JPH0448742A - 半導体装置及びその製造方法 - Google Patents

半導体装置及びその製造方法

Info

Publication number
JPH0448742A
JPH0448742A JP2155359A JP15535990A JPH0448742A JP H0448742 A JPH0448742 A JP H0448742A JP 2155359 A JP2155359 A JP 2155359A JP 15535990 A JP15535990 A JP 15535990A JP H0448742 A JPH0448742 A JP H0448742A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
ball
electrode pad
metal wire
semiconductor device
height
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
JP2155359A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
JP2533675B2 (ja
Inventor
Kiyoaki Tsumura
清昭 津村
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mitsubishi Electric Corp
Original Assignee
Mitsubishi Electric Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mitsubishi Electric Corp filed Critical Mitsubishi Electric Corp
Priority to JP15535990A priority Critical patent/JP2533675B2/ja
Priority to DE19904039536 priority patent/DE4039536A1/de
Publication of JPH0448742A publication Critical patent/JPH0448742A/ja
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP2533675B2 publication Critical patent/JP2533675B2/ja
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H01L24/85—Methods for connecting semiconductor or other solid state bodies using means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected using a wire connector
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Abstract

(57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるた
め要約のデータは記録されません。

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 ［産業上の利用分野］ この発明は、半導体装置及びその製造方法、特に、吸湿
後の半田浸漬処理において、半導体素子と封止樹脂の間
に生じる応力の影響を最小限にすることができる、電極
パッドと金属極細線の金属ボールとの接合構造を持った
半導体装置及びその製造方法に間するものである。
［従来の技術］ 第４図は従来の一般的な半導体装置を示す断面図であり
、図において、Ｓｉ基板（図示しない）上に製造された
半導体素子（１）は、ダイパッド（２）上にダイボンド
材（３）により固定されており、半導体素子（１）の上
部には電極パッド（４）が形成されている。この電極パ
ッド（４）とインナーリード（５）とは、Ａｕ（金）を
主成分とする合金で造られな金属極細線（ワイヤ）（６
）により電気的に接続されている。また、インナーリー
ド（５）は外部リード（７）と一体となっている。上記
半導体素子く１）、ダイパッド（２）、インナーリード
（５）及び金属極細線（６）はエポキシ樹脂等の封止樹
脂（８）に封止され、半導体パッケージとなる。
第５図は、従来の半導体装置の電極バ・ソド（４）と金
属ボールの接合部を示す拡大断面図であり、図において
、電極パッド（４）は、半導体素子（１）上に順次Ｓｉ
Ｏ２膜（９）、Ｂ（ボロン）とＰ（リン）入りのガラス
であるＢＰＳＧ膜（１０）及びＡＩ（アルミニウム）を
主成分とするＡ１膜（１１）からなるＡＩを主成分とす
る合金薄膜により構成されている。このＡＩＷＡ（１１
）の上に金属ボール（１２）が圧着され、これら金属ボ
ール（１２）とＡ１膜（１１）との間にはＡｕ−Ａｌ合
金層（１３）が形成される。
また、金属ボール（１２）の圧着された際の圧着高さｈ
は２０１〜３０ｕ＋である。
次に、上述したように構成された半導体装置の製造方法
について説明する。第６Ａ図に示すように、金属極細線
（６）はキャピラリー（１４）の中を通り、トーチ棒（
１５）に対向している。これらの金属極細線（６）とト
ーチ棒（１５）との間に高電圧を印加することにより、
第６Ｂ図に示すように金属極細線（６）の先端を溶融さ
せ金属ボール（１２）を形成する。この後、第６Ｃ図に
示すように、ビートブロック（１６）上に置かれた半導
体素子（１）の電極パッド（４）上にキャピラリー（１
４）を降下させ、金属ボール（１２）を塑性変形しなが
ら金属ボール（１２）のＡｕと電極パッド（４）のＡ１
との合金を生成することにより、金属極細線（６）と電
極パッド（４）との接合を完了する。さらに、第６Ｄ図
に示すように、キャピラリー（１４）から金属極細線（
６）を繰り出し、インナーリード（５）にも同様にＡｕ
の接合を完了させた後、金属極細線（６）を引きちぎり
、キャピラリー（１４）と共に上昇して第６Ａ図に示し
た状態に戻る０次いで、上記半導体素子（１）、電極パ
ッド（４）、インナーリード（５）及び金属極細線（６
）等を封止樹脂（８）により封止して半導体装置とする
。
次に、金属ボール（１２）と電極バ・ンド（４）との接
合についてさらに詳細に説明する。第７図番よキャピラ
リー（１４）の先端と金属ボール（１２）を示す拡大断
面図であり、キャピラリー（１４）の先端の形状は、金
属極細線（６）の通路となりかつ金属ボール（１２）を
押し潰すために、電極ノ（・ｙド（４）と平行な面（１
７）及びテーパー面（１８）で構成されている。第８図
に示すように、金属ボーアＬ−（１２）はキャピラリー
（１４）のテーノ（−面（１８）で保持されながら電極
パッド（４）に押しつけられることで塑性変形し、キャ
ピラリー（１４）の内面に沿った形に成形される。この
時、半導体素子（１）４こ加えられる熱と、金属ボール
（１２）を押し潰す荷重と、キャピラリー（１４）を通
じて印加される超音波振動エネルギーとにより、金属ボ
ール（１２）のＡｕと電極パッド（４）のＡ１との合金
、すなわち、Ａｕ−Ａｌ合金層（１３）が生成する。こ
のＡｕ−Ａｌ合金層（１３）により電極パ・ンドく４）
とインナー１ノード（５）との接合が完了し、これらの
電気的接続が図られる。
従来、第７図に示すように、キャピラリー（１４）の金
属極細線（６）の通路径Ｈ＝５０μｍφ、テーパー面の
径Ｂ＝７７１＋ｓφとすると、金属ボール（１２）の径
Ｄ−７８〜８７ｕｍφとなり、これにより半導体装置を
製造していた。
［発明が解決しようとする課題］ 上述したような半導体装置では、半導体装１をプリント
基板等に実装した後の信頼性を評価する方法として、吸
湿後の半田浸漬処理を実施後、耐湿性試験等を行ってい
る０例えば、半導体装置を８５℃、相対湿度８５％の雰
囲気下に２４時間放置した後、この半導体装置を２６０
℃に３０秒間加熱する処理を行う、この処理によって、
封止樹脂（８）と半導体素子（１）との間に応力（第４
図中の（１１））が生じ、この応力によって、第９図に
示すように金属ボール（１２）がＡ　ｕ　−Ａ　Ｉ合金
層（１３）、Ａ１膜（１１）、ＢＰＳＧ膜（１０）及び
ＳｉＯ２膜（９）と共に半導体素子（１）のＳｉ基板に
亀裂すなわちＳｉクラック（１ｂ）を生じ、半導体素子
（１）から剥離してしまうという問題点があった。
この発明は、このような問題点を解決するためになされ
たもので、接合後の金属ボールの形状を工夫することで
、金属ボールが封止樹脂から受ける応力を小さくするこ
とによって、Ｓｉクラックの発生を防止した半導体装置
及びその製造方法を得ることを目的とする。
［課題を解決するための手段］ この発明に係る半導体装置及びその製造方法は、金属極
細線の先端を溶融して形成した金属ボールを電極パッド
１こ加圧して塑性変形した圧着ボールの高さを５關−か
ら１５ｕｍの範囲として、電極パッドとインナーリード
とを接合するものである。
［作　用］ この発明においては、インナーリードと電極パッドとの
接合を高さが５ド輸から１５關−の範囲の圧着ボールで
行うので、半導体素子と封止樹脂との間で生じる応力の
影響を最小限にすることができ、半導体装置の吸湿後の
