JPWO2006016620A1 - 殺菌方法および殺菌装置 - Google Patents
殺菌方法および殺菌装置 Download PDFInfo
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- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 185
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 154
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 49
- 230000003685 thermal hair damage Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 183
- 210000004215 spore Anatomy 0.000 description 34
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 12
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 10
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 7
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 6
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008272 agar Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005251 gamma ray Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012567 medical material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930040373 Paraformaldehyde Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000004666 bacterial spore Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000090 biomarker Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007123 defense Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008098 formaldehyde solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000415 inactivating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002779 inactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006864 oxidative decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002866 paraformaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002688 persistence Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003206 sterilizing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/02—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using physical phenomena
- A61L2/04—Heat
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/02—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using physical phenomena
- A61L2/025—Ultrasonics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/02—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using physical phenomena
- A61L2/08—Radiation
- A61L2/081—Gamma radiation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/02—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using physical phenomena
- A61L2/08—Radiation
- A61L2/10—Ultraviolet radiation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/16—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using chemical substances
- A61L2/20—Gaseous substances, e.g. vapours
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/16—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using chemical substances
- A61L2/20—Gaseous substances, e.g. vapours
- A61L2/204—Formaldehyde
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/24—Apparatus using programmed or automatic operation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2202/00—Aspects relating to methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects
- A61L2202/10—Apparatus features
- A61L2202/12—Apparatus for isolating biocidal substances from the environment
- A61L2202/122—Chambers for sterilisation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2202/00—Aspects relating to methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects
- A61L2202/20—Targets to be treated
- A61L2202/24—Medical instruments, e.g. endoscopes, catheters, sharps
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Apparatus For Disinfection Or Sterilisation (AREA)
