JP7425824B2 - 導電材料、接続構造体及び接続構造体の製造方法 - Google Patents
導電材料、接続構造体及び接続構造体の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7425824B2 JP7425824B2 JP2022083053A JP2022083053A JP7425824B2 JP 7425824 B2 JP7425824 B2 JP 7425824B2 JP 2022083053 A JP2022083053 A JP 2022083053A JP 2022083053 A JP2022083053 A JP 2022083053A JP 7425824 B2 JP7425824 B2 JP 7425824B2
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- electrode
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Images
Classifications
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- H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
- H01B1/22—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material the conductive material comprising metals or alloys
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
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- H01R11/01—Individual connecting elements providing two or more spaced connecting locations for conductive members which are, or may be, thereby interconnected, e.g. end pieces for wires or cables supported by the wire or cable and having means for facilitating electrical connection to some other wire, terminal, or conductive member, blocks of binding posts characterised by the form or arrangement of the conductive interconnection between the connecting locations
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Description
本発明に係る導電材料は、導電部の外表面部分にはんだを有する複数の導電性粒子と、硬化性化合物と、三フッ化ホウ素錯体とを含む。はんだは、導電部に含まれ、導電部の一部又は全部である。
上記導電性粒子は、接続対象部材の電極間を電気的に接続する。上記導電性粒子は、導電部の外表面部分にはんだを有する。上記導電性粒子は、はんだにより形成されたはんだ粒子であってもよい。上記はんだ粒子は、はんだを導電部の外表面部分に有する。上記はんだ粒子は、中心部分及び導電部の外表面部分とのいずれもがはんだにより形成されている。上記はんだ粒子は、中心部分及び導電性の外表面のいずれもがはんだである粒子である。上記導電性粒子は、基材粒子と、該基材粒子の表面上に配置された導電部とを有していてもよい。この場合に、上記導電性粒子は、導電部の外表面部分に、はんだを有する。
上記基材粒子としては、樹脂粒子、金属粒子を除く無機粒子、有機無機ハイブリッド粒子及び金属粒子等が挙げられる。上記基材粒子は、金属を除く基材粒子であることが好ましく、樹脂粒子、金属粒子を除く無機粒子又は有機無機ハイブリッド粒子であることが好ましい。上記基材粒子は、銅粒子であってもよい。上記基材粒子は、コアと、該コアの表面上に配置されたシェルとを有していてもよく、コアシェル粒子であってもよい。上記コアが有機コアであってもよく、上記シェルが無機シェルであってもよい。
