JPWO2009116446A1 - 高分子電解質及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
高分子電解質及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JPWO2009116446A1 JPWO2009116446A1 JP2010503846A JP2010503846A JPWO2009116446A1 JP WO2009116446 A1 JPWO2009116446 A1 JP WO2009116446A1 JP 2010503846 A JP2010503846 A JP 2010503846A JP 2010503846 A JP2010503846 A JP 2010503846A JP WO2009116446 A1 JPWO2009116446 A1 JP WO2009116446A1
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- polymer electrolyte
- fluorine
- group
- hydrogen
- based polymer
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- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000896 monocarboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003002 pH adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010979 pH adjustment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical class OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphinate Chemical compound [O-][PH2]=O ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphinic acid Chemical compound O[PH2]=O ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005597 polymer membrane Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011085 pressure filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007870 radical polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002940 repellent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021481 rutherfordium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000235 small-angle X-ray scattering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MWNQXXOSWHCCOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium;oxido carbonate Chemical class [Na+].[O-]OC([O-])=O MWNQXXOSWHCCOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000000807 solvent casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010557 suspension polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert‐butyl hydroperoxide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OO CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
CF2=CF(CF2)k−Ol−(CF2CFY1−O)n−(CFY2)m−A1 (I)
(式中、Y1は、F、Cl又はパーフルオロアルキル基を表す。kは0〜2の整数、lは0又は1、nは、0〜8の整数を表し、n個のY1は、同一でも異なっていてもよい。Y2はF又はClを表す。mは0〜6の整数を表す。ただし、m=0の場合は、l=0、n=0である。m個のY2は、同一でも異なっていてもよい。A1はCOOZ又はSO3Z、Zはアルカリ金属、アルカリ土類金属、水素、又は、NR1R2R3R4を表す。R1、R2、R3及びR4はそれぞれ独立に炭素数1〜3のアルキル基又は水素を表す。)で表されるCOOZ基又はSO3Z基含有モノマーに由来する繰り返し単位(α)と、上記COOZ基又はSO3Z基含有モノマーと共重合可能なエチレン性フルオロモノマーに由来する繰り返し単位(β)とを含み、
繰り返し単位(α)が10〜95モル%、繰り返し単位(β)が5〜90モル%、繰り返し単位(α)と繰り返し単位(β)との和が95〜100モル%である
(1)記載のフッ素系高分子電解質。
d=λ/2/sin(θm) (1)
(式中、dはイオンクラスター間距離、λは小角X線測定に用いる入射X線波長、θmはピークを示すブラッグ角を表す。)
上記フッ素系高分子電解質前駆体は、上記化学処理によってCOOZ又はSO3Z(Zはアルカリ金属、アルカリ土類金属、水素、又は、NR1R2R3R4を表す。R1、R2、R3及びR4はそれぞれ独立に炭素数1〜3のアルキル基又は水素を表す。)に変換される基を有し、溶融流動可能であり、メルトフローレートが0.01〜100g/10分である(1)、(2)、(3)、(4)又は(5)記載のフッ素系高分子電解質。
イオンクラスター間距離の上限は、より好ましくは2.5nmである。イオンクラスター間距離の下限は、より好ましくは0.5nm、さらに好ましくは1.0nm、特に好ましくは2.0nmである。
d=λ/2/sin(θm) (1)
(式中λは入射X線波長)
CF2=CF(CF2)k−Ol−(CF2CFY1−O)n−(CFY2)m−A1 (I)
(式中、Y1は、F、Cl又はパーフルオロアルキル基を表す。kは0〜2の整数、lは0又は1、nは、0〜8の整数を表し、n個のY1は、同一でも異なっていてもよい。Y2はF又はClを表す。mは0〜6の整数を表す。ただし、m=0の場合は、l=0、n=0となる。m個のY2は、同一でも異なっていてもよい。A1はCOOZ又はSO3Z、Zはアルカリ金属、アルカリ土類金属、水素、又は、NR1R2R3R4を表す。R1、R2、R3及びR4はそれぞれ独立に炭素数1〜3のアルキル基又は水素を表す。)で表されるCOOZ基又はSO3Z基含有モノマーに由来するものである。
CF2=CF−Rf1 (II)
(式中、Rf1は、F、Cl又は炭素数1〜9の直鎖状又は分岐状のフルオロアルキル基を表す。)
で表されるハロエチレン性フルオロモノマー、あるいは下記一般式(III)
CHY3=CFY4 (III)
(式中、Y3はH又はFを表し、Y4はH、F、Cl又は炭素数1〜9の直鎖状又は分岐状のフルオロアルキル基を表す。)
で表される水素含有フルオロエチレン性フルオロモノマー等が挙げられる。
なお、フッ素系高分子電解質のポリマー組成は、例えば、300℃における溶融NMRの測定値から算出することができる。
CF2=CF−O−Rf2 (IV)
(式中、Rf2は、炭素数1〜9のフルオロアルキル基又は炭素数1〜9のフルオロポリエーテル基を表す。)
で表されるフルオロビニルエーテル、より好ましくはパーフルオロビニルエーテル、あるいは下記一般式(V)
CHY5=CF−O−Rf3 (V)
(式中、Y5は、H又はFを表し、Rf3は、炭素数1〜9のエーテル基を有していてもよい直鎖状又は分岐状のフルオロアルキル基を表す。)
で表される水素含有ビニルエーテル等が挙げられる。上記ビニルエーテルとしては、1種又は2種以上を用いることができる。
本発明のフッ素系高分子電解質は、例えば、後述する重合方法によりフッ素系高分子電解質前駆体を得る工程(1)、及び、上記フッ素系高分子電解質前駆体を化学処理してフッ素系高分子電解質を得る工程(2)を含む製造方法によって製造することができる。
CF2=CF(CF2)k−Ol−(CF2CFY1−O)n−(CFY2)m−A2 (VI)
(式中、Y1は、F、Cl又はパーフルオロアルキル基を表す。kは0〜2の整数、lは0又は1、nは、0〜8の整数を表し、n個のY1は、同一でも異なっていてもよい。Y2はF又はClを表す。mは0〜6の整数を表す。ただし、m=0の場合は、l=0、n=0となる。m個のY2は、同一でも異なっていてもよい。A2はSO2Z1又はCOZ2を表し、Z1はハロゲン元素を表し、Z2は炭素数1〜3のアルコキシ基、又はハロゲン元素を表す。)で表されるフッ化ビニル化合物が好ましい。
CF2=CFO(CF2)P−SO2F,
CF2=CFOCF2CF(CF3)O(CF2)P−SO2F,
CF2=CF(CF2)P−1−SO2F,
CF2=CF(OCF2CF(CF3))P−(CF2)P−1−SO2F,
CF2=CFO(CF2)P−CO2R,
CF2=CFOCF2CF(CF3)O(CF2)P−CO2R,
CF2=CF(CF2)P−CO2R,
CF2=CF(OCF2CF(CF3))P−(CF2)2−CO2R
(式中、Pは1〜8の整数、Rは炭素数1〜3のアルキル基を表す。)等が挙げられる。
