JPWO2012029977A1 - クロメートフリー塗装金属板 - Google Patents
クロメートフリー塗装金属板 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JPWO2012029977A1 JPWO2012029977A1 JP2012511473A JP2012511473A JPWO2012029977A1 JP WO2012029977 A1 JPWO2012029977 A1 JP WO2012029977A1 JP 2012511473 A JP2012511473 A JP 2012511473A JP 2012511473 A JP2012511473 A JP 2012511473A JP WO2012029977 A1 JPWO2012029977 A1 JP WO2012029977A1
- Authority
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- Prior art keywords
- coating film
- chromate
- metal plate
- particles
- coating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 112
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 111
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 223
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 222
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 144
- 229920005672 polyolefin resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims description 16
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- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims description 5
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- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 92
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(6+) Chemical compound [Cr+6] JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
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- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical group OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 238000002296 dynamic light scattering Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
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Images
Classifications
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Abstract
Description
耐食性や耐傷付き性を向上させる技術の一つとして無機酸化物粒子を、有機樹脂を造膜成分とした塗膜に添加する技術が知られている。しかし、無機酸化物粒子の添加は塗膜の伸び特性を低下させてしまうため、加工性と耐食性、耐傷付き性を両立させることは、従来難しい課題であった。
また、耐傷付き性を向上させる技術の一つとしてポリオレフィン樹脂粒子やフッ素樹脂粒子、二硫化モリブデン粒子等の潤滑剤を塗膜に添加する技術も知られている。しかし、クロメートフリーで、且つ塗装金属板としては比較的薄膜の10μm以下の塗膜においては、これら潤滑剤の添加条件によっては、大幅に耐食性が低下する場合があることが新たに判明した。
そこで、本発明者らはこれらの課題を克服すべく鋭意検討を重ねてきた結果、有機樹脂を造膜成分とした塗膜に、特定の粒子形状を持った2種類の粒子径範囲の異なるシリカ粒子を分散添加することで、加工性を低下させることなく、耐食性、耐傷付き性を大幅に改善できるとの知見を得た。
