロイルグルタミン酸ジコレステリル、ラウロイルグルタミン酸ジステアレス-2、ラウロイルグルタミン酸ジステアレス-5、ラウロイルサルコシン、ラウロイルサルコシンナトリウム、ラウロイルサルコシンTEA、ラウロイルトレオニンカリウム、ラウロイル乳酸ナトリウム、ラウロイルメチルアラニン、ラウロイルメチルアラニンナトリウム、ラウロイルメチルアラニンTEA、ラウロイルメチルタウリンナトリウム、ラネス-10、ラネス-25、ラネス-40、ラネス-75、ラノリン脂肪酸PEG-4、ラノリン脂肪酸PEG-12、ラノリン脂肪酸アミドDEA、ラノリン脂肪酸イソプロピル、ラノリン脂肪酸オクチルドデシル、ラノリン脂肪酸グリセリル、ラノリン脂肪酸コレステリル、ラピリウムクロリド、リシノレイン酸アミドプロピルベタイン、リシノレイン酸グリセリル、リシノレイン酸スクロース、リシノレイン酸ポリオキシプロピレンソルビット、リシノレイン酸ポリグリセリル-6、リノール酸ラノリル、リノレアミドDEA、硫酸化ヒマシ油、リンゴ酸ラウラミド、ロジン加水分解コラーゲン、ロジン加水分解コラーゲンAMPDなどが挙げられる。
(1) 両親媒性化合物(ドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウム)/金属化合物(エチレンジアミンニッケル錯体)=0.005/0.001〜0.05/0.01
(2) 両親媒性化合物(ドデシル硫酸ナトリウム)/金属化合物(エチレンジアミンニッケル錯体)=0.005/0.0001〜0.05/0.001
(3) 両親媒性化合物(ドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウム)/金属化合物(テトラアンミンコバルト錯体)=0.005/0.001〜0.05/0.01
(4) 両親媒性化合物(Tween 20)/糖(トレハロース)=3/1〜20/2
(5) 両親媒性化合物(Tween 20)/糖(プルラン)=3/0.2〜20/2
(6) 両親媒性化合物(Tween 20/糖(イヌリン)=3/0.1〜20/7
本発明の蒸発抑制用組成物は、塗布、付着、コート、被覆などにより試料表面に適用される。例えば塗布の場合には、塗布した後、余分な液をキムワイプのような柔らかい布状の紙、ろ紙などで吸い取る。TEM観察のための試料は、媒体の塗布、付着、コート、被覆、包埋などにより処理される。
SEM1による試料観察においては、試料室の中に試料をセットして観察するが、高真空を維持するために試料室と外部との間に試料交換室として予備排気室2を設け、試料交換棒3によって試料4の出し入れを行うようにしている。
生体試料をSEM1で観察する場合に、生体試料を大気圧中から真空中に持ち込まなければならない。ところが、生体試料はもちろん、微細な構造体であっても排気時の圧力変化や風圧によって障害を受ける。したがって、大気圧からの真空排気をより穏やかにする機構を設けることが必要となる。
例えば、試料の移動、試料の微細解剖、または物理的もしくは化学的刺激に用いられる部材を移動するための移動機構として試料室内部19に3次元マニピュレータ装置21を設けることができる。生体試料への試薬の接触、浸透などの反応をダイナミックにSEM1で観察するには、電子線を出して2次電子像等を観察しながら反応実験を開始できる装置を必要とする。そのために、移動機構としての3次元マニピュレータ装置21を、SEM1で観察しながら試料4の微細解剖、物理的もしくは化学的刺激などを行う装置として用いることができる。 図26は、本発明の走査型電子顕微鏡の別の実施形態の要部を模式的に示した図である。この実施形態では、試料室内部19に2次電子検出器22と試料4との相対位置を3次元的に調節可能な検出位置調節機構を備えている。
<実施例1>
両親媒性化合物としてSodium laurylbenzenesulfonateを0.1 %水溶液として、金属化合物としてエチレンジアミンニッケル錯体を0.01wt%を使用し、蒸発抑制用組成物を調製した。
<実施例2>
両親媒性化合物としてSodium laurylbenzenesulfonateを0.1 %水溶液として、金属化合物としてエチレンジアミンニッケル錯体を0.01wt%を使用し、蒸発抑制用組成物を調製した。
