JPH08505544A - 流体で冷却される切除用カテーテル - Google Patents

流体で冷却される切除用カテーテル

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JPH08505544A
JPH08505544A JP6512145A JP51214594A JPH08505544A JP H08505544 A JPH08505544 A JP H08505544A JP 6512145 A JP6512145 A JP 6512145A JP 51214594 A JP51214594 A JP 51214594A JP H08505544 A JPH08505544 A JP H08505544A
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シー. ナーデラ,ポール
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アメリカン カーディアック アブレイション カンパニー インコーポレイテッド
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Abstract

(57)【要約】 内部器官へ送給するのに適した薄く細長い可撓性の切除用カテーテルは、内部中心に配置される流体送給孔と、外面に配置される第一及び第二電極とを含んでいる。これらの電極は、好ましくはカテーテルの周囲に螺旋状に巻かれる。電極の少なくとも一つは、電気外科的エネルギーの発生源と連絡してあって、切除用電気エネルギーを組織へ送給する。前記孔は、流体供給源と連絡してあって、切除エネルギーの送給中には流体が孔を介して送給されて隣接組織に排出される。孔を介して送給される流体は、電極温度の最適化を促す。方法と装置は、また監視される電極の温度及び/若しくは組織のインピーダンスに基づいて流体の流量を調節するために提供される。

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 流体で冷却される切除用カテーテル発明の分野 本発明は、組織切除を行う際の使用に適したカテーテル形式の電気外科装置に 関する。さらに特定すると、本発明は、電極の過度の加熱を防ぐための方法及び 装置に関する。発明の背景 器官組織の選択領域の切除が、外科的処置中に行われて病巣すなわち医学的な 異常箇所を治療できる。ある心臓組織の切除は、周波数を漸増させて行われ不整 脈につながる心臓の異常箇所を治療する。 心臓は、身体全体に血液を送給するように協働し合う四つの別々の室(チャン バー)を有する筋肉器官である。心臓の筋肉は、血液が効率よい方法で循環器系 に行きわたるように整合シーケンスで引き締めたり緩んだりしなければならない 。心臓は、インパルスを発生して心筋のリズミカルな収縮を行わせかつこのイン パルスを心臓へ素早く伝達するための分化組織を含んでいる。適当なシーケンス では、心房は、心室より約1/6秒早く収縮する。これにより、心房は収縮する 前に余分気味に満杯にできることで、血液を肺を経由して身体の他の領域へ 送給する。 心臓のリズミカルなインパルスは、洞房結節(SAノード)において発生され る。洞房結節は、交感及び副交感神経系によって変わり得る生来のリズムを持つ 。洞房結節によって生じたインパルスは、心房を経て房室結節(AVノード)へ 、その後、刺激伝導系筋線維(プルキンエ線維)を経て心室の心内膜表面に広が る。 心臓のリズミカルな伝達系は、病巣により中断されやすい。心臓組織に生じた 損傷は、洞房結節で発生された電気的インパルスを適当に伝達する心臓の伝達経 路を不能にして、不整脈すなわち不規則な心拍を招き易い。心臓の不整脈は、よ く心電図によって検出できる。 ある種の形態の心臓の不整脈は、薬物治療によって制御され得るが、その他の 形態の不整脈は、薬物に反応しない。さらに、薬物治療は、一般にこの問題を解 決せず、問題の連続制御を可能にするために、投与量及び薬物治療の形式が、定 期的に変えられなければならない。 