JPWO2008133107A1 - 磁気抵抗素子、mram、及び磁気センサー - Google Patents
磁気抵抗素子、mram、及び磁気センサー Download PDFInfo
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- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 72
- 230000005294 ferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 164
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 154
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000003302 ferromagnetic material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910001325 element alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 26
- 239000013081 microcrystal Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 304
- 229910001030 Iron–nickel alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- 229910003321 CoFe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 229910000889 permalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 229910019236 CoFeB Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000005290 antiferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical group N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000808 amorphous metal alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000013080 microcrystalline material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910019041 PtMn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910001004 magnetic alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 description 3
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005293 ferrimagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 IrMn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003266 NiCo Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003289 NiMn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002885 antiferromagnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005307 ferromagnetism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001459 lithography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001755 magnetron sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010606 normalization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000992 sputter etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/02—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
- G01R33/06—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux using galvano-magnetic devices
- G01R33/09—Magnetoresistive devices
- G01R33/093—Magnetoresistive devices using multilayer structures, e.g. giant magnetoresistance sensors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y25/00—Nanomagnetism, e.g. magnetoimpedance, anisotropic magnetoresistance, giant magnetoresistance or tunneling magnetoresistance
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B5/00—Recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier; Reproducing by magnetic means; Record carriers therefor
- G11B5/127—Structure or manufacture of heads, e.g. inductive
- G11B5/33—Structure or manufacture of flux-sensitive heads, i.e. for reproduction only; Combination of such heads with means for recording or erasing only
- G11B5/39—Structure or manufacture of flux-sensitive heads, i.e. for reproduction only; Combination of such heads with means for recording or erasing only using magneto-resistive devices or effects
- G11B5/3903—Structure or manufacture of flux-sensitive heads, i.e. for reproduction only; Combination of such heads with means for recording or erasing only using magneto-resistive devices or effects using magnetic thin film layers or their effects, the films being part of integrated structures
- G11B5/3906—Details related to the use of magnetic thin film layers or to their effects