<実施例3>
両親媒性化合物としてTween 20を10 %水溶液として、糖としてtrehaloseを1% (w/v)、pullulanを0.1% (w/v)使用し、蒸発抑制用組成物を調製した。
<実施例4>
両親媒性化合物としてTween 20を10 %水溶液として、糖としてtrehaloseを1% (w/v)、pullulanを0.1% (w/v)使用し、蒸発抑制用組成物を調製した。
<実施例5>
両親媒性化合物としてTween 20を10 %水溶液として、糖としてtrehaloseを1% (w/v)、pullulanを0.1% (w/v)使用し、蒸発抑制用組成物を調製した。
<実施例6>
両親媒性化合物としてSodium laurylbenzenesulfonateを0.1 %水溶液として、金属化合物としてエチレンジアミンニッケル錯体を0.01wt%を使用し、蒸発抑制用組成物を調製した。
<実施例7>
両親媒性化合物としてSodium laurylbenzenesulfonateを0.1 %水溶液として、金属化合物としてエチレンジアミンニッケル錯体を0.01wt%を使用し、蒸発抑制用組成物を調製した。
<実施例8>
両親媒性化合物としてTween 20を10 %水溶液として、糖としてtrehaloseを1% (w/v)、pullulanを0.1% (w/v)使用し、蒸発抑制用組成物を調製した。
<実施例9>
両親媒性化合物としてTween 20を10 %水溶液として、糖としてtrehaloseを1% (w/v)、pullulanを0.1% (w/v)使用し、蒸発抑制用組成物を調製した。
<実施例10>
蒸発抑制用組成物として油脂類を用いた。
<実施例11>
両親媒性化合物として、Tween 20を用いた。自立した薄膜を作るために、50 % (v/v)のTween 20を100%エタノールに溶解し、ガラス上にスピンコーター(3000rpm, 5s) (SC8001, Aiden)を使用して広げてプラズマ重合した。重合後の薄膜は、ガラス板からエタノール中で解離させた。
<実施例12>
両親媒性化合物として、TritonTMX-100を用いた。1 % (v/v)のTritonTM X-100を蒸留水に溶解し、ガラス上にスピンコーターを使用して広げてプラズマ重合し、実施例11と同様にして自立性の薄膜を得た。図13(a)は、プラズマ照射により作成した自立性の重合膜(TritonTMX-100)の光学顕微鏡像、図13(b)はTritonTM X-100の化学式である。
<実施例13>
両親媒性化合物として、pluronic(R) F-127を用いた。1 % (v/v)のpluronic(R) F-127を蒸留水に溶解し、ガラス上にスピンコーターを使用して広げてプラズマ重合し、実施例11と同様にして自立性の薄膜を得た。図14(a)は、プラズマ照射により作成した自立性の重合膜(TritonTMX-100)の光学顕微鏡像、図14(b)はpluronic(R) F-127の化学式である。
<実施例14>
両親媒性化合物として、Brij(R) 35を用いた。1 % (v/v)のBrij(R) 35を蒸留水に溶解し、ガラス上にスピンコーターを使用して広げてプラズマ重合し、実施例11と同様にして自立性の薄膜を得た。図15(a)は、プラズマ照射により作成した自立性の重合膜(Brij(R) 35)の光学顕微鏡像、図15(b)はBrij(R)35の化学式である。
<実施例15>
両親媒性化合物として、CHAPSを用いた。1 % (v/v)のCHAPSを蒸留水に溶解し、ガラス上にスピンコーターを使用して広げてプラズマ重合し、実施例11と同様にして自立性の薄膜を得た。図16(a)は、プラズマ照射により作成した自立性の重合膜(CHAPS)の光学顕微鏡像、図16(b)はCHAPSの化学式である。
<実施例16>
両親媒性化合物として、MEGA8を用いた。1 % (v/v)のMEGA8を蒸留水に溶解し、ガラス上にスピンコーターを使用して広げてプラズマ重合し、実施例11と同様にして自立性の薄膜を得た。図17(a)は、プラズマ照射により作成した自立性の重合膜(MEGA8)の光学顕微鏡像、図17(b)はMEGA8の化学式である。
<実施例17>
