JPWO2007111278A1 - 選択透過膜型反応器を用いた水素製造方法及び選択透過膜型反応器 - Google Patents
選択透過膜型反応器を用いた水素製造方法及び選択透過膜型反応器 Download PDFInfo
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- JPWO2007111278A1 JPWO2007111278A1 JP2008507478A JP2008507478A JPWO2007111278A1 JP WO2007111278 A1 JPWO2007111278 A1 JP WO2007111278A1 JP 2008507478 A JP2008507478 A JP 2008507478A JP 2008507478 A JP2008507478 A JP 2008507478A JP WO2007111278 A1 JPWO2007111278 A1 JP WO2007111278A1
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- Prior art keywords
- selectively permeable
- permeable membrane
- hydrogen
- reaction
- membrane reactor
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- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 146
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000007323 disproportionation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 56
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000006057 reforming reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000007809 chemical reaction catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 11
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- 229910001252 Pd alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
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- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims 1
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- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
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- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- SWELZOZIOHGSPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium silver Chemical compound [Pd].[Ag] SWELZOZIOHGSPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001316 Ag alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001293 incoloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
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- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
- C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
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Abstract
Description
CH4+H2O → CO+3H2 (1)
CO+H2O → CO2+H2 (2)
2CO → C+CO2 (3)
α={(CO2)/(CO)2}/K
β=a/b
γ=c/b
β=a/b
γ=c/b
CH4+H2O → CO+3H2 (1)
CO+H2O → CO2+H2 (2)
2CO → C+CO2 (3)
α={(CO2)/(CO)2}/K
β=a/b
γ=c/b
図1に示すような構造を有し、βとγの値がそれぞれ下表に示す値となるような選択透過膜型反応器を作製した。分離管4は、一端部が閉じられた有底筒状のアルミナ多孔体(外径10mm、長さ75mm)からなり、その表面に選択透過膜5として、水素を選択的に透過するパラジウム−銀合金膜をメッキ法により成膜した。膜の組成は、水素透過性能を考慮してパラジウムが75質量%、銀が25質量%となるようにし、膜厚は2.5μmとした。反応管1は、両端部が開口したSUS製の円筒体で、触媒量を変えることによってβの値を変化させるため内径の異なる複数のものを使用した。改質反応触媒6には、大きさが1mm程度のペレット状に成形された市販のルテニウム−アルミナ触媒又はニッケル−アルミナ触媒を使用し、反応管1と分離管4との間に充填して触媒層を形成した。
図2に示すような装置を使用し、前記実施例1〜11及び比較例1〜3の選択透過膜型反応器について、それぞれ試験を行い評価した。この装置は、原料ガス源として、メタン、ブタン等の炭化水素や、エタノール等の含酸素炭化水素、水、二酸化炭素、酸素を使用できるようライン接続され、これらを必要に応じて選択し、混合して選択透過膜型反応器に供給できるようになっている。なお、水や灯油等の液体系の原料は気化器でガス化して供給される。
Claims (7)
- 一端部がガスの入口で、他端部がガスの出口である反応管と、当該反応管内に挿入された、表面に水素を選択的に透過させる選択透過膜を有し、前記選択透過膜を透過した分離ガスの出口である排出口を有する分離管と、メタン、エタン、プロパン、ブタン、灯油及びナフサの内の少なくとも1つの成分の改質反応を促進する改質反応触媒からなる層とを有する選択透過膜型反応器を使用し、メタン、エタン、プロパン、ブタン、灯油及びナフサの内の少なくとも1つの成分を含む原料ガスを前記反応管の入口より供給して、改質及びシフト反応により水素、一酸化炭素及び二酸化炭素を含む混合ガスを生成し、当該混合ガスから前記選択透過膜を透過して前記分離管内に分離された水素を前記分離管の排出口より回収するとともに、前記選択透過膜を透過しない他のガス成分を前記反応管の出口から排出する水素の製造方法であって、
前記反応管の出口における二酸化炭素の分圧を(CO2)とし、前記反応管の出口における一酸化炭素の分圧を(CO)とし、前記反応管内温度における一酸化炭素の不均化反応の平衡定数をKとしたとき、下記式により定義されるαの値が0.4〜100となる条件で水素の製造を行う、選択透過膜型反応器を用いた水素製造方法。
α={(CO2)/(CO)2}/K - 前記選択透過膜型反応器として、前記改質反応触媒からなる層の体積をa[cm3]とし、前記選択透過膜の面積をb[cm2]としたとき、下記式により定義されるβの値が0.05〜20であるような選択透過膜型反応器を使用する請求項1に記載の選択透過膜型反応器を用いた水素製造方法。
β=a/b - 前記選択透過膜型反応器として、前記改質反応触媒がFe、Co、Ni、Cu、Mo、Ru、Rh、Pd、Ag、W、Re、Os、Ir、Pt及びAuの内の少なくとも1種の金属を含有するとともに、前記金属の質量をc[mg]とし、前記選択透過膜の面積をb[cm2]としたとき、下記式により定義されるγの値が0.2〜4000であるような選択透過膜型反応器を使用する請求項1に記載の選択透過膜型反応器を用いた水素製造方法。
γ=c/b - 前記選択透過膜がPd膜又はPd合金膜であり、その膜厚が0.01〜25μmである請求項1〜3の何れか一項に記載の選択透過膜型反応器を用いた水素製造方法。
- 一端部がガスの入口で、他端部がガスの出口である反応管と、当該反応管内に挿入された、表面に水素を選択的に透過させる選択透過膜を有し、前記選択透過膜を透過した分離ガスの出口である排出口を有する分離管と、メタン、エタン、プロパン、ブタン、灯油及びナフサの内の少なくとも1つの成分の改質反応を促進する改質反応触媒からなる層とを有する選択透過膜型反応器であって、
前記改質反応触媒からなる層の体積をa[cm3]とし、前記選択透過膜の面積をb[cm2]としたとき、下記式により定義されるβの値が0.05〜20である選択透過膜型反応器。
β=a/b - 一端部がガスの入口で、他端部がガスの出口である反応管と、当該反応管内に挿入された、表面に水素を選択的に透過させる選択透過膜を有し、前記選択透過膜を透過した分離ガスの出口である排出口を有する分離管と、メタン、エタン、プロパン、ブタン、灯油及びナフサの内の少なくとも1つの成分の改質反応を促進する改質反応触媒からなる層とを有する選択透過膜型反応器であって、
前記改質反応触媒がFe、Co、Ni、Cu、Mo、Ru、Rh、Pd、Ag、W、Re、Os、Ir、Pt及びAuの内の少なくとも1種の金属を含有するとともに、前記金属の質量をc[mg]とし、前記選択透過膜の面積をb[cm2]としたとき、下記式により定義されるγの値が0.2〜4000である選択透過膜型反応器。
γ=c/b - 前記選択透過膜がPd膜又はPd合金膜であり、その膜厚が0.01〜25μmである請求項5又は6に記載の選択透過膜型反応器。
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