JPH0367356B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0367356B2 JPH0367356B2 JP58073654A JP7365483A JPH0367356B2 JP H0367356 B2 JPH0367356 B2 JP H0367356B2 JP 58073654 A JP58073654 A JP 58073654A JP 7365483 A JP7365483 A JP 7365483A JP H0367356 B2 JPH0367356 B2 JP H0367356B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- bath
- nickel
- borane
- present
- amount
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/22—Secondary treatment of printed circuits
- H05K3/24—Reinforcing the conductive pattern
- H05K3/245—Reinforcing conductive patterns made by printing techniques or by other techniques for applying conductive pastes, inks or powders; Reinforcing other conductive patterns by such techniques
- H05K3/246—Reinforcing conductive paste, ink or powder patterns by other methods, e.g. by plating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/1601—Process or apparatus
- C23C18/1603—Process or apparatus coating on selected surface areas
- C23C18/1607—Process or apparatus coating on selected surface areas by direct patterning
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/1601—Process or apparatus
- C23C18/1603—Process or apparatus coating on selected surface areas
- C23C18/1607—Process or apparatus coating on selected surface areas by direct patterning
- C23C18/1608—Process or apparatus coating on selected surface areas by direct patterning from pretreatment step, i.e. selective pre-treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/1601—Process or apparatus
- C23C18/1633—Process of electroless plating
- C23C18/1635—Composition of the substrate
- C23C18/1637—Composition of the substrate metallic substrate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/18—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
- C23C18/1803—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of metallic material surfaces or of a non-specific material surfaces
- C23C18/1824—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of metallic material surfaces or of a non-specific material surfaces by chemical pretreatment
- C23C18/1827—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of metallic material surfaces or of a non-specific material surfaces by chemical pretreatment only one step pretreatment
- C23C18/1831—Use of metal, e.g. activation, sensitisation with noble metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/31—Coating with metals
- C23C18/32—Coating with nickel, cobalt or mixtures thereof with phosphorus or boron
- C23C18/34—Coating with nickel, cobalt or mixtures thereof with phosphorus or boron using reducing agents
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/48—Manufacture or treatment of parts, e.g. containers, prior to assembly of the devices, using processes not provided for in a single one of the groups H01L21/18 - H01L21/326 or H10D48/04 - H10D48/07
- H01L21/4814—Conductive parts
- H01L21/4846—Leads on or in insulating or insulated substrates, e.g. metallisation
- H01L21/4867—Applying pastes or inks, e.g. screen printing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K1/00—Printed circuits
- H05K1/02—Details
- H05K1/09—Use of materials for the conductive, e.g. metallic pattern
- H05K1/092—Dispersed materials, e.g. conductive pastes or inks
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10S428/901—Printed circuit
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24802—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.]
- Y10T428/24917—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.] including metal layer
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Chemically Coating (AREA)
- Production Of Multi-Layered Print Wiring Board (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Printed Wiring (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US37210182A | 1982-04-27 | 1982-04-27 | |
| US372101 | 1982-04-27 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS58202595A JPS58202595A (ja) | 1983-11-25 |
| JPH0367356B2 true JPH0367356B2 (enExample) | 1991-10-22 |
Family
ID=23466722
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP58073654A Granted JPS58202595A (ja) | 1982-04-27 | 1983-04-26 | 誘電支持体上の冶金学的パタ−ン上にニツケル−ホウ素の被膜を選択的に析出する方法およびそれにより製造された製品 |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US5403650A (enExample) |
| EP (1) | EP0092971B1 (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JPS58202595A (enExample) |
| CA (1) | CA1207464A (enExample) |