両親媒性化合物として、Sodium cholateを用いた。1 % (v/v)のSodium cholateを蒸留水に溶解し、ガラス上にスピンコーターを使用して広げてプラズマ重合し、実施例11と同様にして自立性の薄膜を得た。図18(a)は、プラズマ照射により作成した自立性の重合膜(Sodium cholate)の光学顕微鏡像、図18(b)はSodium cholateの化学式である。
<実施例18>
両親媒性化合物として、n-Dodecyl-β-D-maltosideを用いた。1 % (v/v)のn-Dodecyl-β-D-maltosideを蒸留水に溶解し、ガラス上にスピンコーターを使用して広げてプラズマ重合し、実施例11と同様にして自立性の薄膜を得た。図19(a)は、プラズマ照射により作成した自立性の重合膜(n-Dodecyl-β-D-maltoside)の光学顕微鏡像、図19(b)はn-Dodecyl-β-D-maltosideの化学式である。
<実施例19>
両親媒性化合物として、n-Octyl-β-D-glucosideを用いた。1 % (v/v)のn-Octyl-β-D-glucosideを蒸留水に溶解し、ガラス上にスピンコーターを使用して広げてプラズマ重合し、実施例11と同様にして自立性の薄膜を得た。図20(a)は、プラズマ照射により作成した自立性の重合膜(n-Octyl-β-D-glucoside)の光学顕微鏡像、図20(b)はn-Octyl-β-D-glucosideの化学式である。
<実施例20>
イオン液体として、1,3-Diallylimidazolium bromideを用いた。1%(v/v)の1,3-Diallylimidazolium bromideを蒸留水に溶解し、ガラス上にスピンコーターを使用して広げてプラズマ重合し、実施例11と同様にして自立性の薄膜を得た。図20(a)は、プラズマ照射により作成した自立性の重合膜(1,3-Diallylimidazolium bromide)の光学顕微鏡像、図20(b)は1,3-Diallylimidazolium bromideの化学式である。
2 予備排気室
3 試料交換棒
4 試料
5 真空計
6 調節バルブ
7 真空ポンプ
8 鏡体
9 電源
10 試料室
11 試料フォルダー
12 グローブボックス
13 グローブボックス内のハウジング
14 窓部
15 作業用入口
16 不活性ガスボンベ
17 ベルジャー
18 プラズマ照射装置または電子線照射装置
19 試料室内部
20 試料台
21 3次元マニピュレータ
22 2次電子検出器
23 高速度カラーカメラ
24 温度調節装置
25 センサ
30 c−リング
31 o−リング
32 重合膜
33 グリッドメッシュ
34 細胞
、セスキイソステアリン酸ソルビタン、セスキオレイン酸グリセリル、セスキオレイン酸ソルビタン、セスキオレイン酸ジグリセリル、セスキステアリン酸PEG-20メチルグルコース、セスキステアリン酸ソルビタン、セスキステアリン酸メチルグルコース、セチルジメチコンコポリオール、セチルピリジウムクロリド、セチル硫酸ナトリウム、セチルリン酸DEA、セチルリン酸カリウム、セテアリルアルコール、セテアリルグルコシド・セテアリルアルコール、セテアリル硫酸ナトリウム、セテアレス-10、セテアレス-15、セテアレス-22、セテアレス-34、セテアレス-55、セテアレス-60、セテアレス-60ミリスチルグリコール、セテアレス-100、セテス-8リン酸、セテス-10、セテス-10リン酸、セテス-12、セテス-24、セテス-45、セトリモニウムクロリド、セトリモニウムサッカリン、セトリモニウムプロミド、セトレス-10、セトレス-20、セトレス-25、タロウアミドMEA、デカイソステアリン酸ポリグリセリル-10、デカオレイン酸ポリグリセリル-10、デカステアリン酸ポリグリセリル-10、デシルグルコシド、テトラオクタン酸ジグリセロールソルビタン、テトラオレイン酸ソルベス-30、テトラオレイン酸ソルベス-40、テトラオレイン酸ソルベス-60、テトラステアリン酸ソルベス-60、ドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸TEA、トリPEG-8アルキル(