JPH0572860B2 - - Google Patents

Info

Publication number
JPH0572860B2
JPH0572860B2 JP63233824A JP23382488A JPH0572860B2 JP H0572860 B2 JPH0572860 B2 JP H0572860B2 JP 63233824 A JP63233824 A JP 63233824A JP 23382488 A JP23382488 A JP 23382488A JP H0572860 B2 JPH0572860 B2 JP H0572860B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
welded
tube
shielding plate
tubular
circumference
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
JP63233824A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
JPH01110128A (ja
Inventor
Kuntsu Peteru
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Georg Fischer AG
Original Assignee
Georg Fischer AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=4261252&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=JPH0572860(B2) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Georg Fischer AG filed Critical Georg Fischer AG
Publication of JPH01110128A publication Critical patent/JPH01110128A/ja
Publication of JPH0572860B2 publication Critical patent/JPH0572860B2/ja
Granted legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B29C65/20—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools with direct contact, e.g. using "mirror"
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B13/00—Conditioning or physical treatment of the material to be shaped
    • B29B13/02—Conditioning or physical treatment of the material to be shaped by heating
    • B29B13/023—Half-products, e.g. films, plates
    • B29B13/024—Hollow bodies, e.g. tubes or profiles
    • B29B13/025—Tube ends
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1429—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1432—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface direct heating of the surfaces to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1496—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation making use of masks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/003—Protecting areas of the parts to be joined from overheating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/116—Single bevelled joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being bevelled in the joint area
    • B29C66/1162—Single bevel to bevel joints, e.g. mitre joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/32—Measures for keeping the burr form under control; Avoiding burr formation; Shaping the burr
    • B29C66/324—Avoiding burr formation
    • B29C66/3242—Avoiding burr formation on the inside of a tubular or hollow article
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/347—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined using particular temperature distributions or gradients; using particular heat distributions or gradients
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/348—Avoiding melting or weakening of the zone directly next to the joint area, e.g. by cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5221—Joining tubular articles for forming coaxial connections, i.e. the tubular articles to be joined forming a zero angle relative to each other
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9141—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature
    • B29C66/91411—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature of the parts to be joined, e.g. the joining process taking the temperature of the parts to be joined into account
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/919—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges
    • B29C66/9192—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2023/00—Tubular articles
    • B29L2023/22—Tubes or pipes, i.e. rigid

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 本発明は、請求項１の上位概念で特徴を示した
管状の熱可塑性部材の端部を突合わせ溶接する方
法及びその実施に必要な装置に関するものであ
る。
平面加工した管端部の突合わせ溶接方法におい
て、直接、加熱鏡板を当接して熔融し、引続き調
整可能な圧力で接合することが既知である（例え
ば、ドイツ連邦共和国特許出願公告第2212055号
公報参照）。接合に際して、管状部材の内周およ
び外周には溶接ビードが形成され、内側の溶接ビ
ードは貫流断面を低減し、流れ抵抗を増大する不
都合を生じる。また、内側部分においては、熔融
材料が軟化することにより、必要な溶接圧力が得
られない問題がある。
本発明の目的は、溶接結合に際して、内周の溶
接ビードの発生を防止するような、冒頭に述べた
方法およびその実施に必要な装置を提供すること
にある。
この目的を達成するため、本発明は、請求項１
の方法および請求項５の装置を特徴とする。
本発明の方法および装置における更に有利な特
徴は、従属請求項に掲げた。
以下、図示実施例につき、本発明を説明する。
第１図に示すように、一対の管状部材１ａ，１
ｂの端部を、溶接装置のクランプ部材２ａ，２ｂ
によつて互いに所定の距離で離間した位置で同軸
線上に保持する。
２個のクランプ部材２ａ，２ｂの一方は、軸線
方向に変位可能である。
管端部の間で旋回可能な加熱鏡板３は、放射熱
を発生し、管端部に対して調整可能な距離D1に
設ける。管端部は、管の外周１１から内周１２へ
管の内包に向け傾斜する傾斜面１０を有する。
加熱鏡板３には、遮蔽板４を距離を置いて交換
可能として固定し、かかる加熱鏡板の外径は、そ
れぞれの溶接すべき管の内径にほぼ合致する。
第３図は、管状部材の傾斜端および熱放射５の
作用を示している。
第４図に示す加熱鏡板放射面６からの距離Ｄに
依存する温度勾配Ｔを曲線TEで表す。
TSは使用した熱可塑性材料の熔融温度を、TS
maxは許容最大熔融温度を表す。
D1は放射面６から管状部材１ａ，１ｂの外側
端１３までの距離を、D2は同じく内側端１４ま
での距離を表す。内側端１４における温度T2は、
出来る限り熔融温度TSに近く、温度T1は許容最
大熔融温度TSより低くなければならない。かか
る温度勾配TEは熱出力、加熱時間、距離Ｄの調
節、傾斜面１０の変化および／又は遮蔽板４の直
径および位置により決定することができる。ま
た、加熱鏡板３は、外側部分から内側部分に向け
熱出力が低減するものとすることも可能である。
このようにして、第４図による最適な温度勾配
TEは、第３図に示した三角形状の熔融ゾーンを
生ずる。
端部が熔融した管状部材料１ａ，１ｂを制御し
て突合わせることにより、例えば、クランプ装置
２ａにより矢印７（第１図）に示す方向に部材１
ａを変位することにより溶接が行われる。その
際、熔融ゾーン１５は、著しく外側に変形し、外
周１１に延在する溶接ビード１６を生ずる（第２
図）。
上述の場合、内側端部１４は、全く、あるいは
極めて僅かしか膨出せず、溶接圧力を支持するこ
とができる。従つて、内周には極めて小さな溶接
ビードしか形成されず、多くの場合には皆無であ
る。
【図面の簡単な説明】
第１図は２本の管状部材の溶接時における加熱
状態を示す溶接装置の概略断面図、第２図は、溶
接結合の完了状態を示す断面図、第３図は、加熱
鏡板と管端部との部分拡大断面図、第４図は、温
度勾配を示す線図である。