| DE (1) | DE3380413D1 (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (25)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3380413D1 (en) * | 1982-04-27 | 1989-09-21 | Richardson Chemical Co | Process for selectively depositing a nickel-boron coating over a metallurgy pattern on a dielectric substrate and products produced thereby |
| JPH0634442B2 (ja) * | 1986-11-25 | 1994-05-02 | 株式会社日立製作所 | ムライト配線基板の製造方法 |
| US4954370A (en) * | 1988-12-21 | 1990-09-04 | International Business Machines Corporation | Electroless plating of nickel on anodized aluminum |
| NL9100241A (nl) * | 1991-02-12 | 1991-08-01 | Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv | Werkwijze voor de vervaardiging van een halfgeleiderinrichting. |
| JPH06216184A (ja) * | 1992-08-20 | 1994-08-05 | Toyota Autom Loom Works Ltd | 配線基板上の配線の表面処理方法 |
| US5601684A (en) * | 1992-09-03 | 1997-02-11 | Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. | Method for manufacturing an ion flow electrostatic recording head |
| KR960005765A (ko) * | 1994-07-14 | 1996-02-23 | 모리시다 요이치 | 반도체 장치의 배선형성에 이용하는 무전해 도금욕 및 반도체 장치의 배선성형방법 |
| US5846598A (en) * | 1995-11-30 | 1998-12-08 | International Business Machines Corporation | Electroless plating of metallic features on nonmetallic or semiconductor layer without extraneous plating |
| US6060176A (en) * | 1995-11-30 | 2000-05-09 | International Business Machines Corporation | Corrosion protection for metallic features |
| US5721014A (en) * | 1995-12-19 | 1998-02-24 | Surface Tek Specialty Products, Inc. | Composition and method for reducing copper oxide to metallic copper |
| US5900186A (en) * | 1995-12-19 | 1999-05-04 | Morton International, Inc. | Composition and method for reducing copper oxide to metallic copper |
| US5683568A (en) * | 1996-03-29 | 1997-11-04 | University Of Tulsa | Electroplating bath for nickel-iron alloys and method |
| DE19716356A1 (de) * | 1996-04-26 | 1997-10-30 | Murata Manufacturing Co | Verfahren zur Herstellung von monolithischen elektronischen Teilen |
| DE19705745C2 (de) * | 1997-02-14 | 2002-02-07 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Verfahren zum Bilden einer strukturierten Metallisierung auf einem Halbleiterwafer |
| GB2326976A (en) * | 1997-06-30 | 1999-01-06 | Harris Corp | Varistor nickel barrier electrode |
| IT1297448B1 (it) * | 1997-12-18 | 1999-12-17 | Soprin S R L | Metodo per la zincatura a caldo di materiali ferrosi |
| US6214523B1 (en) * | 1998-01-09 | 2001-04-10 | International Business Machines Corporation | Pattern formation by removal of paste material |
| JP4811543B2 (ja) * | 2000-09-08 | 2011-11-09 | 学校法人早稲田大学 | 微細パターンの作製方法 |
| JP2002226974A (ja) * | 2000-11-28 | 2002-08-14 | Ebara Corp | 無電解Ni−Bめっき液、電子デバイス装置及びその製造方法 |
| US7078796B2 (en) * | 2003-07-01 | 2006-07-18 | Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. | Corrosion-resistant copper bond pad and integrated device |
| JP4802867B2 (ja) * | 2006-05-31 | 2011-10-26 | 富士ゼロックス株式会社 | 電子部品、レーザ装置、光書込み装置及び画像形成装置 |
| JP5764882B2 (ja) * | 2010-08-13 | 2015-08-19 | 株式会社村田製作所 | 積層型セラミック電子部品およびその製造方法 |
| CN104475951B (zh) * | 2014-11-09 | 2016-06-08 | 北京工业大学 | 一种电阻加热金属丝材熔积成形方法 |
| JP6803137B2 (ja) * | 2015-09-30 | 2020-12-23 | 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 | 裏面入射型固体撮像素子 |
| US10446336B2 (en) | 2016-12-16 | 2019-10-15 | Abb Schweiz Ag | Contact assembly for electrical devices and method for making |
Family Cites Families (33)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3045334A (en) * | 1958-10-01 | 1962-07-24 | Du Pont | Alloy and composite metal plate |
| US3096182A (en) * | 1958-10-01 | 1963-07-02 | Du Pont | Chemical plating solution and process for plating therewith |
| US3338726A (en) * | 1958-10-01 | 1967-08-29 | Du Pont | Chemical reduction plating process and bath |
| US3062666A (en) * | 1958-11-26 | 1962-11-06 | Du Pont | Bath compositions for the chemical reductive plating of nickel-boron and cobalt-boron alloys |
| US3011920A (en) * | 1959-06-08 | 1961-12-05 | Shipley Co | Method of electroless deposition on a substrate and catalyst solution therefor |
| DE1254935B (de) * | 1960-12-31 | 1967-11-23 | Bayer Ag | Waessriges Bad zur chemischen Abscheidung von borhaltigen Metallueberzuegen |
| DE1243493B (de) * | 1961-02-04 | 1967-06-29 | Bayer Ag | Waessriges Bad zur chemischen Abscheidung von borhaltigen Metallueberzuegen |
| US4061802A (en) * | 1966-10-24 | 1977-12-06 | Costello Francis E | Plating process and bath |
