JP7460590B2 - 高エネルギーカソード材料用の酸化物 - Google Patents
高エネルギーカソード材料用の酸化物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7460590B2 JP7460590B2 JP2021161975A JP2021161975A JP7460590B2 JP 7460590 B2 JP7460590 B2 JP 7460590B2 JP 2021161975 A JP2021161975 A JP 2021161975A JP 2021161975 A JP2021161975 A JP 2021161975A JP 7460590 B2 JP7460590 B2 JP 7460590B2
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- Prior art keywords
- rock salt
- lithium
- disordered rock
- battery
- present
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- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 title description 6
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 78
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 75
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 69
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical group [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- -1 and M Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical group [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 81
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 39
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 37
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 21
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 18
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 14
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 13
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000002848 electrochemical method Methods 0.000 description 12
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000007833 carbon precursor Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZKATWMILCYLAPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium pentoxide Chemical compound O=[Nb](=O)O[Nb](=O)=O ZKATWMILCYLAPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000010534 mechanism of action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 3
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002079 double walled nanotube Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910021450 lithium metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GEYXPJBPASPPLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Mn]O[Mn]=O GEYXPJBPASPPLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002109 single walled nanotube Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052713 technetium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910012599 Li3NbO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910016118 LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019787 NbF5 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021475 bohrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021479 dubnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021473 hassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010450 olivine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052609 olivine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AOLPZAHRYHXPLR-UHFFFAOYSA-I pentafluoroniobium Chemical compound F[Nb](F)(F)(F)F AOLPZAHRYHXPLR-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006578 reductive coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021481 rutherfordium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YGPLJIIQQIDVFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N rutherfordium atom Chemical compound [Rf] YGPLJIIQQIDVFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021477 seaborgium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N selanylidenegallium;selenium Chemical compound [Se].[Se]=[Ga].[Se]=[Ga] VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003746 solid phase reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010671 solid-state reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- GKLVYJBZJHMRIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N technetium atom Chemical compound [Tc] GKLVYJBZJHMRIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellanylidenegermanium Chemical compound [Te]=[Ge] JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001428 transition metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G45/00—Compounds of manganese
- C01G45/12—Manganates manganites or permanganates
- C01G45/1221—Manganates or manganites with a manganese oxidation state of Mn(III), Mn(IV) or mixtures thereof
