JPH02217469A - 薄膜の形成方法 - Google Patents

薄膜の形成方法

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Publication number
JPH02217469A
JPH02217469A JP3612589A JP3612589A JPH02217469A JP H02217469 A JPH02217469 A JP H02217469A JP 3612589 A JP3612589 A JP 3612589A JP 3612589 A JP3612589 A JP 3612589A JP H02217469 A JPH02217469 A JP H02217469A
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thin film
forming
catalyst
compound
reaction vessel
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JPH0645893B2 (ja
Inventor
Hidekazu Okudaira
奥平 秀和
Shigeru Nishimatsu
西松 茂
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Hitachi Ltd
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Hitachi Ltd
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Abstract

(57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるた
め要約のデータは記録されません。

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 〔産業上の利用分野〕 本発明は、化学的気相成長法によるJ膜の形成方法に関
する。
〔従来の技術〕
化学的気相成長(CVD)法は、原料ガスと基板表面か
らなる系に対して何らかの形でエネルギーを供給するこ
とで化学反応を進行させ、基板上に膜を形成する技術で
あり、各種半導体装置の製造プロセスにおいて、半導体
膜、絶縁膜、金属膜の形成に利用されている。半導体装
置の形造プロセスに多く用いられている減圧CVD法で
は、反応律速の温度範囲を用いるのが一般的であり、量
産性に優れており、大口径のウェーハに均一性良く膜を
形成することができる。
減圧CVD法で表面反応が律速となるような場合には基
板の種類による選択性が表れることがある。その代表的
な例が高融点金属材料であるWをWF、とH2を原料ガ
スに用いて形成する場合であり、「ジャーナル オブ 
エレクトロケミカルソサイアティ ヴオリューム 13
1.ナンバー6 (1984)、第1427頁から第1
433頁(J ournal of Electroc
hemical Soc、 131(6)、1427 
(1984))Jにおいて詳しく論じられている。この
系ではH原子によるWF、の還元反応を起こす必要があ
るが、H2分子の解離がSiや金属の表面でしか起こら
ないため、それらの上にのみ選択的に膜形成が生じる。
この現象は半導体装置のコンタクトやスルーホールにの
みWを埋め込む技術として期待されている。
しかし、この方法ではW膜を配線材料としてS i O
、やSi3N4といった#@縁膜上に形成することが困
難であるという欠点がある。温度を700℃以上にすれ
ば気相中で還元反応が起こりSin。
上にWが降り積もって膜が形成されるが、極めて基板と
の接着性が低く、膜内体のストレスで簡単に剥がれてし
まう。
5in2上にW膜をCVD法で形成する一手段としてレ
ーザCVD法があり、「第20回置体素子材料コンファ
レンス予稿集第89頁から第92頁」において報告され
ている。この方法によれば、気相中でエキシマレーザ光
を吸収したWF、と11□が反応してW原子が生成され