薬物治療に対する別法の一つは、不整脈に原因となる心臓経路の一部を外科的 に除去することである。開心手術に伴う多くの危険が、これを余り好ましいとは いえない処置の選択にしている。しかしながら、最近では、不整脈の原因となる 伝達系に隣接して位置付けるために、心臓内に特定のカテーテルを血管を通して 挿入することが可能になっている。カテーテルが、エネルギー(例えば、ラジオ 周波数エネルギー)を送給するのに適用され て不整脈の原因となる組織を切除あるいは破壊する。これは、不整脈の多くの原 因を除去するための比較的安全かつ有効な技法であることがわかっている。種々 の切除用カテーテル及びこれらを使用する技法は、米国特許第4,641,64 9号、第4,785,815号、第4,869,248号、第4,896,67 1号に記載されている。 心臓用の切除用カテーテルは、一般にその末端部に少なくとも一つの電極をも つ。このカテーテルは、組織の病巣にエネルギーを送給するのに適用される。他 の電極は、カテーテル上の隣接した位置に配置されて心内膜の信号を感知するよ うに使用できる。切除は、発生源からカテーテル内に配置された導体を介して末 端の電極へラジオ周波数(RF)あるいは直流電流(DC)エネルギーのような 電気エネルギーを供給することによって達成できる。 切除処置中には、代表的にはRFエネルギー形式のエネルギーが、心内膜用カ テーテル上に取り付けられた一つあるいはそれ以上の電極によって組織へ送給さ れる。電極を介してのRFエネルギーの送給は、電極に関連した温度上昇を招き 、その熱が付近の組織へ移る。組織へ熱を供給することで組織を破壊する(結果 として、不整脈を除去する)こともできるけれども、RFエネルギーの供給によ って組織の切除が果たされることが好ましい。組織への過度の加熱は、組織温度 の過度の上昇を防ぐ ためにエネルギーを長い時間に亘って中断しながら供給しなければならないので 、切除処置を延長することがあり得る。さらに、組織に電気的でなく熱的な破壊 が加えられる場合には、カテーテル付近の組織内の組織インピーダンスの上昇が 深い組織部へのRFエネルギーの送給を制限するために、しばしばエネルギーの より深い浸透を達成することが可能でなくなる。これは、深く大きな病巣を治療 することが必要な場合の最も一般的な問題である。 かくして、心臓の切除処置において使用するのに適していて、切除用電極及び 隣接組織の関連した過度の加熱なしに、電気外科的エネルギーを組織へ効率よく 送給できる切除用カテーテルを開発することは利点となる。 本発明の第一の目的は、心臓切除処置の使用に適した、ラジオ周波数エネルギ ーの送給を使用するカテーテルを提供することである。本発明の第二の目的は、 電極から組織へのかなりの熱の転移をなくして所望の組織へラジオ周波数エネル ギーをさらに効果的に送給する切除用カテーテルを提供することである。本発明 の第三の目的は、切除用電極の温度を調節するための装置と共に上記の切除用カ テーテルを提供することである。本発明の第四の目的は、バイポーラ・モードで 動作することのできる切除用カテーテルを提供することである。他の目的は、以 下の説明を読むことで明らかになるだろう。発明の要約 本発明は、血管内切除用カテーテルと前記カテーテルを動作するための装置と を含んでいる。前記装置は、内部器官への血管内送給に適した寸法をもつ薄く可 撓性の細長いカテーテル部材を有する。好ましくは、前記細長いカテーテル部材 は、生体適合性の絶縁材料から構成される。流体送給孔が、前記細長いカテーテ ル部材に結合され、好ましくは前記カテーテル内にその長手方向の軸に沿って配 置される。前記孔は、流体供給源に結合するように適合されて、前記部材の末端 部に配置された出口ポートを通じて排出されるべき流体を前記供給源から前記孔 を介して送給する。 前記カテーテルはまた、互いに電気的に絶縁された少なくとも二つの電極をも つ。これらの前記電極は、前記部材の外面上に取りつけられる。第一電極は、電 気外科的発生器装置に結合されるように適合されて、切除エネルギーを組織へ送 給する。