| US3540894A (en) * | 1967-03-29 | 1970-11-17 | Ibm | Eutectic lead bisilicate ceramic compositions and fired ceramic bodies |
| US3532541A (en) * | 1967-06-19 | 1970-10-06 | Ibm | Boron containing composite metallic films and plating baths for their electroless deposition |
| US3518756A (en) * | 1967-08-22 | 1970-07-07 | Ibm | Fabrication of multilevel ceramic,microelectronic structures |
| US3704156A (en) * | 1970-07-13 | 1972-11-28 | Du Pont | Catalyst solution for electroless plating on nonconductors |
| US3666527A (en) * | 1970-07-31 | 1972-05-30 | Rca Corp | Method of electroless deposition of metals with improved sensitizer |
| US3767583A (en) * | 1971-08-13 | 1973-10-23 | Enthone | Activator solutions their preparation and use in electroless plating of surfaces |
| US3841881A (en) * | 1972-09-13 | 1974-10-15 | Rca Corp | Method for electroless deposition of metal using improved colloidal catalyzing solution |
| US4002778A (en) * | 1973-08-15 | 1977-01-11 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Chemical plating process |
| BE818613A (fr) * | 1973-08-15 | 1975-02-10 | Procede chimique de nickelage et de cobaltage | |
| US4232060A (en) * | 1979-01-22 | 1980-11-04 | Richardson Chemical Company | Method of preparing substrate surface for electroless plating and products produced thereby |
| US4632857A (en) * | 1974-05-24 | 1986-12-30 | Richardson Chemical Company | Electrolessly plated product having a polymetallic catalytic film underlayer |
| US4131692A (en) * | 1974-07-11 | 1978-12-26 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method for making ceramic electric resistor |
| US4061588A (en) * | 1975-09-30 | 1977-12-06 | Shipley Company Inc. | Catalyst composition and method of preparation |
| US4048354A (en) * | 1975-10-23 | 1977-09-13 | Nathan Feldstein | Method of preparation and use of novel electroless plating catalysts |
| JPS556822A (en) * | 1978-06-30 | 1980-01-18 | Oki Electric Ind Co Ltd | Method of manufacturing ceramic multiilayer wiring board |
| JPS5524446A (en) * | 1978-08-09 | 1980-02-21 | Ngk Insulators Ltd | Ceramic circuit board |
| US4206254A (en) * | 1979-02-28 | 1980-06-03 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method of selectively depositing metal on a ceramic substrate with a metallurgy pattern |
| US4217183A (en) * | 1979-05-08 | 1980-08-12 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method for locally enhancing electroplating rates |
| DE2920940A1 (de) * | 1979-05-21 | 1980-12-04 | Schering Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung von gedruckten schaltungen |
| US4278707A (en) * | 1980-05-19 | 1981-07-14 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Method for coating the edge of a printed circuit board to improve its moisture resistance |
| US4340618A (en) * | 1981-03-20 | 1982-07-20 | International Business Machines Corporation | Process for forming refractory metal layers on ceramic substrate |
| US4407860A (en) * | 1981-06-30 | 1983-10-04 | International Business Machines Corporation | Process for producing an improved quality electrolessly deposited nickel layer |
| US4503131A (en) * | 1982-01-18 | 1985-03-05 | Richardson Chemical Company | Electrical contact materials |
| US4442137A (en) * | 1982-03-18 | 1984-04-10 | International Business Machines Corporation | Maskless coating of metallurgical features of a dielectric substrate |
| DE3380413D1 (en) * | 1982-04-27 | 1989-09-21 | Richardson Chemical Co | Process for selectively depositing a nickel-boron coating over a metallurgy pattern on a dielectric substrate and products produced thereby |
-
1983
- 1983-04-20 DE DE8383302244T patent/DE3380413D1/de not_active Expired
- 1983-04-20 EP EP83302244A patent/EP0092971B1/en not_active Expired
- 1983-04-21 CA CA000426397A patent/CA1207464A/en not_active Expired
- 1983-04-26 JP JP58073654A patent/JPS58202595A/ja active Granted
-
1993
- 1993-08-18 US US08/109,010 patent/US5403650A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1995
- 1995-03-30 US US08/413,496 patent/US5565235A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0092971A1 (en) | 1983-11-02 |
| JPS58202595A (ja) | 1983-11-25 |
| CA1207464A (en) | 1986-07-08 |
| DE3380413D1 (en) | 1989-09-21 |
| EP0092971B1 (en) | 1989-08-16 |
| US5565235A (en) | 1996-10-15 |
| US5403650A (en) | 1995-04-04 |
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