JPS59193426A - 液晶装置 - Google Patents

液晶装置

Info

Publication number
JPS59193426A
JPS59193426A JP6865983A JP6865983A JPS59193426A JP S59193426 A JPS59193426 A JP S59193426A JP 6865983 A JP6865983 A JP 6865983A JP 6865983 A JP6865983 A JP 6865983A JP S59193426 A JPS59193426 A JP S59193426A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
liquid crystal
signal
optical modulation
electrode group
voltage
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
JP6865983A
Other languages
English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPS6245535B2 (fr
Inventor
Junichiro Kanbe
純一郎 神辺
Kazuharu Katagiri
片桐　一春
Shuzo Kaneko
金子　修三
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Canon Inc
Original Assignee
Canon Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to JP6865983A priority Critical patent/JPS59193426A/ja
Application filed by Canon Inc filed Critical Canon Inc
Priority to US06/598,800 priority patent/US4655561A/en
Priority to DE3448303A priority patent/DE3448303C2/de
Priority to DE3448305A priority patent/DE3448305C2/de
Priority to DE3448306A priority patent/DE3448306C2/de
Priority to DE3448304A priority patent/DE3448304C2/de
Priority to GB08410068A priority patent/GB2141279B/en
Priority to DE19843414704 priority patent/DE3414704A1/de
Priority to DE3448307A priority patent/DE3448307C2/de
Priority to FR8406275A priority patent/FR2544884B1/fr
Publication of JPS59193426A publication Critical patent/JPS59193426A/ja
Priority to GB08619692A priority patent/GB2180385B/en
Priority to GB08619691A priority patent/GB2180384B/en
Priority to GB08619831A priority patent/GB2180386B/en
Priority to GB08712392A priority patent/GB2190530B/en
Priority to GB08712391A priority patent/GB2191623B/en
Publication of JPS6245535B2 publication Critical patent/JPS6245535B2/ja
Priority to US07/139,162 priority patent/US5448383A/en
Priority to US07/557,643 priority patent/US5418634A/en
Priority to SG5291A priority patent/SG5291G/en
Priority to SG6491A priority patent/SG6491G/en
Priority to SG6191A priority patent/SG6191G/en
Priority to SG6591A priority patent/SG6591G/en
Priority to SG10391A priority patent/SG10391G/en
Priority to SG116/91A priority patent/SG11691G/en
Priority to HK707/91A priority patent/HK70791A/xx
Priority to HK706/91A priority patent/HK70691A/xx
Priority to HK709/91A priority patent/HK70991A/xx
Priority to HK715/91A priority patent/HK71591A/xx
Priority to HK705/91A priority patent/HK70591A/xx
Priority to HK708/91A priority patent/HK70891A/xx
Priority to US08/440,321 priority patent/US5812108A/en
Priority to US08/444,746 priority patent/US5592192A/en
Priority to US08/444,899 priority patent/US5548303A/en
Priority to US08/444,898 priority patent/US5825390A/en
Priority to US08/465,090 priority patent/US5831587A/en
Priority to US08/465,357 priority patent/US5696526A/en
Priority to US08/462,974 priority patent/US5886680A/en
Priority to US08/462,978 priority patent/US5790449A/en
Priority to US08/463,780 priority patent/US5621427A/en
Priority to US08/463,781 priority patent/US5841417A/en
Priority to US08/465,225 priority patent/US5565884A/en
Priority to US08/465,058 priority patent/US5696525A/en
Priority to US08/863,598 priority patent/US6091388A/en
Granted legal-status Critical Current

Links

Landscapes

  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal Display Device Control (AREA)
JP6865983A 1983-04-13 1983-04-19 液晶装置 Granted JPS59193426A (ja)