第二電極は、好ましくは、前記カテーテルをバイポーラモードで機能さ せ得るグランド電極である。好ましい実施例では、これらの前記電極は、前記部 材の周囲に螺旋状に巻つけられる。 本発明の前記カテーテルは、心臓用の切除処置に特に有用である。切除エネル ギーは、二つの別個の電極間に供給されて、不整脈の原因となる心臓内の組織を 破壊する。前記切除エネルギーが供給されている時、生理食塩水のような流体が 前記孔を介して送給される。前記孔を 通る流体流は、前記エネルギー送給電極によって転移される隣接組織への熱を制 限するように働く。前記エネルギー送給電極の温度の制御は、例えば、RF切除 エネルギーを使用する前記カテーテルの効果的なバイポーラ動作を可能にする。 本発明は、また前記カテーテルの前記エネルギー送給電極の冷却を最適化する するために前記孔を通る流体の流量を制御するための方法及び装置を含んでいる 。図面の簡単な説明 図1は、本発明の切除用カテーテル及び切除用カテーテル装置を例示する略図 である。 図2は、図1の切除用カテーテルを一部破断して例示する斜視図である。 図3は、図1の切除用カテーテルの端部正面図である。 図4は、モノポーラモードで動作する別の切除用カテーテル及び切除用カテー テル装置の略図である。 図5は、エネルギー送給電極の温度を制御するのに有用なフィードバックシス テムを例示するブロック図である。 図6は、図5のフィードバックシステムを実行するのに有用な回路を例示する 。詳細な説明 図1は、本発明によって構成される切除用カテーテル装置10を例示する。こ の装置10は、電気外科的エネルギーをカテーテル14へ供給できる電気外科的 発生器装置12を含んでいる。カテーテル14は、第一及び第二の電極18及び 20がその外面の末端部を覆うように取り付けられた薄く可撓性の細長い部材1 6を含んでいる。電極18及び20は、電極リード線22及び24を介して電気 外科発生装置12と連絡される。さらに、孔26が、カテーテル14の内部に、 好ましくはカテーテル14の長手方向の軸に沿って配置され、カテーテルを介し て流体を送給するように適用される。孔26は、導管30を介して流体源28と 連絡されるのが好ましい。流体は、孔を介して送給されて、カテーテルの末端部 に配置される出口ポート32を通じて放出される。この出口ポート32は、電極 の末端部先端に配置される。 電極18及び20は、図1〜3に例示されるように、部材16の外面の周りを 螺旋状に巻きつけられる。好ましい実施例では、これらの電極は、カテーテルの 末端部の表面だけ、例えば約8cmの距離にだけに露出されている。導体リード 線22、24は、カテーテル内に延長して電極18及び20に付着され、電気外 科的エネルギーをこれらの電極へ送給する。 この装置のカテーテルは、組織切除処置を行うのに適用され、不整脈の原因に なる心臓の副経路(アクセッサリ・パスウェイ)を形成する組織の切除を行うの に特に よく適している。カテーテルは、また心室頻脈の原因を含む他の電気的な異常箇 所を治療するために心臓組織を切除するのにも使用できる。切除処置中に、カテ ーテルは、血管を通して心臓のような器官へ送り込まれる。切除されるべき組織 に隣接してカテーテルを適当に位置付けると、好ましくはラジオ周波数の範囲に ある電気エネルギーが発生装置12から例えば能動的なエネルギー送給電極とし て働くことのできる電極18を介して送給される。電極20は、カテーテルのバ イポーラ動作を可能にするグランド電極として機能するのが好ましい。 図4に例示されるような別の実施例では、カテーテルは、発生装置12から電 気外科エネルギーを電極118と遠隔グランドプレート(図示せず)との間に送 給するモノポーラ・モードで動作するものであってもよい。このような実施例で は、電極120は、モニター140と連絡されていて心内膜の信号を監視するよ うに機能する感知電極であってもよい。 切除処置中の電極18を介しての電気外科的エネルギーの送給は、電極の温度 を上昇させやすい。長い時間になると、電極18の熱がこの電極に隣接する組織 へ転移する。