上記基材粒子の表面上に導電部を形成する方法、並びに上記基材粒子の表面上又は上記第2の導電部の表面上にはんだ部を形成する方法は特に限定されない。上記導電部及び上記はんだ部を形成する方法としては、例えば、無電解めっきによる方法、電気めっきによる方法、物理的な衝突による方法、メカノケミカル反応による方法、物理的蒸着又は物理的吸着による方法、並びに金属粉末もしくは金属粉末とバインダーとを含むペーストを基材粒子の表面にコーティングする方法等が挙げられる。なかでも、無電解めっき、電気めっき又は物理的な衝突による方法が好適である。上記物理的蒸着による方法としては、真空蒸着、イオンプレーティング及びイオンスパッタリング等の方法が挙げられる。また、上記物理的な衝突による方法では、例えば、シーターコンポーザ(徳寿工作所社製)等が用いられる。
ρ:導電性粒子の粒子径の標準偏差
Dn:導電性粒子の粒子径の平均値
上記硬化性化合物としては、熱硬化性化合物及び光硬化性化合物等が挙げられる。上記硬化性化合物は、熱硬化性化合物であることが好ましい。上記熱硬化性化合物は、加熱により硬化可能な化合物である。上記熱硬化性化合物としては、オキセタン化合物、エポキシ化合物、エピスルフィド化合物、(メタ)アクリル化合物、フェノール化合物、アミノ化合物、不飽和ポリエステル化合物、ポリウレタン化合物、シリコーン化合物及びポリイミド化合物等が挙げられる。導電材料の硬化性及び粘度をより一層良好にし、導通信頼性をより一層高める観点から、上記硬化性化合物は、エポキシ化合物又はエピスルフィド化合物が好ましく、エポキシ化合物がより好ましい。上記導電材料は、エポキシ化合物を含むことが好ましい。上記熱硬化性化合物は、1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。
本発明に係る導電材料は、熱硬化剤を含まないことが好ましい。本発明に係る導電材料は、熱硬化性化合物と熱硬化剤とを含んでいてもよい。上記熱硬化剤は、上記熱硬化性化合物を熱硬化させる。上記熱硬化剤としては、イミダゾール硬化剤、アミン硬化剤、フェノール硬化剤、ポリチオール硬化剤等のチオール硬化剤、酸無水物硬化剤、熱カチオン開始剤(熱カチオン硬化剤)及び熱ラジカル発生剤等が挙げられる。上記熱硬化剤は、1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。本発明に係る導電材料が上記熱硬化剤を含む場合には、上記熱硬化性化合物100重量部に対して、上記熱硬化剤の含有量は、1重量部未満であることが好ましく、0.1重量部未満であることがより好ましく、0.05重量部未満であることがさらに好ましい。上記熱硬化性化合物100重量部に対して、上記熱硬化剤の含有量は、0重量部(未含有)であることが特に好ましい。上記熱硬化剤の含有量が、上記の好ましい含有量であると、導電材料が一定期間放置された場合でも、電極上に導電性粒子におけるはんだを効率的に配置することができ、さらに、加熱時に導電材料の黄変を十分に抑制することができる。
本発明に係る導電材料は、三フッ化ホウ素錯体を含む。上記三フッ化ホウ素錯体は、1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。
上記導電材料は、フラックスを含むことが好ましい。フラックスの使用により、導電性粒子におけるはんだを電極上により一層効果的に配置することができる。該フラックスは特に限定されない。フラックスとして、はんだ接合等に一般的に用いられているフラックスを使用できる。
上記導電材料には、フィラーを添加してもよい。フィラーは、有機フィラーであってもよく、無機フィラーであってもよい。フィラーの添加により、基板の全電極上に対して、導電性粒子を均一に凝集させることができる。
上記導電材料は、必要に応じて、例えば、充填剤、増量剤、軟化剤、可塑剤、重合触媒、硬化触媒、着色剤、酸化防止剤、熱安定剤、光安定剤、紫外線吸収剤、滑剤、帯電防止剤及び難燃剤等の各種添加剤を含んでいてもよい。
本発明に係る接続構造体は、少なくとも1つの第1の電極を表面に有する第1の接続対象部材と、少なくとも1つの第2の電極を表面に有する第2の接続対象部材と、上記第1の接続対象部材と、上記第2の接続対象部材とを接続している接続部とを備える。本発明に係る接続構造体では、上記接続部の材料が、上述した導電材料である。本発明に係る接続構造体では、上記第1の電極と上記第2の電極とが、上記接続部中のはんだ部により電気的に接続されている。
ダウ・ケミカル社製「D.E.N-431」、エポキシ樹脂
三菱ケミカル社製「jER152」、エポキシ樹脂
淀化学社製「TMTP」、トリメチロールプロパントリスチオプロピオネート