、Si基板上と同程度の400℃前後の低い基板温度で
SiO2上にストレスの小さいW膜を形成できる。
また、SiO□表面にSiをイオン打ち込みした後、表
面をエツチングしてSiを表面に露出させそのSiによ
りWF、を還元することで5102上にW膜を形成可能
なことが、[ジャーナル オブエレクトロケミカル ソ
サイアティ ヴオリューム 135.ナンバー7 (1
988)。
第1730頁から第1734頁(J ournal o
fElectrochemical Soc、  13
5 (7L l 730(1988))Jで報告されて
いる。
〔発明が解決しようとする課題〕
レーザCVD法では、気相反応を利用しているため形成
されたW膜とS LO,の接着性は低く、高温でのアニ
ールを行わなくては接着性は改善されないという問題点
が残っている。
Siのイオン打ち込みを利用した方法では10”/c+
a”程度のドーズ量を加速電圧25 keVで打ち込む
必要があり、スループットの向上が難しい。また、−旦
打ち込んだSiをS io、表面に露出させるためのエ
ツチングが必要で、工程数が増加する。本発明の目的は
、上記のような問題を解決し、Sio、上にW膜を形成
する実用的な方法を提供することにある。
〔課題を解決するための手段〕
本発明では上記の課題を、触媒反応を利用して解決した
。触媒物質あるいはその化合物を反応容器内に気体、液
体あるいは固体の形態で導入することができる。また膜
形成前、あるいは膜形成中に基板表面に中性ビーム、あ
るいはイオンビームの形態で照射しても良い、場合によ
っては、触媒あるいはその化合物の中性ビーム、あるい
はイオンビームを膜形成中に基板表面に直接照射されな
いように雰囲気中に照射しても良い。ここでは以下、W
膜をSin、上に形成するために82分子の解離触媒で
あるTiを用いた場合について詳細に説明する。
減圧CVD法でW膜を形成する際の原料ガスはWF、と
H2であり、W原子を生成するためにH原子でWF、を
還元する必要がある。しかし、82分子が低温で解離す
るためには金属表面が必要である。Si上のW膜形成の
場合、最初にWFGのSiによる還元反応で薄いW膜が
形成されるので、引き続いて起こるW上でのH2の解離
吸着によって生成した水素原子によってWF、が還元さ
れ厚いW膜がSi上に形成される。このような反応はS
io、上では起こらないために、Si上にのみ選択的に
W膜が形成されることになる。
本発明ではH8分子を解離する触媒を用いてH原子を生
成することで、Sio2上にW膜を形成する。多くの遷
移金属は82分子の解離触媒とじて働くが、その−例と
してTiを用いる1例えば薄いTi膜をSiO□上に薄
く形成しておけば、82分子がTi表面に解離吸着し生
成されたHg子がWF、を還元するのでSio、上にも
W膜を形成することができる。−旦W膜が形成されれば
、W膜上でのH1分子の解離により厚いW膜が形成され
る。Tiは触媒として働き、82分子を解離する際に消
費されないので、Ti膜の厚さは極めて薄くてよく、例
えば一原子層程度(ドーズ量に換算して10°/cw″
程度)でも良い、このため。
Ti膜の形成手段としてTi、あるいはその化合物の中
性ビームあるいは低エネルギー(1keV以下)イオン
ビームのSin、表面への照射を用いることができる。
イオンビームを用いることの大きな利点は、マスクを通
して照射することでSio2上の一部にのみ触媒である
Ti膜を選択形成できる点である。
反応容器内の原料ガスの圧力や基板の温度を、表面反応
が優勢に生じる条件にしておけば、イオン照射を行った
部分にのみ選択的にW膜を形成できる。さらに、液体金
属イオン源を用いた収束イオンビームを利用すれば、サ
ブミクロンの配線パターンを本発明の方法で形成するこ
とができる。
また、Tiの薄膜を形成する手法として、真空蒸着ある
いはスパッタリング法を用いることもできる。
WF、とH2を原料ガスに用い、Tiの触媒作用を利用
してSin、上にW膜を形成する際、膜形成の初期の段
階で基板に光を照射することが有効である。F系の原料
