JPS59162947A - メタクリル酸メチル製造用触媒 - Google Patents
メタクリル酸メチル製造用触媒Info
- Publication number
- JPS59162947A JPS59162947A JP59034484A JP3448484A JPS59162947A JP S59162947 A JPS59162947 A JP S59162947A JP 59034484 A JP59034484 A JP 59034484A JP 3448484 A JP3448484 A JP 3448484A JP S59162947 A JPS59162947 A JP S59162947A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- parts
- palladium
- methyl methacrylate
- weight
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims description 46
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 27
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 48
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- STNJBCKSHOAVAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrolein Chemical compound CC(=C)C=O STNJBCKSHOAVAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002940 palladium Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001733 carboxylic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 27
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Pd]Cl PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- -1 unsaturated aliphatic aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940046892 lead acetate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 101150025786 PCLO gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007933 aliphatic carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002611 lead compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen dioxide Inorganic materials O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KTUFCUMIWABKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxolanthaniooxy)lanthanum Chemical compound O=[La]O[La]=O KTUFCUMIWABKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UNWZKBKTIYBBRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraazanium;tetrachloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-] UNWZKBKTIYBBRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N thallium Chemical compound [Tl] BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/56—Platinum group metals
- B01J23/62—Platinum group metals with gallium, indium, thallium, germanium, tin or lead
- B01J23/622—Platinum group metals with gallium, indium, thallium, germanium, tin or lead with germanium, tin or lead
- B01J23/628—Platinum group metals with gallium, indium, thallium, germanium, tin or lead with germanium, tin or lead with lead
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
- C07C67/39—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by oxidation of groups which are precursors for the acid moiety of the ester
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19833306907 DE3306907A1 (de) | 1983-02-26 | 1983-02-26 | Katalysator und seine verwendung zur herstellung von methylmethacrylat |
| DE3306907.7 | 1983-02-26 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS59162947A true JPS59162947A (ja) | 1984-09-13 |
| JPH0472578B2 JPH0472578B2 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) | 1992-11-18 |
Family
ID=6191999
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP59034484A Granted JPS59162947A (ja) | 1983-02-26 | 1984-02-27 | メタクリル酸メチル製造用触媒 |
Country Status (5)
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1997003751A1 (en) * | 1995-07-18 | 1997-02-06 | Asahi Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Catalyst for the preparation of carboxylic esters |
Families Citing this family (35)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4623635A (en) | 1985-04-18 | 1986-11-18 | The Standard Oil Company | Method for the preparation of high activity palladium based catalysts |
| CA1278312C (en) * | 1985-04-18 | 1990-12-27 | Standard Oil Company Of Ohio (The) | Process for one step esterification using an intermetallic palladium based catalyst system |
| US4714695A (en) * | 1985-04-18 | 1987-12-22 | The Standard Oil Company | Method for the preparation of high activity palladium based catalysts |
| US4877898A (en) * | 1985-04-18 | 1989-10-31 | The Standard Oil Company | Process for one step esterification using an intermetallic palladium based catalyst system |
| US5811365A (en) * | 1992-12-04 | 1998-09-22 | The British Petroleum Company, P.L.C. | Zinc oxide composition for use in catalysts |
| GB9225372D0 (en) * | 1992-12-04 | 1993-01-27 | British Petroleum Co Plc | Oxide compositions |
| CA2148292A1 (en) * | 1994-05-05 | 1995-11-06 | Barrie W. Jackson | Liquid phase prparation of (meth)-acrylate from alpha-olefin |
| PE51997A1 (es) * | 1995-11-27 | 1997-12-29 | Shell Int Research | Procedimiento para la preparacion de un catalizador o precursor catalitico |
| JPH09216850A (ja) * | 1996-02-09 | 1997-08-19 | Mitsubishi Rayon Co Ltd | カルボン酸エステルの製造方法 |
| JPH1071331A (ja) * | 1996-08-30 | 1998-03-17 | Aqueous Res:Kk | ＺｎＯ−Ｐｄ複合触媒及びその製造方法 |
| JP3297342B2 (ja) * | 1997-03-24 | 2002-07-02 | 三菱レイヨン株式会社 | カルボン酸エステルの製造法 |
| CN1122569C (zh) * | 1997-08-07 | 2003-10-01 | 三菱丽阳株式会社 | 用于制造羧酸酯的催化剂和羧酸酯的制造方法 |
| KR100900848B1 (ko) | 2001-06-29 | 2009-06-04 | 바스프 에스이 | 이소부탄으로부터 메타크롤레인을 제조하는 방법 |
| US10829432B2 (en) | 2017-07-28 | 2020-11-10 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Method for production of methyl methacrylate by oxidative esterification using a heterogeneous catalyst |
| JP7150817B2 (ja) | 2017-07-28 | 2022-10-11 | ローム アンド ハース カンパニー | 不均一触媒を使用した酸化的エステル化によるメタクリル酸メチルの製造方法 |