Claims (1)

  1. 【特許請求の範囲】 １ 管状の熱可塑性部材の端部を突合わせ溶接す
    る方法であつて、両方の管端部を熱可塑性材料が
    熔融するまで加熱し、引き続いて加圧接合するも
    のにおいて、外周から内周へと低下する温度勾配
    を放射熱によつて溶接すべき管端部に生ぜしめて
    両方の管端部を調整して接合し、これにより内壁
    には充分な溶接が行われて変形が全く生じない
    か、あるいは、せいぜい最小限の変形が生じるに
    過ぎず、外壁には最適な溶接ビードを伴う良好な
    溶接結合が生ずるようにすることを特徴とする管
    状熱可塑性部材の突合わせ溶接方法。 ２ 請求項１記載の方法において、前記温度勾配
    を、熱源と管端面との間の距離をそれぞれ相違さ
    せることにより生ぜしめることを特徴とする方
    法。 ３ 請求項２記載の方法において、溶接すべき管
    端部を外周から内周へと管端部に沿つて傾斜させ
    ることにより管端部の突合わせに際して溶接ビー
    ドが内周で外側へ変位し、熔融した内周領域での
    継ぎ目圧力を比較的小さくして、外周に向かつて
    より多くの材料を熔融させることを特徴とする方
    法。 ４ 請求項１〜３のいずれか１項に記載の方法に
    おいて、管端部の内周に適合した遮蔽板により熱
    放射を遮蔽することによつて、管の内周に必要な
    最低温度を伴う望ましい温度勾配を達成すること
    を特徴とする方法。 ５ 請求項１〜４のいずれか１項に記載の方法を
    実施するための放射熱を発生する加熱鏡板３を具
    えた装置において、少なくとも一つの加熱鏡板放
    射面６に遮蔽板４を固定したことを特徴とする管
    状熱可塑性部材の突合わせ溶接装置。 ６ 請求項５記載の装置において、遮蔽板４を、
    加熱鏡板放射面６に対して離間させたことを特徴
    とする装置。 ７ 請求項５または６記載の装置において、遮蔽
    板４は、交換可能として固定し、かかる遮蔽板の
    外径は、溶接すべき管状部材１ａ，１ｂの内径に
    それぞれ概ね一致することを特徴とする装置。
JP63233824A 1987-09-23 1988-09-20 管状熱可塑性部材の突合わせ溶接方法および装置 Granted JPH01110128A (ja)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH3682/87-0 1987-09-23
CH3682/87A CH673433A5 (ja) 1987-09-23 1987-09-23

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH01110128A JPH01110128A (ja) 1989-04-26
JPH0572860B2 true JPH0572860B2 (ja) 1993-10-13

Family

ID=4261252

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP63233824A Granted JPH01110128A (ja) 1987-09-23 1988-09-20 管状熱可塑性部材の突合わせ溶接方法および装置

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0312712B2 (ja)
JP (1) JPH01110128A (ja)
AT (1) ATE63850T1 (ja)
CH (1) CH673433A5 (ja)
DE (1) DE3863049D1 (ja)
DK (1) DK166998B1 (ja)
ES (1) ES2022956T5 (ja)

Families Citing this family (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4013471A1 (de) * 1990-04-27 1991-10-31 Fischer Ag Georg Einrichtung zum stirnseitigen verschweissen von kunststoffteilen
DE4113408A1 (de) * 1991-04-22 1992-10-29 Donald Herbst Verfahren zum verschweissen zweier hohlkoerper
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DE3863049D1 (de) 1991-07-04
EP0312712B2 (de) 1995-08-16
DK526988A (da) 1989-03-24
EP0312712B1 (de) 1991-05-29
CH673433A5 (ja) 1990-03-15
DK166998B1 (da) 1993-08-16
ES2022956T5 (es) 1995-11-01
ATE63850T1 (de) 1991-06-15
JPH01110128A (ja) 1989-04-26
ES2022956B3 (es) 1991-12-16
DK526988D0 (da) 1988-09-22
EP0312712A1 (de) 1989-04-26

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