ガスを用いているので温度や圧力といったCVDの条件
によっては、膜形成よりもエツチングの方が優勢に起っ
てしまうことがある。そのような場合、気相中あるいは
基板表面に吸着した原料ガス分子に吸収される波長の光
を照射することで、膜形成反応を優勢に起こすことがで
きる。
以上の説明はWF、とH3を原料ガスに用いたCVD法
において、Tiを用いればSin、にW膜を形成できる
というものであった。一般的に、低温における半導体や
絶縁膜の形成速度を向上させるだめにいろいろな触媒を
利用することも考えられる。
〔作用〕 NA媒は化学反応の経路を替え活性化エネルギーを低下
させることができる。その結果、従来のCVD法では形
成できなかった基板と膜の組合せを実現できるほか、種
々の半導体や絶縁膜の低温における形成速度を向上させ
ることができる。
〔実施例〕
本発明の実施例に用いた装置の概略を第1図に示す、全
体は、反応容器8.光源5.イオン源12の三つの部分
から構成されている。
〈実施例1〉 本実施例は、SiO□膜上にH2の解離吸着触媒である
Tiの薄い層をイオンビーム照射を用いて形成し、その
上で形成されたH原子によりWF。
を還元することによりW膜をSin、上に形成させるも
のである。
まず表面に厚さ1100nのSin、膜を熱酸化によっ
て形成したSiの基板1oを反応容器8内の試料台を兼
ねたヒータ9上に設置して10−Paまで高真空排気系
14により排気した後、イオン源12との間のゲートバ
ルブ11を開き、Tiイオンビームを照射して基板1 
、OのSin2表面全体に一原子層程度のTi膜を形成
した。この際、Tiイオンビームの原料ガスには原料ガ
ス供給系13からのTiCΩ、を用い、加速電圧は1k
aV以下とした。低い加速電圧を用いることにより、T
iがS io2内に打ち込まれないようにした。
次に、ゲートバルブ11を閉じて反応容器8側の排気系
を低真空排気系15に切り替えた後、W膜形成用の原料
ガスWF、とH2を原料ガス供給系1より反応容器8内
に導入してSin、表面にW膜を形成した。この時の基
板温度は300℃。
WF、とH3の流量比は1 : 100で全圧は0.2
T orrとした。
本実施例におけるTiの役割は〔課題を解決するための
手段〕の項で説明したとおりである。形成されたW膜を
オージェ電子分光分析法と二次イオン質量分析法で評価
した結果、単位面積あたりに換算して約101s個/c
ta”のTiが検出された。
これは、一原子層に大体対応しており、Tiが膜形成中
に失われておらず、触媒として働いたことが確認された
本実施例で明らかになったように、H2分子の解離触媒
であるTiを用いることにより気相反応が生じないよう
な低温でW膜をS io、上に形成することができた6
本方法で形成した膜は基板との接着性が良好で、厚さ5
μmのW膜を形成しても剥離することがなかった。
またイオン照射の後基板8を光源5の方向に回転させて
おいて、CVD中に光源5より波長193nmのArF
エキシマレーザ光6を4光学系4によりそのビーム径を
拡大して、このビーム径を拡大されたレーザ光7を基板
10の表面に垂直に照射したところ、W膜の形成速度を
一桁程度速くすることができた。尚、レーザ光照射中は
パージガス供給系2よりArガスを光導入用窓3の近傍
に導入して、窓内面に反応生成物が付着することを防い
だ。
尚1本実施例においてイオン照射に代えて真空蒸着、あ
るいはスパッタリング法を用いてTiの薄膜を形成して
も同様のW膜形成が可能である。
〈実施例2〉 本実施例は、TiにかえてNiを触媒物質に用いたもの
であり、N 1 (CO) 4をイオン源12の原料ガ
スに用いる。
まず実施例1と同様・、°NiイオンをSin、表面に
照射した。次に、光源5より波長193nmのエキシマ
レーザ光6を光学系4によりシート状ビーム(ビーム断
面が一辺が長く他辺が短い矩形状のビーム)7に整形し
た後基板面の前方約1cmを基板面と平行に通過するよ
うに照射しなからCVDを行うことで、Sin、上にW
膜を形成でき、本発明においてもNiとTiと同様の作
用を示すことが確認された。尚、CVDの条件は実施例
