JPWO2011036907A1 - 電池およびエネルギーシステム - Google Patents
電池およびエネルギーシステム Download PDFInfo
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- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- -1 alkaline earth metal cations Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 125000003709 fluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 73
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002482 conductive additive Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- NPYPAHLBTDXSSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium ion Chemical compound [K+] NPYPAHLBTDXSSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001414 potassium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001447 alkali salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- MHEBVKPOSBNNAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium;bis(fluorosulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [K+].FS(=O)(=O)[N-]S(F)(=O)=O MHEBVKPOSBNNAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910021201 NaFSI Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- VCCATSJUUVERFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound FS(=O)(=O)N([Na])S(F)(=O)=O VCCATSJUUVERFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- YLKTWKVVQDCJFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Na+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F YLKTWKVVQDCJFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 8
- BNOODXBBXFZASF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Na].[S] Chemical compound [Na].[S] BNOODXBBXFZASF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229940125898 compound 5 Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 6
- FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N thionyl chloride Chemical compound ClS(Cl)=O FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaminophen Chemical compound CC(=O)NC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910019730 CsFSI Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910010941 LiFSI Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910003473 lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(fluorosulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FS(=O)(=O)[N-]S(F)(=O)=O VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- KVFIZLDWRFTUEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [K+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F KVFIZLDWRFTUEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000005297 pyrex Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003566 sealing material Substances 0.000 description 3
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002892 organic cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 2
- 239000012855 volatile organic compound Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000873 Beta-alumina solid electrolyte Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003411 electrode reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001841 imino group Chemical group [H]N=* 0.000 description 1
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O pyridinium Chemical compound C1=CC=[NH+]C=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002043 β-alumina solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/381—Alkaline or alkaline earth metals elements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
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- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
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Abstract
Description
NaxM1yM2zM3w …(II)