| JP7150816B2 (ja) | 2017-07-28 | 2022-10-11 | ローム アンド ハース カンパニー | 不均一触媒を使用した酸化的エステル化によるメタクリル酸メチルの製造方法 |
| JP7212031B2 (ja) | 2017-07-28 | 2023-01-24 | ローム アンド ハース カンパニー | 不均一触媒を使用した酸化的エステル化によるメタクリル酸メチルの製造方法 |
| SG11202000742QA (en) | 2017-07-28 | 2020-02-27 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | A method for production of methyl methacrylate by oxidative esterification using a heterogeneous catalyst |
| EP3658280A1 (en) | 2017-07-28 | 2020-06-03 | Rohm and Haas Company | Heterogeneous catalyst |
| CA3071244A1 (en) | 2017-07-28 | 2019-01-31 | Rohm And Haas Company | A method for production of methyl methacrylate by oxidative esterification using a heterogeneous catalyst |
| BR112020001722B1 (pt) | 2017-07-28 | 2023-03-14 | Rohm And Haas Company | Método para preparar metil metacrilato de metacroleína e metanol |
| US10829433B2 (en) | 2017-07-28 | 2020-11-10 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Method for production of methyl methacrylate by oxidative esterification using a heterogeneous catalyst |
| EP3658535B1 (en) | 2017-07-28 | 2024-03-20 | Rohm and Haas Company | A method for production of methyl methacrylate by oxidative esterification using a heterogeneous catalyst |
| EP3684752A1 (en) | 2017-09-19 | 2020-07-29 | Dow Global Technologies LLC | Method for production of methyl methacrylate by oxidative esterification using a heterogeneous catalyst |
| WO2020005689A1 (en) | 2018-06-28 | 2020-01-02 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Heterogeneous catalyst |
| CA3103641A1 (en) | 2018-06-28 | 2020-01-02 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Heterogeneous catalyst |
| KR20240089249A (ko) | 2021-10-08 | 2024-06-20 | 롬 앤드 하스 캄파니 | 에탄올로부터 메틸 메타크릴레이트를 생산하는 방법 |
| JP2024536183A (ja) | 2021-10-08 | 2024-10-04 | ローム アンド ハース カンパニー | 酸化的エステル化反応器のための方法 |
| KR20240089290A (ko) | 2021-10-08 | 2024-06-20 | 롬 앤드 하스 캄파니 | 메틸 메타크릴레이트의 생산 방법 |
| CA3233789A1 (en) | 2021-10-08 | 2023-04-13 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Process for low byproduct formation from an oxidative esterification reactor with base addition |
| EP4412984A1 (en) | 2021-10-08 | 2024-08-14 | Rohm and Haas Company | Process for low byproduct formation of methyl methacrylate from an oxidative esterification reactor |
| EP4412983A1 (en) | 2021-10-08 | 2024-08-14 | Rohm and Haas Company | Process for alkyl methacrylate production |
| JP2024536277A (ja) | 2021-10-08 | 2024-10-04 | ローム アンド ハース カンパニー | メタクリル酸メチルの製造方法 |
| CN120303237A (zh) | 2022-12-08 | 2025-07-11 | 陶氏环球技术有限责任公司 | 用于制备甲基丙烯酸烷基酯的方法 |
| KR20250119550A (ko) | 2022-12-08 | 2025-08-07 | 다우 글로벌 테크놀로지스 엘엘씨 | 알킬 메타아크릴레이트를 제조하는 방법 |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS55151533A (en) * | 1979-05-17 | 1980-11-26 | Asahi Chem Ind Co Ltd | Preparation of carboxylic acid ester |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2681938A (en) * | 1949-08-15 | 1954-06-22 | Hoffmann La Roche | Hydrogenation of acetylenic bond utilizing a palladium-lead catalyst |
| GB1128993A (en) * | 1966-06-07 | 1968-10-02 | Bp Chem Int Ltd | Improvements in or relating to the production of vinyl acetate |
| GB1305137A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) * | 1969-02-10 | 1973-01-31 | ||
| US3917676A (en) * | 1970-12-30 | 1975-11-04 | Toyo Soda Mfg Co Ltd | Process for producing allylacetate |
| US4130597A (en) * | 1975-07-21 | 1978-12-19 | Wilhelm Frederick C | Dehydrogenation using multimetallic catalyst |
| JPS5473717A (en) * | 1977-11-17 | 1979-06-13 | Asahi Chem Ind Co Ltd | Production of carboxylic ester |
| GB2008430B (en) * | 1977-11-17 | 1982-04-28 | Asahi Chemical Ind | Process for producing carboxylic esters |
| US4276200A (en) * | 1978-08-01 | 1981-06-30 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Catalyst and process for producing hydroperoxides |
| JPS584704B2 (ja) * | 1978-08-09 | 1983-01-27 | 旭化成株式会社 | メタクリル酸メチルの製造方法 |
| DE3210708A1 (de) * | 1982-03-24 | 1983-10-06 | Basf Ag | Katalysator und seine verwendung zur herstellung von methylmethacrylat |
-
1983
- 1983-02-26 DE DE19833306907 patent/DE3306907A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1984
- 1984-02-17 EP EP84101657A patent/EP0117496B1/de not_active Expired
- 1984-02-17 DE DE8484101657T patent/DE3471889D1/de not_active Expired
- 1984-02-22 CA CA000448003A patent/CA1212933A/en not_active Expired
- 1984-02-23 US US06/582,727 patent/US4520125A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1984-02-27 JP JP59034484A patent/JPS59162947A/ja active Granted
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS55151533A (en) * | 1979-05-17 | 1980-11-26 | Asahi Chem Ind Co Ltd | Preparation of carboxylic acid ester |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1997003751A1 (en) * | 1995-07-18 | 1997-02-06 | Asahi Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Catalyst for the preparation of carboxylic esters |
| CN1086313C (zh) * | 1995-07-18 | 2002-06-19 | 旭化成株式会社 | 用于生产羧酸脂的催化剂 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3306907A1 (de) | 1984-08-30 |
| CA1212933A (en) | 1986-10-21 |
| EP0117496B1 (de) | 1988-06-08 |
| EP0117496A2 (de) | 1984-09-05 |
| US4520125A (en) | 1985-05-28 |
| DE3471889D1 (en) | 1988-07-14 |
| JPH0472578B2 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) | 1992-11-18 |
| EP0117496A3 (en) | 1986-08-20 |
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