1と同様である。
以上の実施例ではTiとNiを触媒物質に選んだが、こ
の他、Fe、Co、白金族(Ru、R)1゜P d +
 Os g I r p P t )とイッた遷移金属
が同様の効果を呈するものとして挙げることができる。
〈実施例3〉 本実施例では、イオンビーム照射をマスクを通して行う
ことでSin、表面の一部にのみTiの薄い膜を形成し
て、その部分にのみW膜を形成するものである。
まず、反応容器8内に設置された実施例1と同様の基板
1oの前に、第2図に示したようにマスク16を置いて
おいて、Tiのイオン照射を行った1次に基板10を光
源5の方向に回転させ波長193nmのエキシマレーザ
光を光学系4により拡大して基板10の表面に垂直に照
射しながら。
原料ガス供給系1よりWF、とH2を反応容器8内に導
入してW膜形成を1分間行った。この時の基板温度は3
00℃、WF、とH2とArの流量比は1 : 100
 : 100で全圧はQ、2Torrとした。
この条件はWのCVDが表面反応で生じる条件である。
レーザ光の照射を停止した後基板温度を400℃にあげ
、マスクパターンのとおりイオン照射部分17にのみ選
択的にW膜が形成された。
尚、エキシマレーザ光の照射の時間を長くするとイオン
照射の行われなかった部分にもW膜が形成されることが
あった。しかし、エキシマレーザ光の波長を248nm
 (KrFエキシマレーザ)とすればイオン照射の行わ
れなかった部分へのW膜の形成は殆ど認められなかった
。これは248nmの波長の光がTiのイオン照射部分
17に吸着したWF、にのみ吸収された効果と考えられ
る。
また、本実施例ではマスクを用いてSio、表面に部分
的にTiイオンビームを照射したが、収束イオンビーム
を用いればサブミクロンのW配線パターンをマスクを用
いることなく容易に形成できる。
〈実施例4〉 本実施例は、H2分子の解離触媒であるTiを固体の形
態で反応容器内に設置したものである。
用いた装置の概略は第1図と同じであるが、イオン源は
利用しない。
第3図に示すように、Tiメツシュ18を実施例1と同
様の基板10の上方約0.5cn+の所に設置しておい
て、WF、をH2を反応容器8内に導入した。この時の
基板温度は450℃、WF、とH2とArの流量比は1
0 : 100 : 1001?全圧は20 Torr
としたにの圧力の条件では、Tiメツシュ18上で生成
されたH[子が気相中でWF、を還元できるので、基板
10のSin、上にW膜を形成することができる。
本実施例は実施例1よりも簡便である。気相反応を用い
ているので基板との接着性は多少劣るが、従来の減圧C
VD法に比べ低温で膜形成が可能である。
〈実施例5〉 本実施例は、反応容器内の真空度が10−”Paと比較
的低くてもTiによるH2の解離触媒を利用したCVD
を可能にしたものである。
まず、実施例3と同様にTiイオンビームをマスク照射
して、一原子層程度の厚さのTi膜のパターンを形成し
た。但し、10−’Paと低い真空度でイオン照射を行
ったため、残留している水分やO3によりTi膜が酸化
されてしまい、このままではTi膜がH2の解離吸着触
媒として働かなかった。
そこで、H2とArを反応容器8内に0.4Torrま
で導入して基板の温度を200’Cに保った状態で、波
長193nmのエキシマレーザ光を光学系4により拡大
して基板]20の表面に30秒間照射した。その後、W
F、を反応容器8内に追加して1分間レーザCVDを行
った。続いて、基板温度を4.50 ’Cに、全体の圧
力を1.6Torrにあげて熱CVDを5分間行ったと
ころ、イオン照射パターンどおりのW膜が形成できた。
本実施例では、H2雰囲気中で加熱・レーザ照射を行う
ことで酸化されていたTiの表面が還元され、H2解離
触媒として働くようになったものと考えられる。
〔発明の効果〕
本発明によれば、WF、とH2を用いたCVD法により
S io、上に接着性良くW膜を形成できる効果がある
【図面の簡単な説明】
第1図は、本発明の実施例に用いた装置の概略を示した
図である。 第2図は、実施例3において基板上にマスクを設置した