式(II)において、M1は、Fe(鉄)、Ti(チタン)、Cr(クロム)またはMn(マンガン)のいずれか1種を示し、M2は、PO4(四酸化リン)またはS(硫黄)のいずれか一方を示し、M3は、F(フッ素)またはO(酸素)のいずれか一方を示し、Na(ナトリウム)の組成比xは、0≦x≦2の関係を満たす実数であり、M1の組成比yは、0≦y≦1の関係を満たす実数であり、M2の組成比zは、0≦z≦2の関係を満たす実数であり、M3の組成比wは、0≦w≦3の関係を満たす実数であって、x+y>0の関係を満たすとともに、z+w>0の関係を満たすことが好ましい。
また、本発明の電池において、正極は、バインダーをさらに含むことが好ましい。
図1に、本発明の電池の一例である実施の形態の電池の模式的な構成を示す。ここで、本実施の形態の電池1は、たとえば金属などの導電性材料からなる下皿2bと、下皿2b上に設置された正極4と、正極4上に設置されたたとえばガラスメッシュなどからなるセパレータ8と、セパレータ8上に設置されたナトリウムを主成分(ナトリウムの含有量が50質量%以上)とする導電性材料からなる負極3と、負極3上に設置されたたとえば金属などの導電性材料からなる上蓋2aとを備えている。
なお、上記の式(II)において、M1は、Fe、Ti、CrまたはMnのいずれか1種を示し、M2は、PO4またはSのいずれか一方を示し、M3は、FまたはOのいずれか一方を示す。
負極3:Na→ ←Na++e-(右向きが放電反応、左向きが充電反応) …(III)
正極4:NaCrO2 → ←xNa++xe-+Na1-xCrO2(右向きが充電反応、左向きが放電反応) …(IV)
また、電池1は、一次電池としての使用も可能である。
図2に、図1に示す電池1を用いた本発明のエネルギーシステムの一例である実施の形態のエネルギーシステムの模式的な構成を示す。
(i)電解質の作製
まず、アルゴン雰囲気のグローブボックス内で、KFSI(第一工業製薬(株)製)と、NaClO4(Aldrich社製:純度98%)とがそれぞれ同モルとなるように秤量した後、KFSIとNaClO4とをそれぞれアセトニトリルに溶解して30分間攪拌することにより混合して、以下の化学反応式(V)により反応させた。
次に、上記の反応後の溶液中に沈殿したKClO4を減圧濾過により除去した後、KClO4の除去後の溶液をパイレックス(登録商標)製の真空容器に入れ、真空ポンプによって333Kで2日間真空引きを行なうことによって、アセトニトリルを除去した。
その後、ジクロロメタンによる洗浄を3回行なって塩化チオニルを除去した後、塩化チオニルの除去後の物質をPFAチューブに入れ、真空ポンプによって323Kで2日間真空引きを行なうことによってジクロロメタンを除去した。これにより、白色の粉末状のNaFSIを得た。
まず、Na2CO3(和光純薬工業(株)製)とCr2O3(和光純薬工業(株)製)とをモル比1:1で混合した後にペレット状に成形し、アルゴン気流中で1223Kの温度で5時間焼成することによって、NaCrO2を得た。
まず、上記のようにして作製した正極のAlメッシュ側をAlからなる下皿側にして、正極を下皿上に設置した。
上記のようにして作製した実施例1の電池について、動作温度80℃、充電開始電圧2.5Vおよび放電開始電圧3.5Vの条件で、10サイクルの充放電試験を行ない、10サイクル後の放電容量を測定した。その結果を表1に示す。なお、図3に、充電開始電圧、放電開始電圧および放電容量をそれぞれ図解するための充放電曲線の概略を示す。
正極のNaCrO2を市販のTiS2に置き換えたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、実施例2の電池を作製した。
正極のNaCrO2を市販のFeF3に置き換えたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、実施例3の電池を作製した。
KFSI粉末の代わりにNaTFSI粉末を用いてNaFSI−NaTFSI溶融塩を作製し、NaFSI−KFSI溶融塩の代わりにNaFSI−NaTFSI溶融塩を用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、実施例4の電池を作製した。なお、NaTFSI粉末の作製方法については後述する。
(i)電解質の作製
まず、アルゴン雰囲気のグローブボックス内で、HTFSI(森田化学工業(株)製:純度99%以上)と、Na2CO3(和光純薬化学工業(株)製:純度99.5%)とをそれぞれHTFSI:Na2CO3=2:1のモル比となるように秤量した後、HTFSIとNa2CO3とをそれぞれエタノールに溶解して30分間攪拌することにより混合して、以下の化学反応式(VII)により反応させた。
次に、ロータリーエバポレーターにより、数時間攪拌しながら、粗くエタノールを取り除いた。これをパイレックス(登録商標)製の真空容器に入れ、真空ポンプによって353Kで24時間、373Kで24時間、403Kで24時間それぞれ真空引きを行なうことによってエタノールを除去して乾燥させることによって、白色の粉末状のNaTFSIを得た。
次に、ロータリーエバポレーターにより、数時間攪拌しながら、粗くエタノールを取り除いた。これをパイレックス(登録商標)製の真空容器に入れ、真空ポンプによって353Kで24時間、373Kで24時間、403Kで24時間それぞれ真空引きを行なうことによってエタノールを除去して乾燥させることによって、白色の粉末状のCsTFSIを得た。
実施例1と同様にして、NaCrO2、アセチレンブラックおよびPTFEを質量比80:15:5で混練した後にAlメッシュ上に圧着することによって正極を作製した。
まず、上記のようにして作製した正極のAlメッシュ側をAlからなる下皿側にして、正極を下皿上に設置した。
上記のようにして作製した実施例5の電池について、動作温度150℃、充電開始電圧2.3Vおよび放電開始電圧3.1Vの条件で、10サイクルの充放電試験を行ない、10サイクル後の放電容量を測定した。その結果を表2に示す。なお、図3に、充電開始電圧、放電開始電圧および放電容量をそれぞれ図解するための充放電曲線の概略を示す。
正極のNaCrO2を市販のTiS2に置き換えたこと以外は実施例5と同様にして、実施例6の電池を作製した。
正極のNaCrO2を市販のFeF3に置き換えたこと以外は実施例5と同様にして、実施例7の電池を作製した。
Claims (6)
- 前記正極(4)は、下記の式(II)で表わされる金属または金属化合物を含み、
NaxM1yM2zM3w …(II)
前記式(II)において、
M1は、Fe、Ti、CrまたはMnのいずれか1種を示し、
M2は、PO4またはSのいずれか一方を示し、
M3は、FまたはOのいずれか一方を示し、
Naの組成比xは、0≦x≦2の関係を満たす実数であり、
M1の組成比yは、0≦y≦1の関係を満たす実数であり、
M2の組成比zは、0≦z≦2の関係を満たす実数であり、
M3の組成比wは、0≦w≦3の関係を満たす実数であり、
x+y>0の関係を満たすとともに、z+w>0の関係を満たす、請求の範囲第1項に記載の電池。 - 前記正極(4)は、導電助剤をさらに含む、請求の範囲第2項に記載の電池。
- 前記正極(4)は、バインダーをさらに含む、請求の範囲第2項に記載の電池。
- 前記金属のカチオンは、カリウムイオンおよび/またはナトリウムイオンである、請求の範囲第1項に記載の電池。
- 電気エネルギーを発生させるための電気エネルギー発生装置(10,13,18,19,20)と、
前記電気エネルギー発生装置(10,13,18,19,20)で発生した電気エネルギーを充電可能であるとともに充電された電気エネルギーを放電可能である二次電池(1,100a,100b,100c,100d,100e)と、
前記電気エネルギー発生装置(10,13,18,19,20)と前記二次電池(1,100a,100b,100c,100d,100e)とを電気的に接続するための配線(21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33)と、を備えており、
前記二次電池(1,100a,100b,100c,100d,100e)は、
正極(4)と、
ナトリウムを主成分とする負極(3)と、
前記正極(4)と前記負極(3)との間に設置された電解質と、を備え、
前記電解質は、下記の式(I)で表わされるアニオンと、金属のカチオンとを含む溶融塩であり、
前記金属のカチオンは、アルカリ金属のカチオンの少なくとも1種およびアルカリ土類金属のカチオンの少なくとも1種の少なくとも一方を含む、エネルギーシステム。
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