本発明のフッ素系高分子電解質は、適切な溶媒(樹脂との親和性が良好な溶媒)に溶解又は懸濁させることできる。適切な溶媒としては、例えば、水やエタノール、メタノール、n−プロパノール、イソプロピルアルコール、ブタノール、グリセリンなどのプロトン性有機溶媒や、N,N−ジメチルホルムアミド、N,N−ジメチルアセトアミド、N−メチルピロリドンなどの非プロトン性溶媒等が挙げられる。これらは1種を単独で、又は2種以上を併用することができる。特に、1種の溶媒を用いる場合、水単独が好ましい。また、2種類以上を併用する場合、水とプロトン性有機溶媒との混合溶媒が特に好ましい。
イオン交換基の対イオンがプロトンの状態となっている高分子電解質膜、およそ2〜20cm2を、25℃、飽和NaCl水溶液30mlに浸漬し、攪拌しながら30分間放置した。次いで、飽和NaCl水溶液中のプロトンを、フェノールフタレインを指示薬として0.01N水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を用いて中和滴定した。中和後に得られた、イオン交換基の対イオンがナトリウムイオンの状態となっている高分子電解質膜を、純水ですすぎ、更に真空乾燥して秤量した。中和に要した水酸化ナトリウムの物質量をM(mmol)、イオン交換基の対イオンがナトリウムイオンの高分子電解質膜の重量をW(mg)とし、下記式(2)より当量重量EW(g/eq)を求めた。
EW=(W/M)−22 (2)
高分子電解質膜を厚みが0.25mm程度になるよう重ね、湿度制御可能な小角X線用セルにセットした。25℃50%RHの条件で30分保持した後、これに対してX線を入射し、散乱を測定した。測定条件は、X線波長λ0.154nm、カメラ長515mmで、検出器にはイメージングプレートを用いた。イメージングプレートにより得られた2次元散乱パターンに対しては、空セル散乱補正、検出器由来のバックグラウンド補正を施した後、円環平均を行うことで、1次元散乱プロフィールを得た。散乱強度をブラッグ角θに対してプロットした散乱プロフィールにおいて、2θ>1°に存在するクラスター構造由来のピーク位置におけるブラッグ角θmを読み取り、下記式(1)によりイオンクラスター間距離dを算出した。
d=λ/2/sin(θm) (1)
日本ベル株式会社製高分子膜水分量試験装置MSB−AD−V−FCを用いて以下のとおり測定した。50μmの厚みで製膜した高分子電解質膜を幅1cm、長さ3cmに切り出し、伝導度測定用セルにセットする。次いで、伝導度測定用セルを上記試験装置のチャンバー内にセットし、チャンバー内を110℃、1%RH未満に調整する。次いで、チャンバー内にイオン交換水を用いて生成した水蒸気を導入し10%RH、30%RH、50%RH、70%RH、90%RH、95%RHの順序でチャンバー内を加湿しながら上記各湿度での伝導度を測定した。
H=(H2−H1)/(σ2−σ1)×(0.1−σ1)+H1 (3)
(ただし、H2、σ2は、それぞれ伝導度が0.10S/cmを超える最初の測定点の相対湿度と伝導度であり、H1、σ1はそれぞれ伝導度が0.10S/cmを超えない最高の相対湿度とその際の伝導度である。)
フルオロポリマーのMFRの測定は、JIS K 7210に従って270℃、荷重2.16kgの条件下で、MELT INDEXER TYPE C−5059D(日本国東洋精機社製)を用いて測定した。押し出されたポリマーの質量を10分間あたりのグラム数で表した。
ポリマー組成は、300℃における溶融NMRの測定値から算出した。NMRは、ブルカー社製 フーリエ変換核磁気共鳴装置(FT−NMR) AC300Pを用いた。算出には、テトラフルオロエチレンとビニルエーテルに由来する−120ppm付近のピーク強度と、ビニルエーテルに由来する−80ppm付近のピーク強度を用いて、それぞれのピークの積分値から、ポリマーの組成を計算した。
CF2=CF2及びCF2=CF−O−(CF2)2−SO3Hに由来する繰り返し単位を含み、EWが527のフッ素系電解質を以下のように作製した。
CF2=CF2及びCF2=CF−O−(CF2)2−SO3Hに由来する繰り返し単位を含み、EWが578の本発明のフッ素系電解質を以下のように作製した。
CF2=CF2及びCF2=CF−O−(CF2)2−SO3Hに由来する繰り返し単位を含み、EWが662の本発明のフッ素系電解質を以下のように作製した。
CF2=CF2及びCF2=CF−O−(CF2)2−SO3Hに由来する繰り返し単位を含み、EWが512のフッ素系電解質を以下のように作製した。
CF2=CF2及びCF2=CF−O−(CF2)2−SO3Hに由来する繰り返し単位を含み、EWが559のフッ素系電解質を以下のように作製した。
CF2=CF2及びCF2=CF−O−(CF2)2−SO3Hに由来する繰り返し単位を含み、EWが720のフッ素系電解質を以下のように作製した。
CF2=CF2及びCF2=CFOCF2CF(CF3)O(CF2)2−SO3Hに由来する繰り返し単位を含み、EWが910のフッ素系電解質を以下のように作製した
CF2=CF2及びCF2=CF−O−(CF2)2−SO3Hに由来する繰り返し単位を含み、EWが705のフッ素系電解質を以下のように作製した。