電極18からの熱の移動による組織のこのような加熱は、熱が組織 から水を素早く取り除くことがあるという点で逆効果になることがある。組織を 脱水すると、組織のインピーダンスがかなり増加することになるので、組織への 電気外科的エネルギーの送給を制限すること になる。その結果、切除は余り効果的でなくなるので、組織の小さな大きさの領 域しか切除できなくなるかもしれない。組織の大きな領域を切除するために、切 除処置は、断続的なエネルギー送給が行われなければならない。そのため、その 処置を完了させるには追加的な時間が必要となる。かくして、電極から組織への 熱の移動は、切除処置の有効性と切除できる病巣の大きさとを制限する。 本発明のカテーテル装置は、電極18から隣接組織への熱の移動の量を最小に して、このような熱の移動が切除処置の有効性の制限要因とならないようにする 。本発明では、孔26が部材16を介して流体を送給し、部材14の末端部に配 置されたポート32を通じて排出する。電気外科的なエネルギーの供給中に孔2 6を介して流体が送給されると、活動電極から隣接組織への熱の移動が許容限界 内にあるレベルに電極18、20の温度を下げる又は少なくとも維持する。好ま しくは孔26を介して送給される流体は生理食塩水であるが、蒸留してイオンを 除去した水等の他の適当な流体が使用されてもよい。孔26を通って指し向けら れる流体の温度は、約18℃〜30℃の範囲にあるのが好ましい。 一つの実施例では、流体は、切除処置中ずっと孔26を介して連続して送給で きる。しかしながら、好ましい実施例では、流体は、可変流量で、好ましくは電 気外科的エネルギーの送給中だけ流れる。流体の流量は、約1 ml/分〜100ml/分の範囲にできる。好ましくは、流量は約30〜50m l/分の範囲内で、電気的外科エネルギーが送給されてない時には流体は送給さ れないのが好ましい。 好ましくは、流体は電極の温度を約60℃以下に維持するのに有効である。 述べたように、本発明の切除用カテーテルは、内部器官、特に心臓への血管を 利用しての送り込みに適用させる寸法をもつ。従って、カテーテルは、血管を通 じて送りまれて収容されるように2〜14フレンチの範囲の直径をもつべきであ る。カテーテル14の長さは、概して比較的長く(例えば、約91.44〜12 1.92cm(3〜4フィート))て、例えば大腿動脈から、心臓への血管内送 給を容易にする。カテーテルは一般に比較的長いが、電極18、20は代表的に カテーテル14の末端部先端からその先端の付近の約7.62〜12.7cm( 約3〜5インチ)の範囲の領域の表面だけに配置される。 カテーテルは、一般に絶縁性ポリマーのような可撓性で生体適合性材料から製 造される。さらに、この材料は、熱的に隔離されるべきでなくて、電極18と孔 26内の流体との間での効果的な熱の移動を容易にすべきである。カテーテルが 製造できる典型的なポリマーは、当該技術分野では良く知られており、それらに はポリオレフィン、ナイロン、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン、ポリ弗 化ビニリデン、弗素化エチレンプロピレンポリマー、それに横糸をもつダクロン 織物が含まれる。 述べたように、カテーテルの直径は、当該技術分野で良く知られている範囲内 にできる。一般に、カテーテルの直径は、2〜14フレンチの範囲内にある。孔 26は、約1〜3フレンチの範囲にある直径を持つことができる。カテーテルの 直径対孔の直径の比は、孔26を通る流体の冷却効果を最良にするように当業者 によって調節できる。好ましくは、この比は、2.5:1〜3.5:1の範囲内 にある。 カテーテルは、また内部に配置された追加的な孔を持つように構成できる。ま た、カテーテルは、流体が排出できる複数のポートを側面内に配置させることも できる。 電気外科的エネルギーを医療応用に提供できる発生器の大部分が、本発明に使 用できる。好ましくは、発生器は、ラジオ周波数エネルギーを供給する電圧確定 の低ソースインピーダンスの発生器である。適当な発生器は、約2アンペアの電 流まで供給し、10オーム以下のインピーダンスをもつ。 