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- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B5/00—Recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier; Reproducing by magnetic means; Record carriers therefor
- G11B5/48—Disposition or mounting of heads or head supports relative to record carriers ; arrangements of heads, e.g. for scanning the record carrier to increase the relative speed
- G11B5/58—Disposition or mounting of heads or head supports relative to record carriers ; arrangements of heads, e.g. for scanning the record carrier to increase the relative speed with provision for moving the head for the purpose of maintaining alignment of the head relative to the record carrier during transducing operation, e.g. to compensate for surface irregularities of the latter or for track following
- G11B5/596—Disposition or mounting of heads or head supports relative to record carriers ; arrangements of heads, e.g. for scanning the record carrier to increase the relative speed with provision for moving the head for the purpose of maintaining alignment of the head relative to the record carrier during transducing operation, e.g. to compensate for surface irregularities of the latter or for track following for track following on disks
- G11B5/59683—Disposition or mounting of heads or head supports relative to record carriers ; arrangements of heads, e.g. for scanning the record carrier to increase the relative speed with provision for moving the head for the purpose of maintaining alignment of the head relative to the record carrier during transducing operation, e.g. to compensate for surface irregularities of the latter or for track following for track following on disks for magnetoresistive heads
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- G11C11/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor
- G11C11/02—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using magnetic elements
- G11C11/16—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using magnetic elements using elements in which the storage effect is based on magnetic spin effect
- G11C11/161—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using magnetic elements using elements in which the storage effect is based on magnetic spin effect details concerning the memory cell structure, e.g. the layers of the ferromagnetic memory cell
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F10/00—Thin magnetic films, e.g. of one-domain structure
- H01F10/32—Spin-exchange-coupled multilayers, e.g. nanostructured superlattices
- H01F10/324—Exchange coupling of magnetic film pairs via a very thin non-magnetic spacer, e.g. by exchange with conduction electrons of the spacer
- H01F10/3254—Exchange coupling of magnetic film pairs via a very thin non-magnetic spacer, e.g. by exchange with conduction electrons of the spacer the spacer being semiconducting or insulating, e.g. for spin tunnel junction [STJ]
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- H01F10/3268—Exchange coupling of magnetic film pairs via a very thin non-magnetic spacer, e.g. by exchange with conduction electrons of the spacer the exchange coupling being asymmetric, e.g. by use of additional pinning, by using antiferromagnetic or ferromagnetic coupling interface, i.e. so-called spin-valve [SV] structure, e.g. NiFe/Cu/NiFe/FeMn
- H01F10/3272—Exchange coupling of magnetic film pairs via a very thin non-magnetic spacer, e.g. by exchange with conduction electrons of the spacer the exchange coupling being asymmetric, e.g. by use of additional pinning, by using antiferromagnetic or ferromagnetic coupling interface, i.e. so-called spin-valve [SV] structure, e.g. NiFe/Cu/NiFe/FeMn by use of anti-parallel coupled [APC] ferromagnetic layers, e.g. artificial ferrimagnets [AFI], artificial [AAF] or synthetic [SAF] anti-ferromagnets