CF2=CF2及びCF2=CF−O−(CF2)2−SO3Hに由来する繰り返し単位を含み、EWが455のフッ素系電解質を以下のように作製した。
Claims (14)
- 当量重量(EW)が250以上700以下であり、110℃相対湿度50%RHにおけるプロトン伝導度が0.10S/cm以上であり、COOZ基又はSO3Z基(Zはアルカリ金属、アルカリ土類金属、水素、又は、NR1R2R3R4を表す。R1、R2、R3及びR4はそれぞれ独立に炭素数1〜3のアルキル基又は水素を表す。)含有モノマー単位を有することを特徴とするフッ素系高分子電解質。
- 下記一般式(I)
CF2=CF(CF2)k−Ol−(CF2CFY1−O)n−(CFY2)m−A1 (I)
(式中、Y1は、F、Cl又はパーフルオロアルキル基を表す。kは0〜2の整数、lは0又は1、nは、0〜8の整数を表し、n個のY1は、同一でも異なっていてもよい。Y2はF又はClを表す。mは0〜6の整数を表す。ただし、m=0の場合は、l=0、n=0である。m個のY2は、同一でも異なっていてもよい。A1はCOOZ又はSO3Z、Zはアルカリ金属、アルカリ土類金属、水素、又は、NR1R2R3R4を表す。R1、R2、R3及びR4はそれぞれ独立に炭素数1〜3のアルキル基又は水素を表す。)で表されるCOOZ基又はSO3Z基含有モノマーに由来する繰り返し単位(α)と、前記COOZ基又はSO3Z基含有モノマーと共重合可能なエチレン性フルオロモノマーに由来する繰り返し単位(β)とを含み、
繰り返し単位(α)が10〜95モル%、繰り返し単位(β)が5〜90モル%、繰り返し単位(α)と繰り返し単位(β)との和が95〜100モル%である
請求項1記載のフッ素系高分子電解質。 - kが0であり、lが1であり、Y1がFであり、nが0又は1であり、Y2がFであり、mが2又は4であり、A1が−SO3Hである請求項2記載のフッ素系高分子電解質。
- nが0であり、mが2である請求項3記載のフッ素系高分子電解質。
- 小角X線測定を行い下記式(1)から算出される、25℃相対湿度50%RHにおけるイオンクラスター間距離が0.1nm以上2.6nm以下である請求項1、2、3又は4記載のフッ素系高分子電解質。
d=λ/2/sin(θm) (1)
(式中、dはイオンクラスター間距離、λは小角X線測定に用いる入射X線波長、θmはピークを示すブラッグ角を表す。) - フッ素系高分子電解質前駆体を化学処理して得られ、
前記フッ素系高分子電解質前駆体は、前記化学処理によってCOOZ又はSO3Z(Zはアルカリ金属、アルカリ土類金属、水素、又は、NR1R2R3R4を表す。R1、R2、R3及びR4はそれぞれ独立に炭素数1〜3のアルキル基又は水素を表す。)に変換される基を有し、溶融流動可能であり、メルトフローレートが0.01〜100g/10分である請求項1、2、3、4又は5記載のフッ素系高分子電解質。 - 化学処理は、塩基性反応液体に浸漬する処理である請求項6記載のフッ素系高分子電解質。
- 請求項1、2、3、4、5、6又は7記載のフッ素系高分子電解質から構成されることを特徴とする電解質膜。
- 請求項1、2、3、4、5、6又は7記載のフッ素系高分子電解質を含有することを特徴とする電解質溶液。
- 請求項1、2、3、4、5、6又は7記載のフッ素系高分子電解質を備えることを特徴とする膜電極接合体。
- 請求項10記載の膜電極接合体を備えることを特徴とする固体高分子型燃料電池。
- 乳化重合によりフッ素系高分子電解質前駆体を得る工程(1)、及び、
前記フッ素系高分子電解質前駆体を化学処理してフッ素系高分子電解質を得る工程(2)を含み、
前記フッ素系高分子電解質は、当量重量(EW)が250以上700以下であり、110℃相対湿度50%RHにおけるプロトン伝導度が0.10S/cm以上であり、COOZ基又はSO3Z基(Zはアルカリ金属、アルカリ土類金属、水素、又は、NR1R2R3R4を表す。R1、R2、R3及びR4はそれぞれ独立に炭素数1〜3のアルキル基又は水素を表す。)含有モノマー単位を有することを特徴とするフッ素系高分子電解質の製造方法。 - 工程(1)は、0℃以上40℃以下で乳化重合を行うものである請求項12記載の製造方法。
- フッ素系高分子電解質前駆体は、化学処理によってCOOZ又はSO3Z(Zはアルカリ金属、アルカリ土類金属、水素、又は、NR1R2R3R4を表す。R1、R2、R3及びR4はそれぞれ独立に炭素数1〜3のアルキル基又は水素を表す。)に変換される基を有し、溶融流動可能であり、メルトフローレートが0.01〜100g/10分以下である請求項12又は13記載の製造方法。
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US20110020728A1 (en) | 2011-01-27 |
US8993682B2 (en) | 2015-03-31 |
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