RF範囲内の周波数の大部分が、切除用カテーテル16へ供給できるけれども 、好ましい範囲は、約500〜700KHzで、最も好ましいのは約550KH zである。送給される電力は約20〜50Wである。 切除用カテーテルのエネルギーの要件は、動的であり 、治療中の任意の時間に組織のインピーダンス値に依存して変るかもしれない。 組織のインピーダンスは、組織のタイプや、組織内もしくは付近に存在する血液 の量で変わる。かくして、電極18、20によって組織へ送給される電流の量は 、組織のインピーダンスに依存する。接触している組織が低いインピーダンス値 の場合には、より多くの電流が電極を介して組織へ送給される。逆に、組織が高 いインピーダンス値を持つ場合には電流はあまり送給されない。切除処置中にカ テーテル16により送給される電流は、当該技術分野では知られていて、概して 0.1〜0.75アンペアの範囲にある。このような切除処置中の電極間で組織 へ供給される電圧もまた知られていて、概して約50〜300ボルト、最も好ま しくは約45〜60ボルトrmsの範囲にある。 カテーテルへの電気外科エネルギーの送給を制御するのに使用されるスイッチ 機構は、当該技術分野では良く知られている何らかの形式のものにできる。当業 者は、特定の応用に使用されるべき最も好ましい形式のスイッチ機構を容易に理 解しているだろう。 流体源28は、流体の流れを制御あるいは調節するためのポンプ及び/若しく はバルブ機構をもつ流体貯蔵器を有することができる。電気外科エネルギーの送 給を制御するのに使用されるスイッチ機構とは別のスイッチ機構が、孔26を通 る流体の流れを制御するのに使用できる。別法として、電気外科的エネルギーが 供給される時 にはポンプ及び/若しくはバルブが作動されて導管30及び孔26を介して流体 を送給するように、流体の流れは、電気外科的エネルギーの送給に結合されても よい。発生源28から孔26を介して流体を送給するために使用できる種々の別 法は、当業者には十分理解されるだろう。 好ましい実施例では、上述したように、電極18、20の一方は能動的なエネ ルギー送給電極として働き、他方はグランド電極として働く。図4に例示される 別の実施例では、また、電極118が、能動的なエネルギー送給電極として働く 。しかしながら、電極120は、電気リード線124を介してモニター装置14 0と連絡する。この形態の電極120は、モニター装置140と結合されること で心内膜信号を検出して心臓内のカテーテル16の位置付けを助ける、当該技術 分野で良く知られる形式の感知電極として働く。 電極18、20は、好ましくは当該技術分野で良く知られる形式の非常に高い 導電性の生体適合性材料から製造される。電極が構成できる典型的な材料には、 金、銀及び白金がある。電極は、固体材料から形成してもよいし、あるいはポリ マーのような絶縁基質上に導電性材料を被せることによって形成してもよい。 上述したように、カテーテルに流体を流すことは、エネルギー送給電力18あ るいは20の過度の加熱を防ぐのに有効である。好ましくは、流量は、可変であ り、監 視される電極温度及び/あるいは組織のインピーダンス値に依存する。好ましい 実施例では、組織のインピーダンスは、連続して監視され得る。監視されたイン ピーダンスが予め決めて設定した点を越えると、不能化信号が発生装置12へ送 信されて電流の送給を止めさせることができる。同時に、電極の温度は、監視さ れて温度の設定点と比較できる。流体の流れは、必要に応じて、増減できて、監 視される電極温度を設定点もしくはそれ以下に維持する。流体の流量が組織イン ピーダンスだけを監視することによってあるいは電極温度だけを監視することに よって制御できることが理解される。別の実施例では、監視されるインピーダン ス及び/あるいは電極温度の値を使用して発生装置12の出力電力を制御するこ とが可能である。このような技術は、また組織の過度の加熱を防ぐのを助けるこ とができる。 図5は、カテーテルを通る流体の流量を制御するのに有用な温度/インピーダ ンス・フィードバックシステムを表すブロック図を例示する。