C12-15)リン酸、トリ(イソステアリン酸PEG-3)トリメチロールプロパン、トリイソステアリン酸PEG-10グリセリル、トリイソステアリン酸PEG-15水添ヒマシ油、トリイソステアリン酸PEG-20水添ヒマシ油、トリイソステアリン酸PEG-30グリセリル、トリイソステアリン酸PEG-30水添ヒマシ油、トリイソステアリン酸PEG-50グリセリル、トリイソステアリン酸PEG-50水添ヒマシ油、トリイソステアリン酸PEG-160ソルビタン、トリイソステアリン酸ポリグリセリル-2、トリオレイン酸ソルビタン、トリオレイン酸ポリグリセリル-10、トリステアリン酸PEG-3ソルビット、トリステアリン酸PEG-140グリセリル、トリステアリン酸PEG-160ソルビタン、トリステアリン酸スクロース、トリステアリン酸ソルビタン、トリステアリン酸ポリグリセリル-10トリデセス-三酢酸ナトリウム、トリデセス-六酢酸ナトリウム、トリデセス-9、トリデセス-10、トリデセス-11、トリデセス-20、トリデセス-21、トリヒドロキシステアリン、トリベヘン酸スクロース、トリラウリルアミン、トリラウレス-四リン酸、トリラウレス-四リン酸ナトリウム、乳酸脂肪酸グリセリル、ノニルノノキシノール-10、ノニルノノキシノール-100、ノノキシノール-3、ノノキシノール-4硫酸ナトリウム、ノノキシノール-6リン酸、ノノキシノール-6リン酸ナトリウム、ノノキシノール-10、ノノキシノール-10リン酸、ノノキシノール-23、ノノキシノール-50、ノノキシノール-120、パーフルオロアルキルPEGリン酸、パーフルオロアルキルリン酸DEA、パーム核脂肪酸アミドDEA、パーム核脂肪酸アミドエチルヒドロキシエチルアミノプロピオン酸ナトリウム、パーム核脂肪酸アミドプロピルベタイン、パーム脂肪酸グルタミン酸ナトリウム、パルミタミドMEA、パルミチン酸PEG-6、パルミチン酸PEG-18、パルミチン酸PEG-20、パルミチン酸スクロース、パルミチン酸ソルビタン、パルミトイルアスパラギン酸二TEA、パルミトイルメチルタウリンナトリウム、ピーナッツ油PEG-6、ヒドロキシステアリン酸グリセリル、ヒドロキシプロピルトリモニウム加水分解カゼイン、ヒドロキシプロピルトリモニウム加水分解ケラチン、ヒドロキシプロピルトリモニウム加水分解コムギタンパク、ヒドロキシプロピルトリモニウム加水分解コラーゲン、ヒドロキシプロピルトリモニウム加水分解シルク、ヒドロキシラノリン、プロピオン酸PPG-2ミリスチル、ヘプタステアリン酸ポリグリセリル-10、ヘプタデシルヒドロキシエチルカルボキシラートメチルイミダゾリニウム、ベヘナミドプロピルPGジモニウムクロリド、ベヘナミンオキシド、ベヘネス-10、ベヘネス-30、ベヘン酸グリセリル、ベヘントリモニウムクロリド、ベンザルコニウムクロリド、ペンタイソステアリン酸ポリグリセリル-10、ペンタオクタン酸ジグリセロールソルビタン、ペンタオレイン酸PEG-40ソルビット、ペンタオレイン酸ポリグリセリル-6、ペンタオレイン酸ポリグリセリル-10、ペンタステアリン酸ポリグリセリル-10、ポリアクリル酸カリウム、ポリアクリル酸ナトリウム、ポリアクリル酸アンモニウム、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルフェニルエーテルリン酸TEA、ポリオキシエチレンエーテルリン酸ナトリウム、ポリオキシエチレンオクチルエーテルリン酸、ポリオキシエチレンセチルステアリルジエーテル、ポリオキシエチレンフィトスタノール、ポリオキシエチレンブチルエーテル、ポリオキシエチレンヤシ脂肪酸ジエタノールアミド、ポリオキシエチレンラウリルエーテルリン酸TEA、ポリオキシプロピレンカルボキシアルキル(C14-18)ジグルコシド、ポリオキシプロピレングリセリルエーテルリン酸、ポリオキシプロピレンソルビット、ポリオレイン酸スクロース、ポリグリセリル-2オレイル、ポリステアリン酸スクロース、酢酸セチル、酢酸ラノリンアルコール、ポリバーム脂肪酸スクロース、ポリラウリン酸スクロース、ポリリシノレイン酸ポリグセリル、ポリリノール酸スクロースポロキサマー181、ポロキサマー333、ポロキサミン304、ポロキサミン901、ポロキサミン1104、ポロキサミン1302、