JP7541979B2 - 負極活物質、その製造方法、及びそれを含むリチウム二次電池 - Google Patents
負極活物質、その製造方法、及びそれを含むリチウム二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7541979B2 JP7541979B2 JP2021529867A JP2021529867A JP7541979B2 JP 7541979 B2 JP7541979 B2 JP 7541979B2 JP 2021529867 A JP2021529867 A JP 2021529867A JP 2021529867 A JP2021529867 A JP 2021529867A JP 7541979 B2 JP7541979 B2 JP 7541979B2
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Description
内部孔隙率=単位質量当たり気孔体積/(非体積+単位質量当たり気孔体積)
リチウム二次電池で通常に使用されるレベルである。リチウム二次電池の用途及び構成により、前記導電剤、バインダ、及び溶媒の1つ以上が省略されてもよい。
一実施形態において、リチウム塩含有の非水電解質は、非水電解液とリチウムから形成されている。非水電解質として、非水電解液、有機固体電解質、又は、無機固体電解質などが使用されてもよい。
一実施形態において、前記有機固体電解質として、例えば、ポリエチレン誘導体、ポリエチレン酸化物誘導体、ポリプロピレン酸化物誘導体、リン酸エステルポリマー、ポリアジテイションリシン(agitation lysine)、ポリエステルスルフィド、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリフッ化ビニリデン、又は、イオン性解離基を含む重合体などが使用されてもよい。
グラファイト(東海カーボン、BTRなど)は機械的な粉砕過程を経た後、Siナノ粒子と7:3の比率で混合した。ホソカワミクロン(NOB、Mechano Fusion)のミキサを用いて2000rpm~6000rpmで30分~480分間混合してD50基準約10μmの負極活物質を製造し、ソフトカーボン(Soft carbon)を用いて外部コーティング層を形成した。
実施形態1において、粒子サイズを20μmにしたことを除外し、実施形態1と同一に負極活物質を製造した。
実施形態1及び2に係る負極活物質に対してSEM分析を実施した。SEM分析は、JEOL社のJSM-7600Fを利用した。前記負極活物質の粒子形状及びこの断面を分析した。
図6は、本発明の実施形態1による負極活物質の粒子位置に応じるEDX結果である。図6を参照すると、実施形態1による負極活物質をEDXで測定した結果、point1でSi質量%は51.52、C質量%は48.48に示し、point2でSi質量%は51.27、C質量%は48.73に示し、point3でSi質量%は51.84、C質量%は48.16に示していることが確認できる。これは、負極活物質の外部から内部までグラファイト及びシリコン粒子が均一に分布していることが確認される。
110:炭素材料
120:シリコン粒子
200:リチウム二次電池
210:負極
220:セパレーター
230:正極
Claims (14)
- 炭素材料及びシリコン粒子を含み、
バルク粒子内に、前記炭素材料が前記シリコン粒子を取り囲む形態で分布している負極活物質であって、
前記負極活物質の孔隙率は1%~7%であり、
前記シリコン粒子の平均直径は50nm~120nmである、
負極活物質。 - 前記炭素材料は、天然黒鉛、人造黒鉛、ソフトカーボン、ハードカーボン、カーボンブラック、アセチレンブラック、ケッチェンブラック、炭素繊維、カーボンナノチューブ、グラフェン及び膨張黒鉛からなる群より選択される少なくともいずれか1つを含む、請求項1に記載の負極活物質。
- 前記シリコン粒子:前記炭素材料の質量比は、2:8~4:6である、請求項1に記載の負極活物質。
- 前記炭素材料:前記シリコン粒子の質量比は、45~55:55~45である、請求項1に記載の負極活物質。
- 前記負極活物質のうちシリコン粒子は55質量%以下である、請求項1に記載の負極活物質。
- 前記負極活物質の半径は12μm以下であり、
前記シリコン粒子は、45質量%~55質量%である、請求項1に記載の負極活物質。 - 前記負極活物質の半径は12μm~18μmであり、
前記負極活物質の表面から、中心方向に半径の70%の地点まで前記シリコン粒子は、該当区間の前記負極活物質対比45質量%~55質量%含まれ、
前記負極活物質の中心方向に半径の30%の地点から前記負極活物質の中心まで前記シリコン粒子は、該当区間の前記負極活物質対比10質量%~45質量%含まれる、請求項1に記載の負極活物質。 - 前記負極活物質の半径は18μm~22μmであり、
前記負極活物質の表面から、中心方向に半径の50%の地点まで前記シリコン粒子は、該当区間の前記負極活物質対比45質量%~55質量%であり、
前記負極活物質の中心方向に半径の50%の地点から前記負極活物質の中心まで前記シリコン粒子は、該当区間の前記負極活物質対比45質量%未満である、請求項1に記載の負極活物質。 - 前記負極活物質のうち孔隙は、前記炭素材料と前記シリコンとの間の空間である、請求項1に記載の負極活物質。
- 前記負極活物質の外部に外部コーティング層をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の負極活物質。
- バルク粒子内に、炭素材料が、平均直径が50nm~120nmであるシリコン粒子を取り囲む形態で分布しており、孔隙率が1%~7%である負極活物質の製造方法であって、
炭素材料及びシリコン粒子を混合して混合粉末を製造するステップと、
前記混合粉末を粉砕して前記炭素材料及び前記シリコン粒子をナノ化するためのミーリング工程において機械的にミキシングして、前記炭素材料及び前記シリコン粒子が内部まで等しく分布した状態として存在するようにするステップと、
を含む、負極活物質の製造方法。 - 前記ミーリング工程のミーリング速度は2000rpm~6000rpmであり、
前記ミーリング工程は30分~480分の間に実行される、請求項11に記載の負極活物質の製造方法。 - 請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載の負極活物質を含む、負極。
- 請求項13に記載の負極と、
正極活物を含む正極と、
前記負極と前記正極との間に介在されるセパレーターと、
を含む、リチウム二次電池。
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