加えて、塗膜に添加する潤滑剤としてはポリオレフィン樹脂粒子が好適であり、ポリオレフィン樹脂粒子の平均粒子径を限定し、更に塗膜厚とこのポリオレフィン樹脂粒子の平均粒子径の比を特定の範囲に制御することで耐食性を低下させることなく、大幅に耐傷付き性を改善できるとの知見を得た。
これらの知見を組み合わせることで、クロメートフリーであり、10μm以下の薄膜塗装金属板において、相反する性能である加工性と耐食性、耐傷付き性を高次元で両立させることに成功した。
前記ポリオレフィン樹脂粒子(D)の平均粒子径をaμm、前記塗膜(α)の厚みをbμmとしたとき、0.5≦a≦3、2≦b≦10、0.1≦a/b≦0.8を満足し、
前記シリカ粒子(C)が、平均粒子径5〜50nmの球状シリカ粒子(C1)と平均粒子径0.3〜5μmの球状シリカ粒子(C2)の両方を含有することを特徴とする、クロメートフリー塗装金属板。
前記ポリオレフィン樹脂粒子(D)の平均粒子径が0.5〜3μmであり、
前記シリカ粒子(C)が、平均粒子径5〜50nmの球状シリカ粒子(C1)と平均粒子径0.3〜5μmの球状シリカ粒子(C2)の両方を含有することを特徴とする、水系塗料組成物(X)。
メラミン樹脂(B1)はメラミンとホルムアルデヒドとを縮合して得られる生成物のメチロール基の一部またはすべてをメタノール、エタノール、ブタノールなどの低級アルコールでエーテル化した樹脂である。
すなわち、「耐アブレージョン性」を有する塗装鋼板であっても、必ずしも「耐傷付き性」を満足するとは言えない。例えば、上記の麟片状シリカを用いる場合には、後で述べる様に球状シリカのようにシリカ粒子が転がりながら被接触物との接触を避けるという作用効果を得ることがでず、摩擦抵抗が大きくなる。このため麟片状シリカは耐アブレージョン性の確保には有用であるが耐傷付き性に対する効果は期待出来ない。
使用した金属板の種類を、表1に示す。めっきを施した金属板の基材には、板厚0.5mmの軟鋼板を使用した。SUS板についてはフェライト系ステンレス鋼板(鋼成分:C;0.008質量%、Si;0.07質量%、Mn;0.15質量%、P;0.011質量%、S;0.009質量%、Al;0.067質量%、Cr;17.3質量%、Mo;1.51質量%、N;0.0051質量%、Ti;0.22質量%、残部Feおよび不可避的不純物)を使用した。金属板は表面をアルカリ脱脂処理、水洗乾燥して使用した。
下地処理層を形成するためのコーティング剤は、有機樹脂(表2)、シランカップリング剤(表3)、ポリフェノール化合物(表4)を表5に示す配合量(固形分質量%)で配合し、塗料用分散機を用いて攪拌することで調整した。上記(1)で準備した金属板の表面に該コーティング剤を100mg/m2の付着量になるようにロールコーターで塗装し、到達板温度70℃の条件で乾燥させることで、必要に応じて下地処理層(β1〜β9)を形成させた。
塗膜を形成するための塗料組成物は、有機樹脂(A)(下記製造例1〜5および表6)、硬化剤(B)(表7)、シリカ粒子(C)(表8)、ポリオレフィン樹脂粒子(D)(表9)、着色顔料(E)(表10)、アクリル樹脂、シリコーン樹脂から選ばれる少なくとも1種の樹脂粒子(F)(表11)を、表12〜表22に示す配合量(固形分質量%)で配合し、塗料用分散機を用いて攪拌することで調整した。前記(2)で形成した下地処理層(下地処理層がない場合は前記(1)で準備した金属板)の上層に、上記塗料組成物を所定の膜厚になるようにロールコーターで塗装し、所定の到達板焼付温度で加熱乾燥し、塗膜を形成させた。
攪拌機、コンデンサー、温度計を具備した反応容器にテレフタル酸199部、イソフタル酸232部、アジピン酸199部、5−ナトリウムスルホイソフタル酸33部、エチレングリコール312部、2,2−ジメチル−1,3−プロパンジオール125部、1,5−ペンタンジオール187部、テトラブチルチタネート0.41部を仕込み、160℃から230℃まで4時間かけてエステル化反応を行った。次いで系内を徐々に減圧していき、20分かけて5mmHgまで減圧し、さらに0.3mmHg以下の真空下、260℃にて40分間重縮合反応を行った。得られた共重合ポリエステル樹脂100部に、ブチルセロソルブ20部、メチルエチルケトン42部を投入した後、80℃で2時間攪拌溶解を行い、更に213gのイオン交換水を投入し、水分散を行った。その後、加熱しながら溶剤を留去、200メッシュのナイロンメッシュでろ過し、固形分濃度30%のポリエステル樹脂水分散体(A1)を得た。
攪拌機、コンデンサー、温度計を具備した反応容器にテレフタル酸199部、イソフタル酸266部、アジピン酸199部、エチレングリコール312部、2,2−ジメチル−1,3−プロパンジオール125部、1,5−ペンタンジオール187部、テトラブチルチタネート0.41部を仕込み、160℃から230℃まで4時間かけてエステル化反応を行った。次いで系内を徐々に減圧していき、20分かけて5mmHgまで減圧し、さらに0.3mmHg以下の真空下、260℃にて40分間重縮合反応を行った。窒素気流下、220℃まで冷却し、無水トリメリット酸を23部、エチレングリコールビスアンヒドロトリメリテート16部を投入し、30分間反応を行った。得られた共重合ポリエステル樹脂100部、ブチルセロソルブ20部、メチルエチルケトン42部を投入した後、80℃で2時間攪拌溶解を行い、イソプロピルアルコール23部、トリエチルアミン3.5部を投入し、213部のイオン交換水で水分散を行った。その後、加熱しながら溶剤を留去、200メッシュのナイロンメッシュでろ過し、固形分濃度30%のポリエステル樹脂水分散体(A2)を得た。