様子を示した図である。 第3図は、実施例4において基板上にTiメツシュを設
置した様子を示した図である。 1・・・原料ガス供給系、2・・・パージガス供給系、
3・・・光導入用窓、4・・・光学系、5・・・光源、
6・・・レーザ光、7・・・拡大されたレーザ光、8・
・・反応容器、9・・・ヒータ、10・・・基板、11
・・・ゲートバルブ、12・・・イオン源、13・・・
イオン源用原料ガス供給系、14・・・高真空用排気系
、15・・・低真空用排気系、16・・マスク、17・
・・イオン照射部分、18・・・Tiメツシュ。 第1図

Claims (1)

  1. 【特許請求の範囲】 1、化学的気相成長法により薄膜を形成する方法におい
    て、触媒を用いることを特徴とする薄膜の形成方法。 2、触媒、あるいはその化合物を気体の形態で反応容器
    内に導入することを特徴とする特許請求の範囲第1項記
    載の薄膜の形成方法。 3、触媒、あるいはその化合物を液体の形態で反応容器
    内に導入、あるいは設置することを特徴とする特許請求
    の範囲第1項記載の薄膜の形成方法。 4、触媒、あるいはその化合物を固体の形態で反応容器
    内に導入、あるいは設置することを特徴とする特許請求
    の範囲第1項記載の薄膜の形成方法。 5、化学的気相成長法による膜形成の前に、触媒、ある
    いはその化合物の薄膜を、真空蒸着あるいはスパッタリ
    ング法により、基板上に形成しておくことを特徴とする
    特許請求の範囲第1項記載の薄膜の形成方法。 6、触媒、あるいはその化合物を膜形成前、あるいは膜
    形成中に基板表面に中性ビーム、あるいはイオンビーム
    の形態で基板表面に照射することを特徴とする特許請求
    の範囲第1項記載の薄膜の形成方法。 7、触媒、あるいはその化合物の中性ビーム、あるいは
    イオンビームを膜形成中に基板表面に直接当たらないよ
    うに雰囲気中にのみ照射することを特徴とする特許請求
    の範囲第1項記載の薄膜の形成方法。 8、触媒、あるいはその化合物の中性ビーム、あるいは
    イオンビームが照射された基板表面に対して、光を照射
    しながら化学的気相成長法により薄膜を形成することを
    特徴とする特許請求の範囲第6項記載の薄膜の形成方法
    。 9、触媒、あるいはその化合物の中性ビーム、あるいは
    イオンビームが照射された基板表面に対して、光を照射
    しながら化学的気相成長法により薄膜を形成した後、さ
    らに同一条件、あるいは異なる条件で化学的気相成長法
    により薄膜を形成することを特徴とする特許請求の範囲
    第6項記載の薄膜の形成方法。 10、触媒、あるいはその化合物の中性ビーム、あるい
    はイオンビームが照射された基板表面に対して照射する
    光が化学的気相成長に用いる原料ガスに吸収される波長
    の光であることを特徴とする特許請求の範囲第8項また
    は第9項記載の薄膜の形成方法。 11、触媒、あるいはその化合物の中性ビーム、あるい
    はイオンビームが照射された基板表面に対して照射する
    光が基板上に吸着した化学的気相成長に用いる原料ガス
    にのみ選択的に吸収される波長の光であることを特徴と
    する特許請求の範囲第8項または第9項記載の薄膜の形
    成方法。 12、触媒、あるいはその化合物の中性ビーム、あるい
    はイオンビームが照射された基板表面に直接当たらない
    ように光を照射しながら化学的気相成長法により薄膜を
    形成することを特徴とする特許請求の範囲第6項記載の
    薄膜の形成方法。 13、触媒、あるいはその化合物の中性ビーム、あるい
    はイオンビームが照射された基板表面に直接当たらない
    ように光を照射しながら化学的気相成長法により薄膜を
    形成した後、さらに同一条件、あるいは異なる条件で化
    学的気相成長法により薄膜を形成することを特徴とする
    特許請求の範囲第6項記載の薄膜の形成方法。 14、触媒、あるいはその化合物の中性ビーム、あるい