半田浸漬処理に対して、信頼性を向上させることができ
る。
［実施例］ 第１図はこの発明の一実施例による半導体装置を示す断
面図、第２図は第１図に示した半導体装置の電極パッド
と金属ボールとの接合部の拡大断面図であり、（１）〜
（５）、（７）〜（１１）及び（１３）は上述した従来
の半導体装置におけるものと全く同一である。これらの
図において、Ａｕを主成分とする合金で造られた金Ｘ極
細線（６Ａ）先端の金属ボールが圧着され塑性変形した
金属ボール（１２Ａ）（圧着ボールとする）の高さｈｏ
は、５ＩＩ１１〜１５ｕ論の範囲である。
上述したように構成、された半導体装置において、圧着
ボールの高さｈｏは、第７図に示す金属ボール（１２Ａ
）の直径りの寸法を所定の範囲に設定することによって
、調節することができる。すなわち、例えばキャピラリ
ー（１４）の金属極細線（６Ａ）の通路径Ｈ＝５０ｐ輸
φ、テーパー面の径Ｂ＝７７ｕ輸φとすると、金属ボー
ル（１２Ａ）の径Ｄ＝６３〜７４μｍφの範囲に設定す
れば、圧着ボールの高さｈｏは５ＩＪＩ＠〜１５１１Ｉ
Ｉの範囲となる。
次に、一般的な半導体装置の圧着ボールの高さ（ｈ）と
封止樹脂から受ける応力（Ｆ）（第４図中（ｌａ））と
の関係を計算により求めたグラフを第３図に示す、圧着
ボールの高さｈをパラメーターとすると、ｈ＞１５ｕ−
の領域■では半導体素子（１）に８１クラツクが発生す
る。また、従来の半導体装置における２０μｍ≦ｈ≦３
０ｕｍの領域■では、上記領域■に含まれてしまうので
、同様にＳｉクラックが発生する。さらに、Ａｕ−Ａｌ
ｌ合金金１７５℃、２０００時間の高温保存状態で成長
する合金層の厚さは約５ｐ―であるがら、ｈ＜５Ｈの領
域Ｉでは高温保存寿命が従来より短くなる可能性がある
。従って、５μ一≦ｈ≦１５ｕｍの範囲であれば高温保
存寿命が優れがっ封止樹脂の応力が小さいので、Ｓｉク
ラックは発生せず、信頼性の高い半導体装置が得られる
。
なお、上述した実施例では、電極パッド（４）の構造を
Ａ　Ｉ　／　Ｂ　Ｐ　Ｓ　Ｇ　／　Ｓ　ｉ　Ｏ２とした
が、これ以外の一般的な構造、すなわちＡｌ／ＭｏＳｉ
／Ｐｏ１ｙＳｉ／５ｉ０２　、ＡｌＳｉ／ＭｏＳｉ／Ｐ
ｏ１ｙＳｉ／　Ｓ　ｉ　Ｏ、、Ａ　Ｉ　Ｓ　ｉ　／　Ｔ
　ｉ　Ｎ　／　Ｔ　Ｅ　ＯＳ　（テトラエチルオルソシ
リケート）／　Ｂ　Ｐ　Ｓ　Ｇ　／　Ｓ　ｉｏ　２　、
Ａ　Ｉ　Ｓ　ｉ　Ｃｕ　／　Ｔ　ｉ　Ｎ　／　Ｔ　Ｅ　
ＯＳ　／　Ｂ　Ｐ　Ｓ　Ｇ　／５ｉ０２などを使用して
もよく、Ｓｉクラックが発生する処理条件は異なるが、
いずれの構造においても半導体装置の信頼性を向上させ
ることができる。
また、金属極細線はＡｕを主成分とする合金に限らすＣ
ｕ、　Ａｇ、　ＡＩ、Ｆｅなとの一般的な金属等であっ
てもよく、上述と同様の効果を奏する。
［発明の効果コ この発明は、以上説明したとおり、金属極細線の先端を
溶融して形成した金属ボールを電極パッドに加圧して塑
性変形した圧着ボールの高さを５シーから１５１１ｍの
範囲として、電極パッドとインナーリードとを接合する
ので、半導体装置の吸湿後の半田浸漬処理に対して、十
分なマージン拡大が得られ、金属ボールが半導体素子か
ら剥離せず信頼性が向上した半導体装置が得られるとい
う効果を奏する。
【図面の簡単な説明】
第１図はこの発明の一実施例による半導体装置を示す断
面図、第２図は第１図に示した半導体装置の電極パッド
と金属ボールとの接合部を示す拡大断面図、第３図は半
導体装置の圧着ボールの高さと封止樹脂から受ける応力
との関係を示す線区、第４図は従来の半導体装置を示す
断面図、第５図は第４図に示した半導体装置の電極パッ
ドと金属ボールとの接合部を示す拡大断面図、第６Ａ図
〜第６Ｄ図は半導体装ｌの一連の製造工程を示す概略構
成図、第７図は金属ボール及びキャピラリーの先端を示
す拡大断面図、第８図は金属ボールが加圧、塑性変形し
て圧着された状態を示す拡大断面図、第９図は金属ボー
ルが半導体素子から剥離した状態を示す拡大断面図であ
る。 図において、（１）は半導体素子、（２）はグイパッド
、く３）はグイボンド材、（４）は電極パッド、（５）
はインナーリード、（６Ａ）は金属極細線、（７）は外
部リード、く８）は封止樹脂、（９）ハＳ　ｉｏ　２膜
、（１０）はＢＰＳＧ膜、（１１）はＡ１膜、（１２Ａ
＞は金属ボール、（１３）はＡｕ−Ａｌ合金層である。 なお、 を示す。 各図中、 同一符号は同一または相当部分 り゛イＩＸＮ〜Ｆ 弘 脅唇他峠緯 篤２図 ９ＳＩ０２鏝 １０：　ＢＰＳＧＩｌ １１１　ＡＺ運 ＋２Ａ　／ｌＡホ’−／Ｌ １３　：　Ａｕ　−Ａ／　香ｅｎ ＝媚印信＾め啄セ峙４３　ｑ１５ ＰｊＦ、４図 Ｐｌ−Ｊ５図 九８図 鳥９図