ポロキサミン1508、マルチトールヒドロキシアルキル(C12,14)、ミリスタミドDEA、ミリスタミンオキシド、ミリスタルコニウムクロリド、ミリスチルPGヒドロキシエチルデカナミド、ミリスチルベタイン、ミリスチル硫酸ナトリウム、ミリスチン酸PEG-8、ミリスチン酸PEG-20、ミリスチン酸グリセリル、ミリスチン酸スクロース、ミリスチン酸ポリグリセリル-10、ミリスチン酸ミレス-3、ミリストイル加水分解コラーゲン、ミリストイル加水分解コラーゲンカリウム、ミリストイルグルタミン酸、ミリストイルグルタミン酸カリウム、ミリストイルグルタミン酸ナトリウム、ミリストイルサルコシンナトリウム、ミリストイルメチルアラニンナトリウム、ミリストイルメチルタウリンナトリウム、ミレス-3、ミレス-3硫酸ナトリウム、モノ酢酸モノステアリン酸グリセリル、ヤシ脂肪酸TEA、ヤシ脂肪酸グリセリル、ヤシ脂肪酸スクロース、ヤシ脂肪酸ソルビタン、ヤシ脂肪酸リシン、ラウラミドDEA、ラウラミドMEA、ラウラミドプロピルベタイン、ラウラミノジ酢酸ナトリウム、ラウラミノプロピオン酸、ラウラミノプロピオン酸ナトリウム、ラウラミンオキシド、ラウリミノジプロピオン酸ナトリウム、ラウリルDEA、ラウリルイソキノリニウムサッカリン、ラウリルイソキノリニウムプロミド、ラウリルグルコシド、ラウリルジアミノエチルグリシンナトリウム、ラウリルジモリニウムヒドロキシプロピル加水分解ケラチン、ラウリルジモリニウムヒドロキシプロピル加水分解コラーゲン、ラウリルジモリニウムヒドロキシプロピル加水分解シルクラウリルスルホ酢酸ナトリウム、ラウリルヒドロキシ酢酸アミド硫酸ナトリウム、ラウリルヒドロキシスルタイン、ラウリルピリジニウムクロリドラウリルベタイン、ラウリル硫酸DEA、ラウリル硫酸カリウム、ラウリル硫酸MEA、ラウリル硫酸マグネシウム、ラウリル硫酸ナトリウム、ラウリル硫酸TEAラウリル硫酸アンモニウム、ラウリルリン酸、ラウリルリン酸ニナトリウム、ラウリルリン酸ナトリウム、ラウリン酸PEG-2、ラウリン酸PEG-4DEA、ラウリン酸PEG-6、ラウリン酸PEG-8、ラウリン酸PEG-8グリセリル、ラウリン酸PEG-9、ラウリン酸PEG-10、ラウリン酸PEG-12グリセリル、ラウリン酸PEG-23グリセリル、ラウリン酸PEG-32、ラウリン酸PEG-75、ラウリン酸PEG-150、ラウリン酸PEGソルビット、ラウリン酸PG、ラウリン酸TEA、ラウリン酸グリセリル、ラウリン酸スクロース、ラウリン酸ポリオキシエチレン水添ヒマシ油、ラウリン酸ポリグリセリル-6、ラウリン酸ポリグリセリル-10、ラウリン酸マルチトール、ラウルトリモニウムクロリド、ラウルトリモニウムプロミド、ラウレス-2-硫酸アンモニウム、ラウレス-3酢酸、ラウレス-3硫酸TEA、ラウレス-3硫酸アンモニウム、ラウレス-3リン酸、ラウレス-4リン酸、ラウレス-4リン酸ナトリム、ラウレス-4.5酢酸カリウム、ラウレス-5酢酸、ラウレス-5硫酸ナトリム、ラウレス-6酢酸、ラウレス-6酢酸ナトリム、ラウレス-7リン酸、ラウレス-9、ラウレス-10、ラウレス-10酢酸、ラウレス-10酢酸カリウム、ラウレス-16酢酸ナトリム、ラウレス-17酢酸ナトリウム、ラウレス-40、ラウレス硫酸TEA、ラウロアンホPG酢酸リン酸ナトリウム、ラウロアンホ酢酸ナトリウム、ラウロイルアスパラギン酸、ラウロイル加水分解コラーゲンカリウム、ラウロイル加水分解コラーゲンナトリウム、ラウロイル加水分解シルクナトリウム、ラウロイルグルタミン酸、ラウロイルグルタミン酸カリウム、ラウロイルグルタミン酸ナトリウム、ラウロイルグルタミン酸TEA、ラウロイルグルタミン酸ジオクチルドデシル、ラウロイルグルタミン酸ジオクチルドデセス-2、ラウロイルグルタミン酸ジオクチルドデシル、ラウロイルグルタミン酸ジコレステリル、ラウロイルグルタミン酸ジステアレス-2、ラウロイルグルタミン酸ジステアレス-5、ラウロイルサルコシン、ラウロイルサルコシンナトリウム、ラウロイルサルコシンTEA、ラウロイルトレオニンカリウム、ラウロイル乳酸ナトリウム、ラウロイルメチルアラニン、ラウロイルメチルアラニンナトリウム、ラウロイルメチルアラニンTEA、ラウロイルメチルタウリンナトリウム、ラネス-10、ラネス-25、ラネス-40、ラネス-75、ラノリン脂肪酸PEG-4、ラノリン脂肪酸PEG-12、ラノリン脂肪酸アミドDEA、ラノリン脂肪酸イソプロピル、ラノリン脂肪酸オクチルドデシル、ラノリン脂肪酸グリセリル、ラノリン脂肪酸コレステリル、ラピリウムクロリド、リシノレイン酸アミドプロピルベタイン、リシノレイン酸グリセリル、リシノレイン酸スクロース、リシノレイン酸ポリオキシプロピレンソルビット、リシノレイン酸ポリグリセリル-6、リノール酸ラノリル、リノレアミドDEA、硫酸化ヒマシ油、リンゴ酸ラウラミド、ロジン加水分解コラーゲン、ロジン加水分解コラーゲンAMPDなどが挙げられる。
<実施例13>
両親媒性化合物として、pluronic(R) F-127を用いた。1 % (v/v)のpluronic(R) F-127を蒸留水に溶解し、ガラス上にスピンコーターを使用して広げてプラズマ重合し、実施例11と同様にして自立性の薄膜を得た。図14(a)は、プラズマ照射により作成した自立性の重合膜(pluronic (R) F-127)の光学顕微鏡像、図14(b)はpluronic(R)F-127の化学式である。
Claims (26)
- 両親媒性化合物、油脂類、およびイオン液体から選ばれる少なくとも1種を含有する蒸発抑制用組成物を試料の表面に適用して薄膜を形成し、この試料を薄膜で覆う工程と、真空下の試料室に収容されたこの薄膜で覆った試料の電子顕微鏡像を表示装置に表示する工程とを含むことを特徴とする電子顕微鏡による試料の観察方法。
- 両親媒性化合物、油脂類、およびイオン液体から選ばれる少なくとも1種を含有する蒸発抑制用組成物を試料の表面に適用する工程と、蒸発抑制用組成物を適用した試料に電子線またはプラズマを照射して試料の表面に薄膜として重合膜を形成し、この重合膜で試料を覆う工程と、真空下の試料室に収容されたこの重合膜で覆った試料の電子顕微鏡像を表示装置に表示する工程とを含むことを特徴とする電子顕微鏡による試料の観察方法。
- 電子顕微鏡の試料室内において試料観察用の電子線を試料に照射することによって重合反応させ、試料の表面に薄膜として重合膜を形成することを特徴とする請求項2に記載の電子顕微鏡による試料の観察方法。
- 電子顕微鏡による試料観察前に予め、電子顕微鏡の試料観察用の電子線とは別途の電子線またはプラズマを試料に照射することによって重合反応させ、試料の表面に薄膜として重合膜を形成することを特徴とする請求項2に記載の電子顕微鏡による試料の観察方法。
- 蒸発抑制用組成物は、両親媒性化合物と、金属化合物および糖から選ばれる少なくとも1種とを含有することを特徴とする請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の電子顕微鏡による試料の観察方法。
- 含水試料の濡れたままの状態の電子顕微鏡像を、含水試料の破壊を伴わずに前記表示装置に表示することを特徴とする請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の電子顕微鏡による試料の観察方法。
- 蒸発抑制用組成物を生存している生物試料の体表に適用して薄膜を形成し、この試料を薄膜で覆う工程と、真空下の試料室に置かれたこの薄膜で覆った生物試料の生きたままの運動の電子顕微鏡像を表示装置に表示する工程とを含むことを特徴とする請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の電子顕微鏡による試料の観察方法。
- 前記薄膜によって、生物試料体内からの蒸発に伴う温度低下を抑制して生物試料に運動能を与え、かつ生物試料そのものの形態を維持することを特徴とする請求項7に記載の電子顕微鏡による試料の観察方法。
- 前記薄膜によって、生物試料が活動できるための体内温度を真空下においても維持することを特徴とする請求項7または8に記載の電子顕微鏡による試料の観察方法。
- 走査型電子顕微鏡を用いて、試料のチャージアップを起こさずに試料の電子顕微鏡像を表示装置に表示することを特徴とする請求項1から9のいずれかに記載の電子顕微鏡による試料の観察方法。