Abstract
Description
20 処理室(処理容器)
25 電気ヒータ
30 処理ガス供給装置
40 処理ガス発生器
42 気化室
43 触媒槽
50 ガス搬送系
51 吸気ポンプ(処理ガス搬送器)
52 湿度調節器
53 温度調節器
54 排ガス処理器
55 排気ポンプ(ガス排出器)
60 制御器
セルテックラボラトリー社製のBacillus Subtilis(牙胞)ATCC9372を寒天培地で培養して、生菌数が2.19×106/Discのバイオロジカル・インジケータBIを作成し、それをベッド用マットレスに埋め込んだ状態で、(株)バイオメディア社製小型MRガス滅菌装置を使用し、MRガス(メタノールまたはホルムアルデヒドに由来するラジカルを含む処理ガス)とHCHOガスとを発生させて殺菌処理を実施した。その際、処理ガス暴露処理時間は30分とし、加熱処理時間は60分とした。MRガス発生時とHCHOガス発生時とにおける装置内の温度、湿度及びHCHOガス濃度はそれぞれ下記の通りである。
MRガス発生時
温度、湿度:36.0〜40.09℃、80.0〜88.0%
HCHOガス濃度:150ppm程度
HCHOガス発生時
温度、湿度:37.5〜40.09℃、82.2〜86.2%
HCHOガス濃度:200ppm程度
処理ガス暴露処理後にBIの生菌数をカウントし、加熱処理後に再びBIの生菌数をカウントした。その結果を下記の表1に示した。また、培養後7日間のBIの培養結果を下記の表2に示した。
セルテックラボラトリー社製のBacillus Subtilis(牙胞)ATCC9372を寒天培地で培養して、生菌数が1.02×106/DiscのBIを複数作成し、インキュベータ内で加熱処理のみ実施した。加熱処理温度は80℃および60℃とし、処理後におけるBIの生菌数をカウントした。その結果を下記の表3に示す。
Claims (7)
- 殺菌有効成分を含有した処理ガスを処理室内に充満させて当該処理室内の殺菌処理対象物を殺菌処理する殺菌方法であって、
前記処理室内を所定温度に保ちつつ前記処理室内に前記処理ガスを供給して前記殺菌処理対象物を前記処理ガスに曝した後、前記処理室内への前記処理ガスの供給を停止し、前記処理室内を前記所定温度よりも高く且つ前記殺菌処理対象物の耐熱温度の上限を超えない範囲で可能な限り高い加熱処理温度まで上昇させるようにしたことを特徴とする殺菌方法。 - 殺菌処理対象物を殺菌有効成分を含有した処理ガスに曝した後、当該殺菌処理対象物を当該殺菌処理対象物の耐熱温度の上限を超えない範囲で可能な限り高い加熱処理温度に加熱するようにしたことを特徴とする殺菌方法。
- 殺菌処理対象物を殺菌有効成分を含有した処理ガスに曝した後、当該殺菌処理対象物にガンマ線または紫外線を照射するようにしたことを特徴とする殺菌方法。
- 前記加熱処理温度は最高で80℃である請求項1記載の殺菌方法。
- 殺菌処理対象物を収容する処理室と、
当該処理室を加熱する電熱ヒータと、
殺菌有効成分を含有した処理ガスを発生する処理ガス発生器と、
当該処理ガス発生器で発生させた処理ガスを当該処理室内に導入するガス搬送系と、
制御器とを備え、
当該制御器は、当該処理ガス発生器及び当該ガス搬送系の動作並びに当該電熱ヒータへの通電を制御することにより、当該処理室内を所定温度に保ちつつ当該処理室内に当該処理ガスを供給して当該殺菌処理対象物を当該処理ガスに曝した後、当該処理室内への当該処理ガスの供給を停止し、当該処理室内を当該所定温度よりも高く且つ当該殺菌処理対象物の耐熱温度の上限を超えない範囲で可能な限り高い加熱処理温度まで上昇させることを特徴とする殺菌装置。 - 殺菌処理対象物を収容する処理室と、
当該処理室内の殺菌処理対象物にガンマ線または紫外線を照射する線源と、
殺菌有効成分を含有した処理ガスを発生する処理ガス発生器と、
当該処理ガス発生器で発生させた処理ガスを処理室内に導入するガス搬送系と、
制御器とを備え、
当該制御器は、当該処理ガス発生器及び当該ガス搬送系の動作並びに当該線源を制御することにより、当該処理室内を所定温度に保ちつつ当該処理室内に当該処理ガスを供給して当該殺菌処理対象物を当該処理ガスに曝した後、当該処理室内への当該処理ガスの供給を停止し、当該殺菌処理対象物にガンマ線または紫外線を照射することを特徴とする殺菌装置。 - 前記加熱処理温度は最高で80℃である請求項3記載の殺菌装置。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2004233781 | 2004-08-10 | ||
JP2004233781 | 2004-08-10 | ||
PCT/JP2005/014686 WO2006016620A1 (ja) | 2004-08-10 | 2005-08-10 | 殺菌方法および殺菌装置 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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JPWO2006016620A1 true JPWO2006016620A1 (ja) | 2008-05-01 |
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ID=35839386
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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JP2006531698A Pending JPWO2006016620A1 (ja) | 2004-08-10 | 2005-08-10 | 殺菌方法および殺菌装置 |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20090081075A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1785149A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JPWO2006016620A1 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20070053742A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101018570B (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2575457A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2006016620A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP4799221B2 (ja) * | 2006-03-06 | 2011-10-26 | 三洋電機株式会社 | アイソレータ用インキュベータ |
JP4916201B2 (ja) * | 2006-03-27 | 2012-04-11 | 三洋電機株式会社 | 培養装置 |
JP5337339B2 (ja) * | 2006-03-27 | 2013-11-06 | パナソニックヘルスケア株式会社 | 殺菌庫 |
US20090162245A1 (en) * | 2006-06-20 | 2009-06-25 | Wms Gaming, Inc. | Handheld gaming machine sanititzing system |
JP4292234B1 (ja) * | 2008-08-29 | 2009-07-08 | 株式会社 ウイズシステムズ | 滅菌ガス発生装置、その滅菌ガス発生装置に適用される触媒カートリッジ、並びに滅菌処理装置 |