Priority Applications (42)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP6865983A JPS59193426A (ja) 1983-04-19 1983-04-19 液晶装置
US06/598,800 US4655561A (en) 1983-04-19 1984-04-10 Method of driving optical modulation device using ferroelectric liquid crystal
DE3448303A DE3448303C2 (fr) 1983-04-19 1984-04-18
DE3448305A DE3448305C2 (fr) 1983-04-19 1984-04-18
DE3448306A DE3448306C2 (fr) 1983-04-19 1984-04-18
DE3448304A DE3448304C2 (fr) 1983-04-19 1984-04-18
GB08410068A GB2141279B (en) 1983-04-19 1984-04-18 Method of driving optical modulation device
DE19843414704 DE3414704A1 (de) 1983-04-19 1984-04-18 Verfahren zum ansteuern einer optischen moduliervorrichtung
DE3448307A DE3448307C2 (fr) 1983-04-19 1984-04-18
FR8406275A FR2544884B1 (fr) 1983-04-19 1984-04-19 Procede de commande d'un dispositif de modulation optique
GB08619691A GB2180384B (en) 1983-04-19 1986-08-13 Driving display devices
GB08619692A GB2180385B (en) 1983-04-19 1986-08-13 Liquid crystal apparatus
GB08619831A GB2180386B (en) 1983-04-19 1986-08-14 Liquid crystal apparatus
GB08712392A GB2190530B (en) 1983-04-19 1987-05-27 Liquid crystal apparatus
GB08712391A GB2191623B (en) 1983-04-19 1987-05-27 Liquid crystal apparatus
US07/139,162 US5448383A (en) 1983-04-19 1987-12-21 Method of driving ferroelectric liquid crystal optical modulation device
US07/557,643 US5418634A (en) 1983-04-19 1990-07-25 Method for driving optical modulation device
SG5291A SG5291G (en) 1983-04-19 1991-01-31 Liquid crystal apparatus
SG6491A SG6491G (en) 1983-04-19 1991-02-07 Liquid crystal apparatus
SG6191A SG6191G (en) 1983-04-19 1991-02-07 Liquid crystal apparatus
SG6591A SG6591G (en) 1983-04-19 1991-02-07 Liquid crystal apparatus
SG10391A SG10391G (en) 1983-04-19 1991-02-21 Liquid crystal apparatus
SG116/91A SG11691G (en) 1983-04-19 1991-02-23 Method of driving optical modulation device
HK707/91A HK70791A (en) 1983-04-19 1991-09-05 Liquid crystal apparatus
HK708/91A HK70891A (en) 1983-04-19 1991-09-05 Liquid crystal apparatus
HK706/91A HK70691A (en) 1983-04-19 1991-09-05 Liquid crystal apparatus
HK709/91A HK70991A (en) 1983-04-19 1991-09-05 Liquid crystal apparatus
HK715/91A HK71591A (en) 1983-04-19 1991-09-05 Method of driving optical modulation device
HK705/91A HK70591A (en) 1983-04-19 1991-09-05 Liquid crystal apparatus
US08/440,321 US5812108A (en) 1983-04-19 1995-05-12 Method of driving optical modulation device
US08/444,746 US5592192A (en) 1983-04-19 1995-05-19 Method of driving optical modulation device
US08/444,899 US5548303A (en) 1983-04-19 1995-05-19 Method of driving optical modulation device
US08/444,898 US5825390A (en) 1983-04-19 1995-05-19 Method of driving optical modulation device
US08/465,058 US5696525A (en) 1983-04-19 1995-06-05 Method of driving optical modulation device
US08/465,090 US5831587A (en) 1983-04-19 1995-06-05 Method of driving optical modulation device
US08/465,225 US5565884A (en) 1983-04-19 1995-06-05 Method of driving optical modulation device
US08/465,357 US5696526A (en) 1983-04-19 1995-06-05 Method of driving optical modulation device
US08/462,974 US5886680A (en) 1983-04-19 1995-06-05 Method of driving optical modulation device
US08/462,978 US5790449A (en) 1983-04-19 1995-06-05 Method of driving optical modulation device
US08/463,780 US5621427A (en) 1983-04-19 1995-06-05 Method of driving optical modulation device
US08/463,781 US5841417A (en) 1983-04-19 1995-06-05 Method of driving optical modulation device
US08/863,598 US6091388A (en) 1983-04-13 1997-05-27 Method of driving optical modulation device

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP6865983A JPS59193426A (ja) 1983-04-19 1983-04-19 液晶装置

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP10311887A Division JPS62294224A (ja) 1987-04-28 1987-04-28 液晶装置

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS59193426A true JPS59193426A (ja) 1984-11-02
JPS6245535B2 JPS6245535B2 (fr) 1987-09-28

Family

ID=13380048

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP6865983A Granted JPS59193426A (ja) 1983-04-13 1983-04-19 液晶装置

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS59193426A (fr)

