JPWO2011096469A1 - 充電方法 - Google Patents
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- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 127
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 117
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 150000002642 lithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 238000010280 constant potential charging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910020680 Co—Ni—Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 6
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010281 constant-current constant-voltage charging Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010277 constant-current charging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 3
- QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dilithium;dioxido(dioxo)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 229910021450 lithium metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910003286 Ni-Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011883 electrode binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/46—Accumulators structurally combined with charging apparatus
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
- H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/5825—Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
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- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
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- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
Abstract
Description
これは、鉄系電池の充電特性が、充電の進行に対する電圧の上昇率が非常に小さい特性であることに起因している。
また、図4に示すような鉄系電池の充電特性に対応して充電回路の切替精度を向上させるには、切替電圧の設定誤差を±10mV以下に抑える必要があり、大電流で充電する必要のある充電回路でそのような精度を得ようとするのは現実的ではない。
更に、単に充電電流を下げるというのでは、充電受入性が高く急速充電に向いているというリチウムイオン電池のメリットをスポイルしてしまうという不都合がある。
このため、図4に示した「LiFePO4」の充電特性において、例えば電池電圧を3.6Vに設定すると、上記の電池の劣化が進み出す電池電圧(例えば、4.2V)に対して十分にマージンがあり、しかも、電圧平坦部の電圧よりは十分高いので、充電不足に陥ってしまうこともない。
また、前記鉄成分を含むリチウム化合物に、前記特定のリチウム化合物が正極活物質として正極材料に混入され、複数個の単電池を直列接続して構成された組電池としての前記リチウムイオン電池に対して、準定電圧充電法を用いて充電すると、組電池として構成されている複数のリチウムイオン電池の単電池間の充電ばらつきを的確に抑制しながらも、安価な回路で安全に充電できるようになる。
図1には、本発明を実施するために使用する充電回路CCが例示されている。
充電回路CCには、一般に商用電源が使用される交流電源ACからの通電を入り切りする開閉器1と、交流電源ACの電圧を所望の電圧に変圧するトランス2と、ダイオードブリッジ等で構成される整流回路3とを備えている。
先ず、上記の正極活物質、結着剤及び溶媒と、必要であれば導電補助材とを混合したペースト(スラリー)をアルミ箔からなる集電体に塗布した後、乾燥させて正極板とする。エネルギー密度を更に向上させる必要があれば、乾燥後の正極板をプレスすれば良い。
第2実施形態は、充電対象のリチウムイオン電池10の正極板の構成が第1実施形態異なることと、リチウムイオン電池10が、単電池ではなく、単電池を複数個直列に接続した組電池として構成していることである。
CC 充電回路
Claims (10)
- リチウムイオン電池を充電する充電方法であって、
鉄成分を含むリチウム化合物が正極活物質として正極材料に使用されたリチウムイオン電池に対して、準定電圧充電法を用いて充電する充電方法。 - リチウムイオン電池を充電する充電方法であって、
前記リチウムイオン電池は、鉄成分を含むリチウム化合物と、充電特性における電圧平坦部の電圧が前記鉄成分を含むリチウム化合物を正極活物質とした場合よりも高い電圧となる特定のリチウム化合物とを有する正極活物質を正極材料に使用し、且つ、複数個の単電池を直列接続して構成された組電池としての前記リチウムイオン電池に対して、準定電圧充電法を用いて充電するリチウムイオン電池の充電方法充電方法。 - 鉄成分を含むリチウム化合物と、充電特性における電圧平坦部の電圧が前記鉄成分を含むリチウム化合物を正極活物質とした場合よりも高い電圧となる特定のリチウム化合物とを有する正極活物質を正極材料に使用した複数個のリチウムイオン電池を直列接続し、バランス回路を備えて構成された組電池に対して、開閉器、トランス、ダイオードブリッジを有し、充電電流が増大すると印加電圧を低下させる垂下特性を持たせた充電回路を用いて充電する充電方法。