    はイオンビームが照射された基板表面に直接当たらない
    ように照射する光が化学的気相成長法に用いる原料ガス
    に吸収される波長の光であることを特徴とする特許請求
    の範囲第12項または第13項記載の薄膜の形成方法。 15、触媒、あるいはその化合物の中性ビーム、あるい
    はイオンビームの照射を、マスクを通して行い、該照射
    部にのみ選択的に膜形成を行うことを特徴とする特許請
    求の範囲第6項、第8項、第9項、第10項、第11項
    、第12項、第13項、第14項のいずれかに記載の薄
    膜の形成方法。 16、触媒、あるいはその化合物のイオンビームの照射
    を、収束イオンビームを用いて行い、該照射部にのみ選
    択的に膜形成を行うことを特徴とする特許請求の範囲第
    6項、第8項、第9項、第10項、第11項、第12項
    、第13項、第14項のいずれかに記載の薄膜の形成方
    法。 17、触媒とする物質が遷移金属であることを特徴とす
    る特許請求の範囲第1項記載の薄膜の形成方法。 18、触媒とする物質がTiであることを特徴とする特
    許請求の範囲第1項記載の薄膜の形成方法。 19、用いる光が波長193nmのArFエキシマレー
    ザ光であることを特徴とする特許請求の範囲第8項、第
    9項、第10項、第12項、第13項、第14項のいず
    れかに記載の薄膜の形成方法。 20、用いる光が波長248nmのKrFエキシマレー
    ザ光であることを特徴とする特許請求の範囲第11項記
    載の薄膜の形成方法。 21、化学的気相成長法で形成する薄膜がWであること
    を特徴とする特許請求の範囲第1項〜第20項のいずれ
    かに記載の薄膜の形成方法。 22、反応容器と反応容器内を排気する排気系からなる
    化学的気相成長装置において、触媒、あるいはその化合
    物を気体の形態で反応容器内に導入する手段を設けたこ
    とを特徴とする薄膜の形成装置。 23、反応容器と反応容器内を排気する排気系からなる
    化学的気相成長装置において、触媒、あるいはその化合
    物を液体の形態で反応容器内に導入する手段を設けたこ
    とを特徴とする薄膜の形成装置。 24、反応容器と反応容器内を排気する排気系からなる
    化学的気相成長装置において、触媒、あるいはその化合
    物を固体の形態で反応容器内に導入する手段を設けたこ
    とを特徴とする薄膜の形成装置。 25、反応容器と反応容器内を排気する排気系からなる
    化学的気相成長装置において、触媒、あるいはその化合
    物の中性ビーム、あるいはイオンビームを照射する手段
    を設けたことを特徴とする薄膜の形成装置。 26、反応容器内に光を照射する手段を設けたことを特
    徴とする特許請求範囲第22〜第25項のいずれかに記
    載の薄膜の形成装置。 27、基板表面の触媒物質、あるいはその化合物、ある
    いはそれらと反応容器内の残留成分と反応して形成され
    た化合物を還元する工程を含むことを特徴とする特許請
    求の範囲第5項、第6項、第8項、第9項、第10項、
    第11項、第12項、第13項、第14項、第15項、
    第16項のいずれかに記載の薄膜の形成方法。 28、上記の還元する工程が水素を含む雰囲気中で基板
    を加熱することであることを特徴とする特許請求の範囲
    第27項に記載の薄膜の形成方法。 29、上記の還元する工程が水素を含む雰囲気中で光を
    照射しながら基板を加熱することであることを特徴とす
    る特許請求の範囲第27項に記載の薄膜の形成方法。 30、上記の照射する光として、基板表面の触媒物質、
    あるいはその化合物、あるいはそれらと反応容器内の残
    留成分と反応して形成された化合物に吸収される波長の
    光を用いることを特徴とする特許請求の範囲第29項に
    記載の薄膜の形成方法。
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