Cited By (44)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS61156229A (ja) * 1984-12-28 1986-07-15 Canon Inc 液晶装置
JPS61245142A (ja) * 1985-04-23 1986-10-31 Canon Inc 液晶装置
JPS627024A (ja) * 1985-07-03 1987-01-14 Hitachi Ltd 光スイツチ素子の駆動方法
JPS6275516A (ja) * 1985-09-30 1987-04-07 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 光学変調スイツチの駆動方法
JPS62286094A (ja) * 1986-06-04 1987-12-11 キヤノン株式会社 表示パネルの情報読出し法及び表示パネルの情報読出し装置
JPS62294224A (ja) * 1987-04-28 1987-12-21 Canon Inc 液晶装置
JPS635326A (ja) * 1986-06-25 1988-01-11 Nec Corp 液晶素子の駆動方法
JPS63118129A (ja) * 1986-11-05 1988-05-23 Citizen Watch Co Ltd 液晶シヤツタヘツドの駆動方法
US5075030A (en) * 1989-07-31 1991-12-24 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Liquid crystal composition and liquid crystal device using same
US5076961A (en) * 1989-07-10 1991-12-31 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Mesomorphic compound, liquid crystal composition containing same and liquid crystal device using same
US5091109A (en) * 1989-08-25 1992-02-25 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Mesomorphic compound, liquid crystal composition containing same and liquid crystal device using same
US5116530A (en) * 1988-10-17 1992-05-26 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Mesomorphic compound, liquid crystal composition containing same and liquid crystal device using same
US5118441A (en) * 1989-04-14 1992-06-02 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Mesomorphic compound, liquid crystal composition and liquid crystal device using same
US5190690A (en) * 1989-04-20 1993-03-02 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Mesomorphic compound, liquid crystal composition containing same and liquid crystal device using same
US5200109A (en) * 1989-09-22 1993-04-06 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Mesomorphic compound, liquid crystal composition containing same and liquid crystal device using same
US5250218A (en) * 1991-02-20 1993-10-05 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Liquid crystal composition, liquid crystal device, display apparatus and display method
US5250219A (en) * 1989-05-08 1993-10-05 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Mesomorphic compound, liquid crystal composition containing same and liquid crystal device using same
US5262083A (en) * 1991-02-13 1993-11-16 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Liquid crystal composition, liquid crystal device, display apparatus and display method
US5268123A (en) * 1991-02-14 1993-12-07 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Liquid crystal composition, liquid crystal device, display apparatus and display method
US5269964A (en) * 1990-06-06 1993-12-14 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Liquid crystal composition, liquid crystal device, display apparatus and display method
US5413735A (en) * 1990-05-24 1995-05-09 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Liquid crystal composition, liquid crystal device using the liquid crystal composition, and display method and apparatus using the liquid crystal composition and device
US5422748A (en) * 1991-11-22 1995-06-06 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Liquid crystal device and display apparatus
US5460749A (en) * 1992-12-25 1995-10-24 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Liquid crystal device and liquid crystal display apparatus
EP0711818A1 (fr) 1994-11-10 1996-05-15 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Composition liquide cristalline, dispositif à cristaux liquides et appareil d'affichage à cristaux liquides
US5573703A (en) * 1993-10-13 1996-11-12 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Ferroelectric liquid crystal device and liquid crystal apparatus using it
EP0769543A1 (fr) 1995-10-20 1997-04-23 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Dispositif à cristaux liquides
EP0770662A2 (fr) 1991-11-22 1997-05-02 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Composition liquide cristalline, dispositif à cristal liquide et appareil d'affichage
US5629788A (en) * 1992-12-29 1997-05-13 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Liquid crystal device providing tilt angle inclination angle and ps satisfying relationships at 55 degrees
EP0789261A1 (fr) 1996-02-09 1997-08-13 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Dispositif à cristal liquide
US5709818A (en) * 1995-01-31 1998-01-20 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Liquid crystal composition, liquid crystal device and liquid crystal apparatus
US5710433A (en) * 1995-01-31 1998-01-20 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Liquid crystal composition, liquid crystal device and liquid crystal apparatus
US5709819A (en) * 1995-01-31 1998-01-20 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Liquid crystal composition, liquid crystal device and liquid crystal apparatus
US5733475A (en) * 1995-01-31 1998-03-31 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Liquid crystal composition, liquid crystal device and liquid crystal apparatus
US5744059A (en) * 1995-01-31 1998-04-28 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Liquid crystal composition, liquid crystal device and liquid crystal apparatus
US5785890A (en) * 1995-10-12 1998-07-28 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Liquid crystal composition, liquid crystal device, and liquid crystal display apparatus using same
US5841497A (en) * 1995-07-28 1998-11-24 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Liquid crystal device and liquid crystal apparatus
US5858269A (en) * 1995-09-20 1999-01-12 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Liquid crystal device and liquid crystal apparatus
US5885482A (en) * 1995-12-28 1999-03-23 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Liquid crystal device, production process thereof and liquid crystal apparatus
US5956010A (en) * 1996-05-31 1999-09-21 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Liquid crystal apparatus and driving method
US6083574A (en) * 1997-07-31 2000-07-04 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Aligning method of liquid crystal, process for producing liquid crystal device, and liquid crystal device produced by the process
US6177152B1 (en) 1995-10-20 2001-01-23 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Liquid crystal device and liquid crystal apparatus
US6195147B1 (en) 1997-08-01 2001-02-27 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Liquid crystal substrate with optical modulation region having different alignment control forces
US6252641B1 (en) 1996-06-17 2001-06-26 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Liquid crystal device and liquid crystal apparatus
US6452581B1 (en) 1997-04-11 2002-09-17 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Driving method for liquid crystal device and liquid crystal apparatus