- 鉄成分を含むリチウム化合物と、充電特性における電圧平坦部の電圧が前記鉄成分を含むリチウム化合物を正極活物質とした場合よりも高い電圧となる特定のリチウム化合物とを有する正極活物質を正極材料に使用した4個のリチウムイオン電池を直列接続して構成された組電池に対して、準定電圧充電法を用いて充電する充電方法。
- DC12V用の充電器を用いて前記組電池を充電する請求項4記載の充電方法。
- 前記リチウムイオン電池の負極材料にグラファイトが用いられている請求項1から4の何れかに記載の充電方法。
- 前記鉄成分を含むリチウム化合物が、LiFePO4である請求項1から4の何れかに記載の充電方法。
- 前記特定のリチウム化合物は、LiCoO2,ニッケル系のLiNiO2,マンガン系のLiMn2O4,あるいは,Li−Co−Ni−Mn系酸化物である請求項2から4の何れかに記載の充電方法。
- 前記鉄成分を含むリチウム化合物に対する、前記特定のリチウム化合物の割合は、5質量パーセント以下である請求項2から4の何れかに記載の充電方法。
- 前記特定のリチウム化合物は、LiCoO2,ニッケル系のLiNiO2,マンガン系のLiMn2O4,あるいは,Li−Co−Ni−Mn系酸化物であり、前記鉄成分を含むリチウム化合物に対する、前記特定のリチウム化合物の割合は、5質量パーセント以下である請求項2から4の何れかに記載の充電方法。
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US20120231341A1 (en) * | 2011-03-09 | 2012-09-13 | Jun-Sik Kim | Positive active material, and electrode and lithium battery containing the positive active material |
JP6260106B2 (ja) | 2013-04-25 | 2018-01-17 | 株式会社Gsユアサ | 蓄電装置 |
JP2015191878A (ja) * | 2014-03-31 | 2015-11-02 | 株式会社日立製作所 | リチウムイオン二次電池システムおよびリチウムイオン二次電池の状態診断方法 |
US9007015B1 (en) * | 2014-07-03 | 2015-04-14 | The Noco Company | Portable vehicle battery jump start apparatus with safety protection |
US11458851B2 (en) | 2014-07-03 | 2022-10-04 | The Noco Company | Jump starting apparatus |
CN104090158A (zh) * | 2014-07-04 | 2014-10-08 | 东莞林发电子有限公司 | 充电进程指示系统及方法 |
EP3611818A4 (en) * | 2017-04-14 | 2021-01-06 | Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | CHARGING DEVICE, CHARGING PROCESS, SECONDARY BATTERY, BATTERY PACK, ELECTRIC VEHICLE, ELECTRICITY STORAGE DEVICE, ELECTRONIC DEVICE AND ELECTRICITY STORAGE SYSTEM |
US10673340B2 (en) | 2017-11-16 | 2020-06-02 | Abb Schweiz Ag | Isolated boost-buck power converter |
GB2605117B (en) | 2017-12-14 | 2023-02-15 | Noco Co | Portable vehicle battery jump starter with air pump |
JP6968774B2 (ja) * | 2018-09-26 | 2021-11-17 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | リチウムイオン電池の制御装置、リチウムイオン電池の制御方法、およびプログラム |
JP6681963B1 (ja) * | 2018-10-31 | 2020-04-15 | 日本たばこ産業株式会社 | エアロゾル吸引器用の電源ユニット、その制御方法及び制御プログラム |
US20240170646A1 (en) * | 2021-04-01 | 2024-05-23 | Gs Yuasa International Ltd. | Positive active material for nonaqueous electrolyte energy storage device, positive electrode for nonaqueous electrolyte energy storage device, nonaqueous electrolyte energy storage device, energy storage unit, and energy storage apparatus |
CN114725549B (zh) * | 2021-05-25 | 2022-10-04 | 浙江大学 | 锂金属电池的充电方法及充电装置 |
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Publication number | Publication date |
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CN102754271A (zh) | 2012-10-24 |
KR20160003310A (ko) | 2016-01-08 |
JP5742990B2 (ja) | 2015-07-01 |
WO2011096469A1 (ja) | 2011-08-11 |
EP2533347A4 (en) | 2016-11-23 |
EP2533347B1 (en) | 2018-04-04 |
US9601800B2 (en) | 2017-03-21 |
JP5549684B2 (ja) | 2014-07-16 |
CN102754271B (zh) | 2015-07-01 |
CN105048012A (zh) | 2015-11-11 |
KR20120140647A (ko) | 2012-12-31 |
EP2533347A1 (en) | 2012-12-12 |
JP2014143208A (ja) | 2014-08-07 |
KR101671775B1 (ko) | 2016-11-02 |
CN105048012B (zh) | 2018-12-18 |
KR101671774B1 (ko) | 2016-11-02 |
US20120293126A1 (en) | 2012-11-22 |
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