RFエネルギーの ようなエネルギーは、発生装置100からカテーテル102へ送給されて組織1 04へ供給される。モニター106は、組織へ送給されるエネルギーに基づいて 組織のインピーダンスを確認し、測定したインピーダンス値を設定値と比較する 。測定したインピーダンスが設定値を越えているなら、不能化信号105が発生 装置100へ送信されてカテーテル102へのさらなるエネルギーの送給を 止める。測定したインピーダンスが許容限界内である場合には、エネルギーは組 織へ供給され続ける。組織へのエネルギーの供給中は、温度感知要素107(サ ーミスタ、熱電対、あるいはその他同様のもの)が、エネルギー送給電極の温度 を測定する。比較器108は、測定した温度を表す信号を受信して、この値を所 望温度を表す予め設定しておいた信号と比較する。比較器108は、(電極温度 が高ければ)さらに早い流量を必要とすることあるいは(温度が十分であれば) 流量を維持することを表す信号を流れ調節器110へ連絡する。 さらに、温度比較器108からの出力117が発生器100へ入力されること で、発生器100によって送給される電力の量を調整して温度を制御できる。同 様に、インピーダンス・モニター及び比較器106からの出力119が流れ調節 器110へ入力されることで、流体の流れを調節して電極温度を制御できる。 図5に例示されるフィードバックシステムが種々の方法で実施できることは、 当業者であれば容易に理解するだろう。図6は、フィードバックシステムを容易 にするのに有用な回路を例示する。 図6に示すように、RF発生器100のようなエネルギー送給手段は、カテー テル102に結合されたトランスであって、生物学的に安全な電圧を患者の組織 へ供給する。この実施例では、カテーテルはエネルギー送給電極18とグランド 電極20とをもつバイポーラ型カテー テル102として表されている。両電極18、20は、トランスの巻線1、2の 一次側に接続される。共通の一次巻線1、2は、トランスのコアを介して二次巻 線1’、2’磁気的に結合されているので、一次側の電流と電圧が二次巻線1’ 、2’に反映される。 本発明の好ましい様相によれば、第一トランスt1の一次巻線1は、カテーテ ル102の出力電圧を二次巻線1’に接続する。第二トランスの一次巻線2は、 カテーテル102の出力電流を二次巻線2’に接続する。二つのトランスが降圧 トランスとして動作する上に、カテーテル102と二次巻線もしくは測定回路1 ’、2’との間で高電圧を絶縁する手段としても働くことは、当業者であれば理 解するだろう。 測定回路は、電流及び電圧の実行値(RMS)もしくは大きさを決定し、電圧 として表されるこれらの数値は、除算器回路Dに入力されて、RMS電圧値をR MS電流値で除算することによってカテーテルの電極102での身体組織のイン ピーダンスを幾何学的に計算する。除算回路Dの出力に現れる電圧がカテーテル の電極18、20に隣接する組織のインピーダンスを表しその関数であることは 、当業者であれば理解するだろう。 除算回路Dの出力電圧は、比較器Aの正(+)の入力端子に現れる。電圧源VO は、可変抵抗RVの両端に電圧を供給するので、比較器Aの負の入力に現れる電 圧をノブにより手で調節することを可能にする。この電圧は 、最大のインピーダンス値を表していて、このインピーダンス値を越えては電力 はカテーテル102へ供給されない。特に、一旦、組織が最大のカット・オフ・ インピーダンスより大きなインピーダンス値に対応する温度まで加熱されると、 RF発生器100は、カテーテル102への電力供給を止める。比較器Aは、R F発生器100の振幅あるいはパルス幅変調を制御することができる何らかの商 品として入手可能な形式のものでよい。 本発明の一つの様相では、冷却液の流量は、信号115によって表されるよう な組織のインピーダンスに基づいて、あるいは信号120によって表されるよう なカテーテルの温度に基づいて制御できる。一つの実施例では、スイッチSは、 インピーダンス信号115を比較器Aの正(+)の入力端子へ入力することを可 能にするように作動する。