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS515993A (fr) * 1974-07-03 1976-01-19 Suwa Seikosha Kk
JPS56757A (en) * 1979-06-15 1981-01-07 Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> Terminal unit for diversity of car telephone
JPS56107216A (en) * 1980-01-08 1981-08-26 Clark Noel A Liquid crystal electrooptical device and production thereof

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS515993A (fr) * 1974-07-03 1976-01-19 Suwa Seikosha Kk
JPS56757A (en) * 1979-06-15 1981-01-07 Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> Terminal unit for diversity of car telephone
JPS56107216A (en) * 1980-01-08 1981-08-26 Clark Noel A Liquid crystal electrooptical device and production thereof
US4367924A (en) * 1980-01-08 1983-01-11 Clark Noel A Chiral smectic C or H liquid crystal electro-optical device

Cited By (51)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6261931B2 (fr) * 1984-12-28 1987-12-24 Canon Kk
JPS61156229A (ja) * 1984-12-28 1986-07-15 Canon Inc 液晶装置
JPH0422487B2 (fr) * 1985-04-23 1992-04-17 Canon Kk
JPS61245142A (ja) * 1985-04-23 1986-10-31 Canon Inc 液晶装置
JPS627024A (ja) * 1985-07-03 1987-01-14 Hitachi Ltd 光スイツチ素子の駆動方法
JPS6275516A (ja) * 1985-09-30 1987-04-07 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 光学変調スイツチの駆動方法
JPS62286094A (ja) * 1986-06-04 1987-12-11 キヤノン株式会社 表示パネルの情報読出し法及び表示パネルの情報読出し装置
JPH0564773B2 (fr) * 1986-06-25 1993-09-16 Nippon Electric Co
JPS635326A (ja) * 1986-06-25 1988-01-11 Nec Corp 液晶素子の駆動方法
JPS63118129A (ja) * 1986-11-05 1988-05-23 Citizen Watch Co Ltd 液晶シヤツタヘツドの駆動方法
JPS62294224A (ja) * 1987-04-28 1987-12-21 Canon Inc 液晶装置
US5116530A (en) * 1988-10-17 1992-05-26 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Mesomorphic compound, liquid crystal composition containing same and liquid crystal device using same
US5118441A (en) * 1989-04-14 1992-06-02 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Mesomorphic compound, liquid crystal composition and liquid crystal device using same
US5190690A (en) * 1989-04-20 1993-03-02 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Mesomorphic compound, liquid crystal composition containing same and liquid crystal device using same
US5250219A (en) * 1989-05-08 1993-10-05 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Mesomorphic compound, liquid crystal composition containing same and liquid crystal device using same
US5076961A (en) * 1989-07-10 1991-12-31 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Mesomorphic compound, liquid crystal composition containing same and liquid crystal device using same
US5075030A (en) * 1989-07-31 1991-12-24 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Liquid crystal composition and liquid crystal device using same
US5091109A (en) * 1989-08-25 1992-02-25 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Mesomorphic compound, liquid crystal composition containing same and liquid crystal device using same
US5200109A (en) * 1989-09-22 1993-04-06 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Mesomorphic compound, liquid crystal composition containing same and liquid crystal device using same
US5413735A (en) * 1990-05-24 1995-05-09 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Liquid crystal composition, liquid crystal device using the liquid crystal composition, and display method and apparatus using the liquid crystal composition and device
US5269964A (en) * 1990-06-06 1993-12-14 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Liquid crystal composition, liquid crystal device, display apparatus and display method
US5262083A (en) * 1991-02-13 1993-11-16 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Liquid crystal composition, liquid crystal device, display apparatus and display method
US5268123A (en) * 1991-02-14 1993-12-07 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Liquid crystal composition, liquid crystal device, display apparatus and display method
US5250218A (en) * 1991-02-20 1993-10-05 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Liquid crystal composition, liquid crystal device, display apparatus and display method
US5422748A (en) * 1991-11-22 1995-06-06 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Liquid crystal device and display apparatus