日立化成社製「HN-5500」、3or4-メチル-ヘキサヒドロ無水フタル酸
ステラケミファ社製「BF3-MEA」、三フッ化ホウ素-モノエチルアミン錯体
ステラケミファ社製「BF3-PIP」、三フッ化ホウ素-ピペリジン錯体
「BF3-TEA」、三フッ化ホウ素-トリエチルアミン錯体
(「BF3-TEA」の合成)
トリエチルアミンとBF3-エーテラートとをエーテル中で反応させ、減圧蒸留で精製することで、三フッ化ホウ素-トリエチルアミン錯体を得た。
四国化成工業社製「2PZ-CN」、1-シアノエチル-2-フェニルイミダゾール
四国化成工業社製「2E4MZ」、2-エチル-4-メチルイミダゾール
和光純薬工業社製「グルタル酸」と「ベンジルアミン」との1:1モル比での中和反応でできた塩
三井金属鉱業社製のはんだ粒子「Sn42Bi58(DS-10)」
(1)異方性導電ペーストの作製
下記の表1に示す成分を下記の表1に示す配合量で配合して、異方性導電ペーストを得た。
(条件Aでの接続構造体の具体的な作製方法)
作製直後の異方性導電ペーストを用いて、以下のようにして、第1の接続構造体を作製した。
以下の変更をしたこと以外は、条件Aと同様にして、第1の接続構造体を作製した。
ガラスエポキシ基板の上面に、作製直後の異方性導電ペーストを、ガラスエポキシ基板の電極上で厚さ100μmとなるように、メタルマスクを用い、スクリーン印刷にて塗工し、異方性導電ペースト層を形成した後、大気雰囲気下、23℃、50%RHで12時間放置した。放置後、異方性導電ペースト層の上面にフレキシブルプリント基板を、電極同士が対向するように積層した。
L/Sが75μm/75μm、電極長さ3mmの銅電極パターン(銅電極の厚み12μm)を上面に有するガラスエポキシ基板(FR-4基板)(第1の接続対象部材)を用意した。また、L/Sが75μm/75μm、電極長さ3mmの銅電極パターン(銅電極の厚み12μm)を下面に有するフレキシブルプリント基板(第2の接続対象部材)を用意した。
L/Sが100μm/100μm、電極長さ3mmの銅電極パターン(銅電極の厚み12μm)を上面に有するガラスエポキシ基板(FR-4基板)(第1の接続対象部材)を用意した。また、L/Sが100μm/100μm、電極長さ3mmの銅電極パターン(銅電極の厚み12μm)を下面に有するフレキシブルプリント基板(第2の接続対象部材)を用意した。
(1)粘度上昇率(η2/η1)
作製直後の異方性導電ペーストの25℃での粘度(η1)を測定した。また、作製直後の異方性導電ペーストを常温で24時間放置し、放置後の異方性導電ペーストの25℃での粘度(η2)を測定した。上記粘度は、E型粘度計(東機産業社製「TVE22L」)を用いて、25℃及び5rpmの条件で測定した。粘度の測定値から、粘度上昇率(η2/η1)を算出した。粘度上昇率(η2/η1)を下記の基準で判定した。
○:粘度上昇率(η2/η1)が2以下
×:粘度上昇率(η2/η1)が2を超える
得られた第1の接続構造体を断面観察することにより、上下の電極が間に位置しているはんだ部の厚みを評価した。
得られた第1,第2,第3の接続構造体において、第1の電極と接続部と第2の電極との積層方向に第1の電極と第2の電極との対向し合う部分をみたときに、第1の電極と第2の電極との対向し合う部分の面積100%中の、接続部中のはんだ部が配置されている面積の割合Xを評価した。電極上のはんだの配置精度を下記の基準で判定した。
○○:割合Xが70%以上
○:割合Xが60%以上、70%未満
△:割合Xが50%以上、60%未満
×:割合Xが50%未満
得られた第1,第2,第3の接続構造体(n=15個)において、上下の電極間の1接続箇所当たりの接続抵抗をそれぞれ、4端子法により、測定した。接続抵抗の平均値を算出した。なお、電圧=電流×抵抗の関係から、一定の電流を流した時の電圧を測定することにより接続抵抗を求めることができる。導通信頼性を下記の基準で判定した。
○○:接続抵抗の平均値が50mΩ以下
○:接続抵抗の平均値が50mΩを超え、70mΩ以下
△:接続抵抗の平均値が70mΩを超え、100mΩ以下
×:接続抵抗の平均値が100mΩを超える、又は接続不良が生じている
得られた第1,第2,第3の接続構造体(n=15個)において、85℃、湿度85%の雰囲気中に100時間放置後、横方向に隣接する電極間に、5Vを印加し、抵抗値を25箇所で測定した。絶縁信頼性を下記の基準で判定した。
○○:接続抵抗の平均値が107Ω以上
○:接続抵抗の平均値が106Ω以上、107Ω未満
△:接続抵抗の平均値が105Ω以上、106Ω未満
×:接続抵抗の平均値が105Ω未満