- 真空下において蒸発性のある物質を含有する試料の表面に薄膜を形成してこの試料を覆い、前記蒸発性のある物質に対して真空下においてその蒸発を抑制するバリア能を与えるために使用される真空下での蒸発抑制用組成物であって、両親媒性化合物、油脂類、およびイオン液体から選ばれる少なくとも1種を含有することを特徴とする真空下での蒸発抑制用組成物。
- 生存している生物試料の体表に薄膜を形成してこの生物試料を覆い、生物試料体内の蒸発性のある物質に対して真空下においてその蒸発を抑制するバリア能を与えるために使用されることを特徴とする請求項11に記載の真空下での蒸発抑制用組成物。
- 蒸発抑制用組成物を適用した試料に電子線またはプラズマを照射することによって試料の表面に薄膜として重合膜が形成され、この重合膜で試料が覆われることを特徴とする請求項11または12に記載の真空下での蒸発抑制用組成物。
- 両親媒性化合物と、金属化合物および糖から選ばれる少なくとも1種とを含有することを特徴とする請求項11から13のいずれか一項に記載の蒸発抑制用組成物。
- 請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載の電子顕微鏡による試料の観察方法に使用される走査型電子顕微鏡であって、鏡体内の試料室に配置する試料を導入可能な予備排気室と、試料室および予備排気室を脱気する排気装置とを備えることを特徴とする走査型電子顕微鏡。
- 予備排気室にグローブボックスを備えることを特徴とする請求項15に記載の走査型電子顕微鏡。
- 試料室または予備排気室に、プラズマ照射装置または電子線照射装置を備えることを特徴とする請求項15に記載の走査型電子顕微鏡。
- 試料室または予備排気室に、試料への作用が可能な3次元マニピュレータ装置を備えることを特徴とする請求項15に記載の走査型電子顕微鏡。
- 請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載の電子顕微鏡による試料の観察方法に使用される走査型電子顕微鏡であって、試料室に2次電子の検出器と試料との相対位置を3次元的に調節可能な検出位置調節機構を備えることを特徴とする走査型電子顕微鏡。
- 請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載の電子顕微鏡による試料の観察方法に使用される走査型電子顕微鏡であって、試料室に試料の色情報を取得可能な高速度カラーカメラを備えることを特徴とする走査型電子顕微鏡。
- 請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載の電子顕微鏡による試料の観察方法に使用される走査型電子顕微鏡であって、試料室内の試料台の温度を調節可能な温度調節装置を備えることを特徴とする走査型電子顕微鏡。
- 請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載の電子顕微鏡による試料の観察方法に使用される走査型電子顕微鏡であって、試料室に、電気センサ、光センサ、ガスセンサ、水センサ、および温度センサから選ばれる少なくとも1種のセンサを備えることを特徴とする走査型電子顕微鏡。
- 請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載の電子顕微鏡による試料の観察方法に使用される透過型電子顕微鏡であって、鏡体内の試料室に配置する試料を導入可能な予備排気室と、試料室および予備排気室を脱気する排気装置とを備えることを特徴とする透過型電子顕微鏡。
- 予備排気室にグローブボックスを備えることを特徴とする請求項23に記載の透過型電子顕微鏡。
- 試料室または予備排気室に、プラズマ照射装置または電子線照射装置を備えることを特徴とする請求項23に記載の透過型電子顕微鏡。
- 請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載の電子顕微鏡による試料の観察方法に使用される透過型電子顕微鏡であって、試料を配置するグリッドメッシュの両面のそれぞれに、前記蒸発抑制用組成物に電子線またはプラズマを照射して形成した重合膜を有することを特徴とする透過型電子顕微鏡。
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