Claims (2)

    【特許請求の範囲】
  1. （１）半導体素子と、この半導体素子に設けられた電極
    パッドと、インナーリードと、このインナーリードと上
    記電極パッドとを電気的に接続する金属極細線と、これ
    ら半導体素子、電極パッド、インナーリード及び金属極
    細線を封止する封止樹脂とを備え、上記電極パッドと上
    記インナーリードとは、上記金属極細線の先端を溶融し
    て形成した金属ボールを上記電極パッドに加圧して塑性
    変形した圧着ボールの高さが５μｍから１５μｍの範囲
    で接合されることを特徴とする半導体装置。
  2. （２）電極パッドが設けられた半導体素子をダイパッド
    に固着し、金属極細線の先端を加熱、溶融して金属ボー
    ルを形成し、この金属ボールを上記電極パッドに加圧し
    て塑性変形し高さが５μｍから１５μｍの範囲の圧着ボ
    ールとして上記金属極細線の先端と上記電極パッドとを
    接合し、上記金属極細線の他端をインナーリードに接合
    し、次いで、半導体素子、電極パッド、インナーリード
    及び金属極細線を封止樹脂で封止することを特徴とする
    半導体装置の製造方法。
JP15535990A 1990-06-15 1990-06-15 半導体装置及びその製造方法 Expired - Lifetime JP2533675B2 (ja)

Priority Applications (2)

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DE19904039536 DE4039536A1 (de) 1990-06-15 1990-12-11 Halbleiterbauelement und herstellungsverfahren dafuer

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JPH0448742A true JPH0448742A (ja) 1992-02-18
JP2533675B2 JP2533675B2 (ja) 1996-09-11

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DE (1) DE4039536A1 (ja)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH10242360A (ja) 1997-02-25 1998-09-11 Oki Electric Ind Co Ltd 半導体装置

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0243747A (ja) * 1988-08-04 1990-02-14 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 半導体装置

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH01201934A (ja) * 1988-02-08 1989-08-14 Mitsubishi Electric Corp ワイヤボンディング方法及びキャピラリチップ
JPH01215030A (ja) * 1988-02-24 1989-08-29 Hitachi Ltd 樹脂封止型半導体装置

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0243747A (ja) * 1988-08-04 1990-02-14 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 半導体装置

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DE4039536A1 (de) 1991-12-19
JP2533675B2 (ja) 1996-09-11

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