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Abstract
Description
図1は、従来のMTJ素子の構造を示す断面図であり、図2は、本発明の第1の実施形態に係るMTJ素子の構造を示す断面図である。第1の実施形態では磁化自由層に本発明を用いた構成を示す。
図4は、本発明の第2の実施形態に係るMTJ素子4の構成を示す断面図である。第2の実施形態では、磁化固定層に本発明を適用した構成が提示される。
(MTJにおける磁化自由層膜磁気特性、及び、磁気抵抗)
熱酸化膜付きのSi基板上にマグネトロンスパッタによってMTJ積層膜を成膜した。MTJ積層膜の構成は、基板/Ta(5nm)/PtMn(20nm)/Co90Fe10(2.5nm)/Ru(0.9nm)/Co40Fe40B20(3nm)/MgO(1.8nm)/磁化自由層/Ru(3nm)/Ta(100nm)である。
試料1(比較例):Co40Fe40B20(2nm)
試料2(比較例):Co40Fe40B20(1.5nm)
試料3(比較例):Co40Fe40B20(1nm)
試料4(比較例):Ni82Fe18(4nm)
試料5(比較例):Co40Fe40B20(1nm)/NiFe(3nm)
試料6(比較例):Co40Fe40B20(0.5nm)/NiFe(3nm)
試料7(本発明):Co40Fe40B20(1nm)/Co63Fe7B30(1nm)
試料8(本発明):Co40Fe40B20(1nm)/Ni64Fe16B20(1nm)
(MTJにおけるスイッチング磁場と磁気抵抗比)
実施例1と同様の手順により、MTJ素子を作製した。素子形状は0.32um×0.8umの楕円である。MTJの膜構成は基板/Ta(5nm)/PtMn(20nm)/Co90Fe10(2.5nm)/Ru(0.9nm)/Co40Fe40B20(3nm)/MgO(1.8nm)/磁化自由層/Ru(3nm)/Ta(100nm)である。MTJ素子としては、以下の5種類の磁化自由層を有する試料9〜13が作製された。
試料9(従来例):Co40Fe40B20(2nm)
試料10(従来例):Co35Fe35B30(2nm)
試料11(従来例):Ni82Fe18(4nm)
試料12(本発明):Co40Fe40B20(1nm)/Co63Fe7B30(1nm)
試料13(本発明):Co40Fe40B20(0.5nm)/Co63Fe7B30(1nm)
試料9〜13のそれぞれについて、120個のMTJ素子が作製された。作成されたMTJ素子に対して外部磁場と直流4端子法(バイアス電圧:100mV)によってMR曲線を測定した。
Claims (14)
- 固定された磁化を有する磁化固定層と、
反転可能な磁化を有する磁化自由層と、
前記磁化固定層と前記磁化自由層との間に介設されたトンネルバリア
とを具備し、
前記トンネルバリアは結晶性を有し、
前記磁化自由層及び前記磁化固定層の少なくとも一方は、
前記トンネルバリアに隣接し、体心立方格子構造を発現する強磁性元素の合金である第1合金、又は、前記第1合金に対して非磁性元素が混合されたアモルファス若しくは微結晶構造を有する強磁性材料から構成された高スピン分極率層と、
前記高スピン分極率層に隣接して前記トンネルバリアに対して反対側に位置し、面心立方格子構造を発現する強磁性元素の合金と非磁性元素とが混合された、アモルファス又は微結晶構造を有する強磁性材料から構成されたソフト強磁性層
とを備えている
磁気抵抗素子。 - 請求の範囲1に記載の磁気抵抗素子であって、
前記トンネルバリアは、マグネシウムを含む化合物から構成され、且つ、(001)面への配向が最も高い
磁気抵抗素子。 - 請求の範囲1又は2に記載の磁気抵抗素子であって、
前記高スピン分極率層に含まれている強磁性元素の合金は、bcc(001)面への配向が最も高い
磁気抵抗素子。 - 請求の範囲1〜3のいずれかに記載の磁気抵抗素子であって、
前記高スピン分極率層に含まれる、強磁性元素に対する非磁性元素の濃度は、前記ソフト強磁性層中の、強磁性元素に対する非磁性元素の濃度よりも低い
磁気抵抗素子。 - 請求の範囲1〜4のいずれかに記載の磁気抵抗素子であって、
前記高スピン分極率層よりも前記ソフト強磁性層の結晶化温度が高い
磁気抵抗素子。 - 請求の範囲5に記載の磁気抵抗素子であって、
前記高スピン分極率層及び前記ソフト強磁性層の非磁性元素が、B又はCから選択され、
前記ソフト強磁性層は、さらに第二の非磁性元素を含み、
前記第二の非磁性元素は、Si,Al,Zr,Nb,Ta,Ti,Mo,W,Hf,Mg,Geからなる群から選択された
磁気抵抗素子。 - 請求の範囲1〜6のいずれかに記載の磁気抵抗素子であって、
前記ソフト強磁性層中の強磁性合金が、NiXFe1−Xの組成式を有し、且つ、Xが0.8以上の合金である
磁気抵抗素子。 - 請求の範囲1〜6のいずれかに記載の磁気抵抗素子であって、
前記ソフト強磁性層中の強磁性合金が、CoXFe1−Xの組成式を有し、且つ、Xが0.8以上の合金である
磁気抵抗素子。 - 請求の範囲1〜8のいずれかに記載の磁気抵抗素子であって、
前記高スピン分極率層中の強磁性合金が、CoXFe1−Xの組成式を有し、且つ、Xが0.8以下の合金である
磁気抵抗素子。 - 請求の範囲1〜8のいずれかに記載の磁気抵抗素子であって、
前記高スピン分極率層中の強磁性合金が、CoXFe1−Xの組成式を有し、且つ、Xが80%以下の合金である
磁気抵抗素子。 - 請求の範囲1〜10のいずれかに記載の磁気抵抗素子であって、
前記高スピン分極率層は前記ソフト強磁性層と比較して、結晶配向性が高いことを特徴とする
磁気抵抗素子。 - 請求の範囲1〜5、7〜11のいずれかに記載の磁気抵抗素子であって、
前記高スピン分極率層及び前記ソフト強磁性層の非磁性元素が、B又はCを含む
磁気抵抗素子。 - 請求の範囲1〜12のいずれかに記載の磁気抵抗素子を備えたメモリセルを含む
MRAM。 - 請求の範囲1〜12のいずれかに記載の磁気抵抗素子を備えた
磁気センサー。
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JP5441024B2 (ja) * | 2008-12-15 | 2014-03-12 | ルネサスエレクトロニクス株式会社 | 磁気記憶装置 |
KR101584747B1 (ko) * | 2009-01-20 | 2016-01-13 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 자기 메모리 소자 |
JP2011159891A (ja) * | 2010-02-03 | 2011-08-18 | Ricoh Co Ltd | 磁気センサ |
JP5367739B2 (ja) * | 2011-02-03 | 2013-12-11 | 株式会社東芝 | 磁気抵抗効果素子およびそれを用いた磁気ランダムアクセスメモリ |
JP2015099882A (ja) * | 2013-11-20 | 2015-05-28 | 旭化成エレクトロニクス株式会社 | 磁気センサ |
KR102277490B1 (ko) * | 2014-07-18 | 2021-07-14 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 자기 기억 소자 및 그의 형성 방법 |
US9385307B2 (en) | 2014-10-01 | 2016-07-05 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Magnetoresistive element and method of manufacturing the same |
JP2018056388A (ja) * | 2016-09-29 | 2018-04-05 | Tdk株式会社 | 磁気抵抗効果素子 |
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