負(−)の入力端子に供給される基準電圧と共にこの 信号は、比較器Aを作動して出力信号を発生する。組織が生物学的に損傷を受け る温度まで加熱されると、組織のインピーダンスは負(−)の入力端子に現れる 選択したインピーダンス値を越えていることになる。その結果、信号105を発 生してRF発生器100を不能にし、カテーテル102へ供給される電力を停止 する。 比較器Aの出力信号は、さらにポンプ125に連絡できる。許容限界内にある 組織のインピーダンスにもかかわらず、切除用カテーテル102の温度が高いな ら、ポ ンプ125はカテーテル電極18、20へ連続して供給される冷却流体の流量を 調節してカテーテルの温度を下げる。かくして、比較器Aの出力信号は、(その インピーダンスによってはええいされる組織の温度に依存して)RF発生器10 0の電力出力を不能にしてもよいし、あるいは切除用カテーテルを冷却してもよ いし、あるいは両動作を同時に行ってもよい。 本発明の別の様相では、冷却流体の流量は、カテーテルの先端で測定される電 極の温度に基いて制御される。スイッチSは、比較器Bの出力信号120を比較 器Aの正(+)の入力端子に転送するように作動される。温度センサーは、カテ ーテル102にあるいはこれに隣接して配置されるサーミスタTであってもよい 。サーミスタTは、温度を感知して、予想できる方法での異なる温度の変化に反 応する。かくして、サーミスタは、曝されている温度を変わっていく抵抗によっ て能動的に表す。 温度感知用サーミスタTの両方のリード線は、比較器Bの正(+)及び負(− )の端子に入力されてカテーテルの温度を示す信号120を発生する。この信号 120は、負(−)の端子に入力される基準電圧と共に、比較器Aを作動させる ように働いて、電気的に連絡される出力信号をポンプ125へ発生させる。この 信号に応答して、ポンプ125は、選択的に孔26内の冷却流体の流量を変える 。 電極の温度は、組織の過度の加熱にならないことを保 証するために、連続して監視してもよいし、あるいはでたらめにサンプルするこ ともできる。さらに、使用されるポンプは、電気機構装置でなく、一つのバルブ あるいは一組のバルブでも良い。バルブは、ポンプと同じ手法で流体源からの冷 却流体の流量を調整できる。 本発明では、本願の発明の範囲から逸脱することなしに種々の修正が可能であ る。例えば、流体が放出される出口ポートは、カテーテルの部材の末端部先端に 配置される必要はなく、代わりにカテーテルの側壁内に配置してもよい。

Claims (1)

  1. 【特許請求の範囲】 1. 切除用カテーテル上に配置されたエネルギー送給電極の温度を制御するた めの方法において、 末端部に配置された少なくとも一つのエネルギー送給電極をもつ薄い可撓性の 細長い部材の形式の前記切除用カテーテルであって、該カテーテルに結合されて いる流体送給用孔をもち、血管を通して内部器官へ送り込まれるように適合され 、電気外科的発生装置と電気的に連絡されている、前記カテーテルを提供する段 階と、 前記カテーテルを血管を通して内部器官へ送り込む段階と、 前記発生装置から前記カテーテルを介して前記エネルギー送給電極及び隣接組 織へ電気外科的エネルギーを送給する段階と、 前記エネルギー送給電極の温度を測定してその温度を表す信号を発生する段階 と、 前記エネルギー送給電極の測定温度と予め決めた最大温度値とを比較して、前 記測定温度と前記予め決めていた温度との差を表す信号を発生する段階と、 前記カテーテルの前記孔を通る流体を所望の流量で選択的に送給する段階と、 前記測定温度を前記予め決めた温度にあるいはこれ以下に維持するために、前 記測定温度と前記予め決めた温度との差に基いて前記カテーテルの前記孔を通る 流体の 流量を調節する段階と、 を含む前記方法。 2. 前記流体を選択的に供給する段階が、前記流体を前記カテーテルの末端部 で排出することを可能にする段階をさらに含んでいる請求項1に記載の方法。 3. 前記流量は、前記測定温度と前記予め決めた温度との差を表す信号に応答 して動作する、流体の流量を制御するための、ポンプ手段によって調節される請 求項2に記載の方法。 