- C01G45/1228—Manganates or manganites with a manganese oxidation state of Mn(III), Mn(IV) or mixtures thereof of the type [MnO2]n-, e.g. LiMnO2, Li[MxMn1-x]O2
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R3/00—Circuits for transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
- H04R3/12—Circuits for transducers, loudspeakers or microphones for distributing signals to two or more loudspeakers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/02—Details
- H04L12/16—Arrangements for providing special services to substations
- H04L12/18—Arrangements for providing special services to substations for broadcast or conference, e.g. multicast
- H04L12/189—Arrangements for providing special services to substations for broadcast or conference, e.g. multicast in combination with wireless systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
- H04N21/43—Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
- H04N21/4302—Content synchronisation processes, e.g. decoder synchronisation
- H04N21/4307—Synchronising the rendering of multiple content streams or additional data on devices, e.g. synchronisation of audio on a mobile phone with the video output on the TV screen
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
- H04N21/43—Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
- H04N21/436—Interfacing a local distribution network, e.g. communicating with another STB or one or more peripheral devices inside the home
- H04N21/4363—Adapting the video stream to a specific local network, e.g. a Bluetooth® network
- H04N21/43637—Adapting the video stream to a specific local network, e.g. a Bluetooth® network involving a wireless protocol, e.g. Bluetooth, RF or wireless LAN [IEEE 802.11]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R5/00—Stereophonic arrangements
- H04R5/04—Circuit arrangements, e.g. for selective connection of amplifier inputs/outputs to loudspeakers, for loudspeaker detection, or for adaptation of settings to personal preferences or hearing impairments
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04S—STEREOPHONIC SYSTEMS
- H04S7/00—Indicating arrangements; Control arrangements, e.g. balance control
- H04S7/30—Control circuits for electronic adaptation of the sound field
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
- H04W4/80—Services using short range communication, e.g. near-field communication [NFC], radio-frequency identification [RFID] or low energy communication
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/50—Solid solutions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/50—Solid solutions
- C01P2002/52—Solid solutions containing elements as dopants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/70—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
- C01P2002/72—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data by d-values or two theta-values, e.g. as X-ray diagram
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
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Description
により表される化合物は、リチウムイオン電池のカソードとして使用するための有望な部類の遷移金属酸化物であることが示された。式(1)の化合物は、リチウム及び遷移金属イオンのランダムな原子配列が立方最密充填系に充填されている不規則岩塩(disordered rock salt)であると考えられている。これらの不規則岩塩組成物は、従来のリチウム過剰層状材料よりも多い、化学式単位当たり最高3個までのリチウム原子を含む能力を提供し、これは。式(1)を変形して、LixMyNzOwと表すことができる。
によって表される。
不規則岩塩材料をミリングとアニーリングの2段階法により合成した。典型的には、化学量論量の前駆体(例えばMn2O3、Li2CO3、Nb2O5など)をミリングした。次に、粉砕した粉末をアルゴンガス流(約19L/分)下で、約900~約1000℃の間で、約6~約12時間アニールした。場合によっては、アニールを窒素ガス流又は空気流の下で行った。アニーリング工程に続いて、粉末を、再度、炭素前駆体(例えばアセチレンブラック、カーボンブラック、カーボンファイバー、グラファイト又はKJ600)と共に80:20の質量比(アニールされた粉末:炭素)でミリングした。
Nbを含まない不規則岩塩材料をミリングとアニーリングの2段階法により合成した。典型的には、化学量論量の前駆体(例えば、Mn2O3、Li2CO3、及び他の4d酸化物(Ta2O5、TiO2、MoO2、WO3))をミリングした。次に、粉砕した粉末をアルゴンガス流(約19L/分)下で、約900℃~約1000℃の間で、約6~約12時間アニールした。アニーリング工程に続いて、粉末を、再度、炭素前駆体(例えばアセチレンブラック、カーボンブラック、カーボンファイバー、グラファイト、グラフェン、カーボン単層又は二層ナノチューブ、又はKJ600)と共に80:20の質量比(アニールされた粉末:炭素)でミリングした。
酸素サイトにフッ素をドーピング(置換)した不規則岩塩材料を、ミリングとアニーリングの2段階法で合成した。典型的には、化学量論量の前駆体(例えばMn2O3、Li2CO3、Nb2O5、NbF5など(又は他のフッ化物前駆体))をミリングした。次に、ミリングした粉末をアルゴンガス流(約19L/分)下で、約900℃~約1000℃の間で、約6~約12時間アニールした。アニーリング工程に続いて、粉末を、再度、炭素前駆体(例えばアセチレンブラック、カーボンブラック、カーボンファイバー、グラファイト、グラフェン、カーボン単層又は二層ナノチューブ、又はKJ600)と共に80:20の質量比で粉砕した(アニールされた粉末:カーボン)。