得られた第1,第2,第3の接続構造体において、第1の電極と接続部と第2の電極との積層方向に第1の電極と第2の電極との対向し合う部分をみたときに、第1の電極の中心線と第2の電極の中心線とが揃っているか否かを観察し、位置ずれの距離を評価した。上下の電極間の位置ずれを下記の基準で判定した。
○○:位置ずれが15μm未満
○:位置ずれが15μm以上、25μm未満
△:位置ずれが25μm以上、40μm未満
×:位置ずれが40μm以上
得られた第1,第2,第3の接続構造体において、各接続構造体の接続部が変色しているか否かを顕微鏡で観察し、導電材料の変色を評価した。導電材料の変色を下記の基準で判定した。
○:接続部が変色していない
×:接続部が変色している
2…第1の接続対象部材
2a…第1の電極
3…第2の接続対象部材
3a…第2の電極
4,4X…接続部
4A,4XA…はんだ部
4B,4XB…硬化物部
11…導電材料
11A…はんだ粒子(導電性粒子)
11B…熱硬化性成分
21…導電性粒子(はんだ粒子)
31…導電性粒子
32…基材粒子
33…導電部(はんだを有する導電部)
33A…第2の導電部
33B…はんだ部
41…導電性粒子
42…はんだ部
Claims (10)
- 導電部の外表面部分にはんだを有する複数の導電性粒子と、熱硬化性化合物と、三フッ化ホウ素錯体とを含み、
前記はんだの融点での導電材料の粘度が、0.1Pa・s以上、50Pa・s以下であり、
導電材料は、熱硬化剤を含まないか又は含み、
導電材料が熱硬化剤を含む場合には、前記熱硬化性化合物100重量部に対して、前記熱硬化剤の含有量が、1重量部未満である、導電材料。 - 前記三フッ化ホウ素錯体が、三フッ化ホウ素-アミン錯体である、請求項1に記載の導電材料。
- 25℃での粘度が、50Pa・s以上、500Pa・s以下である、請求項1又は2に記載の導電材料。
- 前記導電性粒子の平均粒子径が、0.5μm以上、100μm以下である、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の導電材料。
- 導電材料100重量%中、前記導電性粒子の含有量が、30重量%以上、95重量%以下である、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の導電材料。
- 導電ペーストである、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の導電材料。
- 少なくとも1つの第1の電極を表面に有する第1の接続対象部材と、
少なくとも1つの第2の電極を表面に有する第2の接続対象部材と、
前記第1の接続対象部材と、前記第2の接続対象部材とを接続している接続部とを備え、
前記接続部の材料が、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の導電材料であり、
前記第1の電極と前記第2の電極とが、前記接続部中のはんだ部により電気的に接続されている、接続構造体。 - 前記第1の電極と前記接続部と前記第2の電極との積層方向に前記第1の電極と前記第2の電極との対向し合う部分をみたときに、前記第1の電極と前記第2の電極との対向し合う部分の面積100%中の50%以上に、前記接続部中のはんだ部が配置されている、請求項7に記載の接続構造体。
- 請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の導電材料を用いて、少なくとも1つの第1の電極を表面に有する第1の接続対象部材の表面上に、前記導電材料を配置する工程と、
前記導電材料の前記第1の接続対象部材側とは反対の表面上に、少なくとも1つの第2の電極を表面に有する第2の接続対象部材を、前記第1の電極と前記第2の電極とが対向するように配置する工程と、
前記導電性粒子におけるはんだの融点以上に前記導電材料を加熱することで、前記第1の接続対象部材と前記第2の接続対象部材とを接続している接続部を、前記導電材料により形成し、かつ、前記第1の電極と前記第2の電極とを、前記接続部中のはんだ部により電気的に接続する工程とを備える、接続構造体の製造方法。 - 前記第1の電極と前記接続部と前記第2の電極との積層方向に前記第1の電極と前記第2の電極との対向し合う部分をみたときに、前記第1の電極と前記第2の電極との対向し合う部分の面積100%中の50%以上に、前記接続部中のはんだ部が配置されている接続構造体を得る、請求項9に記載の接続構造体の製造方法。
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