攪拌機、コンデンサー、温度計を具備した反応容器にテレフタル酸199部、イソフタル酸232部、アジピン酸199部、5−ナトリウムスルホイソフタル酸33部、エチレングリコール250部、2,2−ジメチル−1,3−プロパンジオール125部、1,5−ペンタンジオール187部、ビスフェノールAエチレンオキサイド付加物62部、テトラブチルチタネート0.41部を仕込み、160℃から230℃まで4時間かけてエステル化反応を行った。次いで系内を徐々に減圧していき、20分かけて5mmHgまで減圧し、さらに0.3mmHg以下の真空下、260℃にて40分間重縮合反応を行った。得られた共重合ポリエステル樹脂100部に、ブチルセロソルブ20部、メチルエチルケトン42部を投入した後、80℃で2時間攪拌溶解を行い、更に213gのイオン交換水を投入し、水分散を行った。その後、加熱しながら溶剤を留去、200メッシュのナイロンメッシュでろ過し、固形分濃度30%のポリエステル樹脂水分散体(A3)を得た。
末端にヒドロキシル基を有するアジピン酸と1,4−ブチレングリコールから合成された平均分子量900のポリエステルポリオール230部、2,2−ビス(ヒドロキシメチル)プロピオン酸15部をN−メチル2−ピロリドン100部に加え、80℃に加温して溶解させた。その後、ヘキサメチレンジイソシアネート100部を加え、110℃に加温して2時間反応させ、トリエチルアミンを11部加えて中和した。この溶液をエチレンジアミン5部とイオン交換水570部とを混合した水溶液に強攪拌下において滴下して、固形分濃度30%のポリウレタン樹脂水分散体(A4)を得た。
末端にヒドロキシル基を有するアジピン酸と1,4−ブチレングリコールから合成された平均分子量900のポリエステルポリオール80部、平均分子量700のビスフェノールAプロピレンオキサイド3モル付加物120部、および2,2−ビス(ヒドロキシメチル)プロピオン酸12部をN−メチル2−ピロリドン100部に加え、80℃に加温して溶解させた。その後、ヘキサメチレンジイソシアネート100部を加え、110℃に加温して2時間反応させ、トリエチルアミンを11部加えて中和した。この溶液をエチレンジアミン5部とイオン交換水570部とを混合した水溶液に強攪拌下において滴下して、固形分濃度30%のポリウレタン樹脂(A5)を得た。
上記(1)〜(3)で作成した塗装金属板の塗膜構成および塗膜の膜厚、到達板温度、加熱乾燥時間、冷却方法(加熱乾燥後、直後に水没して急速冷却したものには水冷と記載し、加熱乾燥後自然放冷したものには放冷と記載)、水冷時の水冷水の温度を表12〜表22に示す。また、前記ポリオレフィン樹脂粒子(D)の軟化点をTS℃、水冷時の前記金属板の板温度をTM℃、水冷水の水温度をTW℃としたときに、TM>TS、またはTW≧(TM−150)/4が成立するか否か(成立性と表記)も表12〜表22に示す(成立するものには○、成立しないものには×と記載)。
上記(4)で得られた塗装金属板(試験板)について、加工性、耐食性、耐傷付き性を下記に示す評価方法および評価基準にて評価した。その評価結果を表23〜表29に示す。
試験板に180°折り曲げ加工を施し、折り曲げ部外側の外観を下記の評価基準で評価した。折り曲げ加工は20℃雰囲気中で、0.5mmのスペーサーを間に挟んで実施した(一般に1T曲げと呼ばれる)。
5:塗膜に亀裂等の不具合がなく、均一な外観である。塗膜が着色されている場合、均一な着色外観であり、色落ちも認められない。
4:塗膜に極僅かの亀裂が認められるが、ほぼ均一な外観である。塗膜が着色されている場合、やや色落ちが認められるが、ほぼ均一な着色外観である。(試験前の試験板を横に並べて何とか分かるレベル)。
3:塗膜に僅かの亀裂が認められため、やや不均一な外観である。塗膜が着色されている場合、やや色落ちが認められるが、ほぼ均一な着色外観である。(試験前の試験板を横に並べると容易に分かるレベル)。
2:塗膜に亀裂が認められ、不均一な外観である。塗膜が着色されている場合、色落ちが認められる(試験板のみ見て何とか分かるレベル)。
1:塗膜に亀裂が認められ、不均一な外観である。塗膜が着色されている場合、色落ちが著しい(試験板のみ見て容易に分かるレベル)。
試験板の端面をテープシールした後、JIS Z2371に準拠した塩水噴霧試験(SST)を120時間行い、錆発生状況を観察し、下記の評価基準で評価した。
5:錆発生なし。
4:錆発生面積が1%未満。
3:錆発生面積が1%以上、2.5%未満。
2:錆発生面積が2.5%以上、5%未満。