電池セルを、高純度アルゴン充填グローブボックス(M-Braun、O2及び湿分含有量<0.1ppm)中で形成した。不規則岩塩粉末をポリ(フッ化ビニリデン)(Sigma Aldrich)及び1-メチル-2-ピロリジノン(Sigma Aldrich)と混合し、得られたスラリーをステンレス鋼集電体上に堆積させ、乾燥させることによって、複合カソードフィルムを形成した。アノードについては、薄いリチウム箔を必要なサイズに切断した。各電池セルは、複合カソードフィルム、ポリプロピレンセパレータ、及びリチウム箔アノードを含んでいた。エチレンカーボネート及びエチルメチルカーボネートと添加剤との混合物中にヘキサフルオロリン酸リチウムを含有する電解質を使用した。電池セルを密封し、55℃、場合によっては30℃で、1.5Vと4.8Vの間でサイクルを繰り返した。
図1Aは、本発明のいくつかの実施形態を含む電池の電気化学的キャラクタリゼーションを示し、ここで、リチウム含有量の増加の結果としてエネルギー密度の改善が示されている。図1Bは、化学量論的リチウム含有量が1.2から1.5に増加し、化学量論的マンガン含有量が0.6から0.5に減少した、本発明のいくつかの実施形態を含む電池の電圧トレースを示す。図1Cは、図1Bの本発明の実施形態についての電圧の関数として対応する微分容量を示す。
本発明に関連する発明の実施態様の一部を以下に示す。
[態様1]
電極を形成するための組成物であって、不規則岩塩結晶構造により特徴付けられ、かつ、化学式(i):
によって表される活物質を含む組成物。
[態様2]
x≧1.25である、態様1に記載の組成物。
[態様3]
x≧1.35である、態様1に記載の組成物。
[態様4]
x≧1.45である、態様1に記載の組成物。
[態様5]
x≧1.55である、態様1に記載の組成物。
[態様6]
x≧1.65である、態様1に記載の組成物。
[態様7]
x=1.75である、態様1に記載の組成物。
[態様8]
a=0、b=0、及び1≦z/y≦18である、態様1に記載の組成物。
[態様9]
z/y=2である、態様8に記載の組成物。
[態様10]
z/y=4である、態様8に記載の組成物。
[態様11]
z/y=14である、態様8に記載の組成物。
[態様12]
z/y=16.6である、態様8に記載の組成物。
[態様13]
a又はbの1つだけがゼロに等しい、態様1に記載の組成物。
[態様14]
y=0.5、a=0、z=0.8、0<b<0.8であり、Mがマンガンであり、PがFe、Cr、Al及びSbから選択される、態様13に記載の組成物。
[態様15]
y=0.2、0<a<0.2、z=0.57、b=0であり、NがV、Mo、Sb、Ta、Ti、Zr及びYから選択される、態様13に記載の組成物。
[態様16]
y-a=0である、態様1に記載の組成物。
[態様17]
0<c<0.8である、態様1に記載の組成物。
Claims (18)
- x≧1.35である、請求項1に記載の電池。
- x≧1.45である、請求項1に記載の電池。
- x≧1.55である、請求項1に記載の電池。
- x≧1.65である、請求項1に記載の電池。
- x=1.75である、請求項1に記載の電池。
- z/y=2である、請求項1に記載の電池。
- z/y=16.6である、請求項1に記載の電池。
- 4≦z/y≦18である、請求項1に記載の電池。
- 10≦z/y≦18である、請求項1に記載の電池。
- y=0.2、z=0.57であり、NがV、Mo、Sb、Ta、Ti、Zr及びYから選択される、請求項1に記載の電池。
- 0<c<0.8である、請求項1に記載の電池。
- 前記活物質の前記不規則岩塩結晶構造がFm-3m不規則岩塩結晶構造である、請求項1に記載の電池。
- Mがマンガンである、請求項1に記載の電池。
- 活物質を含む電極を含む電池であって、
前記活物質は、不規則岩塩結晶構造により特徴付けられ、かつ、化学式(i):
式中、1.20<x≦1.75、0<y<0.55、0.1<z<1、a=0、b=0、c=0であり、2≦z/y≦18であり、前記活物質は少なくともニオブを含み、Mは、Ti、Ta、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Cu、Zn、Al、Zr、Y、Mo、Ru、Rh及びSbのうちの1種又は2種以上である。)
によって表される、電池。 - x>1.25である、請求項16に記載の電池。
- x>1.3である、請求項17に記載の電池。
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JP2018181553A (ja) * | 2017-04-10 | 2018-11-15 | 株式会社豊田自動織機 | 正極活物質 |
US10978706B2 (en) * | 2017-09-19 | 2021-04-13 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Cation-disordered rocksalt lithium metal oxides and oxyfluorides and methods of making same |
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US20210257613A1 (en) * | 2018-03-15 | 2021-08-19 | Postech Academy-Industry Foundation | Positive electrode active material for lithium secondary battery and manufacturing method therefor |
CN111162273B (zh) * | 2018-09-25 | 2022-06-07 | 微宏动力系统(湖州)有限公司 | 正极活性材料及包括其的锂离子电化学系统 |
US11139476B2 (en) * | 2019-03-12 | 2021-10-05 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Active material, electrode, secondary battery, battery pack, and vehicle |
KR20210077072A (ko) * | 2019-12-16 | 2021-06-25 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 리튬 이차전지용 양극재 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 |
CN111211319B (zh) * | 2020-01-14 | 2021-07-09 | 北京理工大学 | 一种iv-vi-viii族富锂无序岩盐结构正极材料及其制备 |
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US12095083B2 (en) * | 2020-03-04 | 2024-09-17 | Uchicago Argonne, Llc | Cathode materials for secondary batteries |
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US20230369579A1 (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2023-11-16 | Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. | Positive electrode active material for secondary batteries, and secondary battery |
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CN113584591B (zh) * | 2021-09-30 | 2022-01-14 | 中南大学 | 阳离子无序盐岩结构的高熵单晶金属氧化物及其制备方法和应用 |
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JP2015040157A (ja) | 2013-08-23 | 2015-03-02 | 日本電気株式会社 | リチウム鉄マンガン系複合酸化物およびそれを用いたリチウムイオン二次電池 |
JP2016103456A (ja) | 2014-11-17 | 2016-06-02 | 株式会社Gsユアサ | 非水電解質蓄電素子用活物質 |
CN105742616A (zh) | 2016-02-29 | 2016-07-06 | 江苏大学 | 一种无序岩盐结构的锂离子电池正极材料及其制备方法 |
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KR102229991B1 (ko) | 2021-03-18 |
US20180034042A1 (en) | 2018-02-01 |
JP2022008800A (ja) | 2022-01-14 |
KR20190011815A (ko) | 2019-02-07 |
JP2024072878A (ja) | 2024-05-28 |
CN109417169A (zh) | 2019-03-01 |
DE112017003312T5 (de) | 2019-03-14 |
JP2019523532A (ja) | 2019-08-22 |
DE112017003312B4 (de) | 2022-11-10 |
CN109417169B (zh) | 2021-10-29 |
US10280092B2 (en) | 2019-05-07 |
WO2018022989A1 (en) | 2018-02-01 |
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