EP0770662A2 (fr) 1991-11-22 1997-05-02 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Composition liquide cristalline, dispositif à cristal liquide et appareil d'affichage
US5460749A (en) * 1992-12-25 1995-10-24 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Liquid crystal device and liquid crystal display apparatus
US5657141A (en) * 1992-12-25 1997-08-12 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Liquid crystal device
US5629788A (en) * 1992-12-29 1997-05-13 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Liquid crystal device providing tilt angle inclination angle and ps satisfying relationships at 55 degrees
US5573703A (en) * 1993-10-13 1996-11-12 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Ferroelectric liquid crystal device and liquid crystal apparatus using it
US5728318A (en) * 1994-11-10 1998-03-17 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Liquid crystal composition, liquid crystal device and liquid crystal display apparatus
EP0711818A1 (fr) 1994-11-10 1996-05-15 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Composition liquide cristalline, dispositif à cristaux liquides et appareil d'affichage à cristaux liquides
US5733475A (en) * 1995-01-31 1998-03-31 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Liquid crystal composition, liquid crystal device and liquid crystal apparatus
US5710433A (en) * 1995-01-31 1998-01-20 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Liquid crystal composition, liquid crystal device and liquid crystal apparatus
US5709819A (en) * 1995-01-31 1998-01-20 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Liquid crystal composition, liquid crystal device and liquid crystal apparatus
US5709818A (en) * 1995-01-31 1998-01-20 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Liquid crystal composition, liquid crystal device and liquid crystal apparatus
US5744059A (en) * 1995-01-31 1998-04-28 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Liquid crystal composition, liquid crystal device and liquid crystal apparatus
US5841497A (en) * 1995-07-28 1998-11-24 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Liquid crystal device and liquid crystal apparatus
US5858269A (en) * 1995-09-20 1999-01-12 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Liquid crystal device and liquid crystal apparatus
US5785890A (en) * 1995-10-12 1998-07-28 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Liquid crystal composition, liquid crystal device, and liquid crystal display apparatus using same
EP0769543A1 (fr) 1995-10-20 1997-04-23 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Dispositif à cristaux liquides
US5932136A (en) * 1995-10-20 1999-08-03 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Liquid crystal device and liquid crystal apparatus
US6177152B1 (en) 1995-10-20 2001-01-23 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Liquid crystal device and liquid crystal apparatus
US5885482A (en) * 1995-12-28 1999-03-23 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Liquid crystal device, production process thereof and liquid crystal apparatus
EP0789261A1 (fr) 1996-02-09 1997-08-13 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Dispositif à cristal liquide
US6122031A (en) * 1996-02-09 2000-09-19 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Liquid crystal device and liquid crystal apparatus including same
US5956010A (en) * 1996-05-31 1999-09-21 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Liquid crystal apparatus and driving method
US6252641B1 (en) 1996-06-17 2001-06-26 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Liquid crystal device and liquid crystal apparatus
US6452581B1 (en) 1997-04-11 2002-09-17 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Driving method for liquid crystal device and liquid crystal apparatus
US6083574A (en) * 1997-07-31 2000-07-04 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Aligning method of liquid crystal, process for producing liquid crystal device, and liquid crystal device produced by the process
US6195147B1 (en) 1997-08-01 2001-02-27 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Liquid crystal substrate with optical modulation region having different alignment control forces

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS6245535B2 (fr) 1987-09-28

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