1:錆発生面積が5%以上。
試験板をラビングテスターに設置後、スチールウール(#0000)を49.03kPa(0.5kgf/cm2)および196.12kPa(2.0kgf/cm2)の荷重で10往復擦った後の皮膜状態を下記の評価基準で評価した。
5:擦り面に全く傷が付かない。
4:擦り面に極僅かに傷が付く(目を凝らして何とか擦り跡が判別できるレベル)。
3:擦り面に僅かに傷が付く(目を凝らすと容易に擦り跡が判別できるレベル)。
2:擦り面に明確な傷が付く(瞬時に擦り跡が判別できるレベル)。
1:擦り面の下地金属板が露出する。
Claims (15)
- 金属板の少なくとも片面に、有機樹脂(A)を造膜成分とし、シリカ粒子(C)、ポリオレフィン樹脂粒子(D)を含んでなる塗膜(α)を有するクロメートフリー塗装金属板であって、
前記ポリオレフィン樹脂粒子(D)の平均粒子径をaμm、前記塗膜(α)の厚みをbμmとしたとき、0.5≦a≦3、2≦b≦10、0.1≦a/b≦0.8を満足し、
前記シリカ粒子(C)が、平均粒子径5〜50nmの球状シリカ粒子(C1)と平均粒子径0.3〜5μmの球状シリカ粒子(C2)の両方を含有することを特徴とする、クロメートフリー塗装金属板。 - 前記有機樹脂(A)が、構造中にスルホン酸基を含むポリエステル樹脂(Ae)を含有することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のクロメートフリー塗装金属板。
- 前記有機樹脂(A)が、構造中にウレア基を含むポリウレタン樹脂(Au)をさらに含有することを特徴とする、請求項2に記載のクロメートフリー塗装金属板。
- 前記塗膜(α)が、着色顔料(E)をさらに含有することを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載のクロメートフリー塗装金属板。
- 前記ポリオレフィン樹脂粒子(D)の軟化点が125℃以上であることを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載のクロメートフリー塗装金属板。
- 前記ポリオレフィン樹脂粒子(D)が、密度950kg/m3以上であり、且つ針入度法硬度が2以下である高密度ポリエチレン樹脂粒子(D1)であることを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載のクロメートフリー塗装金属板。
- 前記ポリオレフィン樹脂粒子(D)の平均分子量が3000〜6000であることを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載のクロメートフリー塗装金属板。
- 前記ポリオレフィン樹脂粒子(D)の前記塗膜(α)中の含有量が0.5〜10質量%であることを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載のクロメートフリー塗装金属板。
- 前記球状シリカ粒子(C2)の平均粒子径をcμm、前記塗膜(α)の厚みをbμmとしたとき、0.1≦c/b≦0.7を満足することを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載のクロメートフリー塗装金属板。
- 前記有機樹脂(A)が硬化剤(B)によって硬化された樹脂であることを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載のクロメートフリー塗装金属板。
- 前記硬化剤(B)がメラミン樹脂(B1)を含有することを特徴とする、請求項10に記載のクロメートフリー塗装金属板。
- 請求項1または2に記載の前記塗膜(α)が、前記塗膜(α)の構成成分を含む水系塗料組成物(X)を、金属板の少なくとも片面に塗布、加熱乾燥することで形成されていることを特徴とする、クロメートフリー塗装金属板。
- 前記水系塗料組成物(X)の加熱乾燥時の温度が前記金属板の到達板温で150〜250℃の範囲にあり、且つ加熱乾燥時間が2.5〜20秒の範囲にあることを特徴とする、請求項11に記載のクロメートフリー塗装金属板。
- 前記水系塗料組成物(X)の加熱乾燥後に、さらに水冷工程があり、前記ポリオレフィン樹脂粒子(D)の軟化点をTS℃、水冷時の前記金属板の板温度をTM℃、水冷水の水温度をTW℃としたときに、TM>TS、TW≧(TM−150)/4を満足することを特徴とする、請求項11に記載のクロメートフリー塗装金属板。
- 有機樹脂(A)、シリカ粒子(C)、ポリオレフィン樹脂粒子(D)を含有する水系塗料組成物(X)であって、
前記ポリオレフィン樹脂粒子(D)の平均粒子径が0.5〜3μmであり、
前記シリカ粒子(C)が、平均粒子径5〜50nmの球状シリカ粒子(C1)と平均粒子径0.3〜5μmの球状シリカ粒子(C2)の両方を含有することを特徴とする、水系塗料組成物(X)。
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