DE102009032370A1 (de) * | 2009-07-08 | 2011-01-13 | Sartorius Stedim Biotech Gmbh | Plattenwärmetauscher |
EP2634515B1 (en) * | 2012-02-29 | 2019-09-04 | Electrolux Professional S.p.A. | Blast chiller apparatus and a method to sanitize a blast chiller apparatus |
JP5721107B2 (ja) * | 2012-03-16 | 2015-05-20 | 株式会社ルナエル | 有機化合物の除染方法 |
JP2016518226A (ja) * | 2013-05-17 | 2016-06-23 | ジャーミテック エスエーGermitec Sa | 高度消毒のための方法、システム及び装置 |
JP6735485B2 (ja) * | 2016-01-12 | 2020-08-05 | 学校法人東海大学 | 滅菌方法及び滅菌装置 |
CN107185007A (zh) * | 2017-05-03 | 2017-09-22 | 安徽省伟业净化设备有限公司 | 一种ⅲ级洁净手术室消毒方法 |
CN107198784A (zh) * | 2017-05-03 | 2017-09-26 | 安徽省伟业净化设备有限公司 | 一种i级洁净手术室消毒方法 |
CN107050484A (zh) * | 2017-05-03 | 2017-08-18 | 安徽省伟业净化设备有限公司 | 一种ⅱ级洁净手术室消毒方法 |
WO2020152694A1 (en) * | 2019-01-22 | 2020-07-30 | Junia Alva | Methods and devices for sterilizing organic products |
US20210353791A1 (en) * | 2020-05-18 | 2021-11-18 | Ensign-Bickford Aerospace & Defense Company | System for neutralizing biological organisms |
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JPH10328279A (ja) * | 1997-06-04 | 1998-12-15 | Mecs:Kk | 加湿機構付き殺菌装置 |
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SE423488C (sv) * | 1977-10-17 | 1984-10-15 | Electrolux Ab | Sett och anordning for sterilisering med formalin |
US4764351A (en) * | 1983-01-28 | 1988-08-16 | Universite Catholique De Louvain | Sterilization method and apparatus using a gaseous agent |
US5114670A (en) * | 1990-08-30 | 1992-05-19 | Liqui-Box/B-Bar-B Corporation | Process for sterilizing surfaces |
JPH04161160A (ja) * | 1990-10-26 | 1992-06-04 | Mercian Corp | ホルマリン燻蒸滅菌装置 |
US5464580A (en) * | 1994-06-01 | 1995-11-07 | Ethicon, Inc. | Process of sterilization |
US5809739A (en) * | 1997-03-28 | 1998-09-22 | Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance, Sa | Filling machine having a system to aid in cleaning exterior surfaces of cartons filled thereby |
ATE350070T1 (de) * | 1999-10-08 | 2007-01-15 | Bio Media Co Ltd | Formaldehydgas-sterilisator |
JP2002017830A (ja) * | 2000-07-06 | 2002-01-22 | Bio Media Co Ltd | 医療・福祉用具の処理方法 |
GB2364914B (en) | 2000-07-26 | 2002-07-24 | Jacques Protic | A sterilisation process and apparatus therefor |
JP2004002229A (ja) | 2002-05-31 | 2004-01-08 | Kao Corp | 殺菌方法 |
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- 2005-08-10 JP JP2006531698A patent/JPWO2006016620A1/ja active Pending
- 2005-08-10 WO PCT/JP2005/014686 patent/WO2006016620A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2005-08-10 KR KR1020077005456A patent/KR20070053742A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-08-10 CN CN2005800288501A patent/CN101018570B/zh active Active
- 2005-08-10 EP EP05770469A patent/EP1785149A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-08-10 CA CA002575457A patent/CA2575457A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-08-10 US US11/658,120 patent/US20090081075A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH10328279A (ja) * | 1997-06-04 | 1998-12-15 | Mecs:Kk | 加湿機構付き殺菌装置 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CA2575457A1 (en) | 2006-02-16 |
US20090081075A1 (en) | 2009-03-26 |
EP1785149A4 (en) | 2008-03-26 |
CN101018570B (zh) | 2011-05-04 |
WO2006016620A1 (ja) | 2006-02-16 |
CN101018570A (zh) | 2007-08-15 |
EP1785149A1 (en) | 2007-05-16 |
KR20070053742A (ko) | 2007-05-25 |
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