4. 前記流体の流量が、1〜50ml/分である請求項1に記載の方法。 5. 組織に供給されるエネルギーに基づいて前記組織のインピーダンスを測定 することと前記測定した組織のインピーダンスと予め決めておいた最大インピー ダンスとを比較することと前記測定した組織のインピーダンスが予め決めた最大 インピーダンス値を越えている場合には更なるエネルギーの供給を止めるように 信号を前記発生装置へ送信することとによって、前記エネルギー送給電極の温度 を調整する段階と共に、前記発生装置によって送給される電気外科的エネルギー の量を制御する段階を、さらに含んでいる請求項1に記載の方法。 6. 切除用カテーテル上に配置されたエネルギー送給電極の温度を制御するた めの装置において、 末端部で排出するために内部に中央孔を配置されて可変流量で流体の送給を可 能にする、薄い可撓性の細長い前記カテーテルであって、少なくとも一つのエネ ルギー送給電極を前記末端部に配置されかつ血管を通して送り込むのに適した寸 法をもつ、前記カテーテルと、 前記カテーテルに電気的に連絡してあって、前記電極に隣接する組織へ送給す るために所望の電気外科的エネルギーの出力を前記電極へ供給するための、電気 外科的発生装置と、 前記孔に連絡されている流体供給源と、 前記カテーテルに結合してあって、前記エネルギー送給電極の温度を感知して 測定した電極温度を表す信号を発生するための、温度感知手段と、 前記測定した電極の温度と予め決めておいた最大温度値とを比較して温度差を 表す信号を発生するための比較手段と、 前記温度差を表す比較手段からの前記信号に応答して前記孔を通る流体の流量 を調節して、前記測定される電極の温度を前記予め決めた温度あるいはそれ以下 に維持するための流体制御手段と、 を含んでいる前記装置。 7. 前記温度感知手段が、サーミスタあるいは熱電対を含んでいる請求項6に 記載の装置。 8. 前記発生装置の電気外科的エネルギーの出力を制御するためのサブシステ ムであって、 組織に供給されるエネルギーに基づいて前記組織のインピーダンスを測定する ためのインピーダンス測定手段と、 前記測定した組織のインピーダンス値と予め決めておいた最大インピーダンス 値とを比較して、前記測定したインピーダンス値が前記予め決めた最大インピー ダンス値を越えている場合に不能化信号を発生するためのインピーダンス比較手 段と、 前記不能化信号を前記発生装置へ連絡して、前記発生装置から前記カテーテル へさらなるエネルギーの送給を止めさせるための手段と、 を有する前記サブシステムをさらに含む請求項6に記載の装置。 9. 切除用カテーテル上に配置されたエネルギー送給電極の温度を制御するた めの装置において、 末端部で排出するために内部に中央孔を配置されて可変流量で流体の送給を可 能にする、薄い可撓性の細長い前記カテーテルであって、少なくとも一つのエネ ルギー送給電極を前記末端部に配置されかつ血管を通して送り 込むのに適した寸法をもつ、前記カテーテルと、 前記カテーテルに電気的に連絡されていて、前記電極に隣接する組織への送給 のために電気外科的エネルギーを前記電極へ供給するための電気外科的発生装置 と、 前記孔に連絡されている流体供給源と、 前記組織に供給される前記エネルギーに基づいて前記組織のインピーダンス値 を測定するためのインピーダンス測定手段と、 前記測定した組織のインピーダンス値と予め決めておいた最大インピーダンス 値とを比較して、前記測定した組織のインピーダンス値と前記予め決めておいた 最大インピーダンス値との差を表す信号を発生する、ためのインピーダンス比較 手段と、 前記インピーダンスの差を表す前記インピーダンス比較手段からの前記信号に 応答して前記孔を通る流体の流量を調節して、前記測定されるインピーダンス値 を前記予め決めたインピーダンス値あるいはそれ以下に維持するための流体制御 手段と、 を含んでいる前記装置。
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