JP7390995B2 - パワーモジュールの製造方法 - Google Patents
パワーモジュールの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7390995B2 JP7390995B2 JP2020144661A JP2020144661A JP7390995B2 JP 7390995 B2 JP7390995 B2 JP 7390995B2 JP 2020144661 A JP2020144661 A JP 2020144661A JP 2020144661 A JP2020144661 A JP 2020144661A JP 7390995 B2 JP7390995 B2 JP 7390995B2
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- thermosetting resin
- resin composition
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- NGGIZAWDYJYQBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-tert-butyl-4-cyanatophenyl) cyanate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(OC#N)=CC=C1OC#N NGGIZAWDYJYQBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Description
パワーモジュールの製造方法であって、下記(1)~(4)
(1)複数の半導体素子が搭載された絶縁基板を収納した容器に、25℃で固体の熱硬化性樹脂組成物を配置する配置工程、
(2)次いで、前記熱硬化性樹脂組成物が配置された前記容器を、加熱、加圧、減圧できる成型装置内に配置して加熱し、前記熱硬化性樹脂組成物を溶融する溶融工程、
(3)その後、前記成型装置内を1回以上減圧及び1回以上加圧する加減圧工程、
(4)更に、前記成型装置内を加熱して前記熱硬化性樹脂組成物を硬化させる硬化工程
の工程を含むパワーモジュールの製造方法を提供する。
パワーモジュールの製造方法であって、下記(1)~(4)
(1)複数の半導体素子が搭載された絶縁基板を収納した容器に、25℃で固体の熱硬化性樹脂組成物を配置する配置工程、
(2)次いで、前記熱硬化性樹脂組成物が配置された前記容器を、加熱、加圧、減圧できる成型装置内に配置して加熱し、前記熱硬化性樹脂組成物を溶融する溶融工程、
(3)その後、前記成型装置内を1回以上減圧及び1回以上加圧する加減圧工程、
(4)更に、前記成型装置内を加熱して前記熱硬化性樹脂組成物を硬化させる硬化工程
の工程を含むパワーモジュールの製造方法である。
(1)配置工程
本発明の製造方法における(1)配置工程では、25℃で固体の熱硬化性樹脂組成物を複数のパワー半導体素子が搭載された絶縁基板を収納した容器に配置する。配置する容器は、ポリフェニレンサルファイド(PPS)樹脂やポリブチレンテレフタレート(PBT)樹脂、ポリエチレンナフタレート(PEN)樹脂などの熱可塑性樹脂のケースや型などを備えていてもよい。具体的には図2に示す。
本工程では、熱硬化性樹脂組成物が配置された容器を、加熱、加圧、減圧できる成型容器(成型装置)内に配置して加熱し、熱硬化性樹脂組成物を溶融する。熱硬化性樹脂組成物を溶融するときの熱硬化性樹脂組成物の温度は、使用する熱硬化性樹脂の軟化点や融点により適宜変更することができるが、熱硬化性樹脂組成物の粘度を低下させる観点から、上記熱硬化性樹脂組成物の軟化点または融点以上かつ200℃以下の範囲が好ましい。温度の範囲のうち低い側は軟化点または融点から20℃以上高い温度がより好ましく、軟化点または融点から30℃以上高い温度が更に好ましい。温度の範囲のうち高い側は180℃以下がより好ましく、150℃以下がさらに好ましい。熱硬化性樹脂組成物の融点又は軟化点以上であれば、粘度が低く抑えられるためボイドや未充填の原因とはならず、200℃以下であれば、熱硬化性樹脂組成物が硬化して、内部ボイドや表面ボイドが十分に除去できないという恐れがない。
本工程では、熱硬化性樹脂組成物が配置された容器を成型容器内において減圧及び加圧する。本発明において減圧工程とは、大気圧から所望する減圧度まで減圧するまでの工程を指し、加圧工程とは、大気圧から所望する加圧度まで加圧するまでの工程を指すものとする。なお、加圧または減圧状態から大気圧に戻るまでの過程は、本発明の製造方法において製造されるパワーモジュールの品質には影響ないため、考慮しないものとする。
減圧時の減圧度は、670Pa~90,000Paに設定してもよい。ボイドの発生を抑制する観点から、2,000Pa~50,000Paであることが好ましく、4,000~40,000Paであることがより好ましい。670Pa以上であれば、熱硬化性樹脂組成物がケースから溢れる恐れがなく、90,000Pa以下であれば減圧による脱泡効果が十分になる。
減圧速度=(初期圧力-減圧限界圧力)/(減圧限界圧力到達時間)
(圧力の単位はPa、到達時間の単位は秒である。)
加圧工程における加圧度は、ボイドの発生を抑制する観点から、0.1MPa~10MPaの範囲が好ましく、0.2MPa~5MPaであることがより好ましく、0.2MPa~3MPaであることがさらに好ましい。0.1MPa以上であれば、表面のボイドが残りにくく、狭小部分への樹脂の侵入性が良好になる。10MPa以下であれば、樹脂が流れ過ぎず、ケースから溢れる恐れがない。
加圧速度=(加圧限界圧力-初期圧力)/(加圧限界圧力到達時間)
(圧力の単位はPa、到達時間の単位は秒である。)
本工程では、加減圧工程の後に、成型容器内において熱硬化性樹脂組成物をさらに加熱して硬化させる。
本発明のパワーモジュールの製造方法に用いられる熱硬化性樹脂組成物は25℃で固体の樹脂組成物を用いる。固体の熱硬化性樹脂組成物の形状はどのような形状でもよく、粉末状、顆粒状、シート状、ペレット状のいずれであってもよい。シート状、ペレット状の形態であれば、樹脂が溶融する際にボイドが発生しにくくなる。また、シート状やペレット状であれば加熱溶融時に樹脂に均一に熱が伝わりやすくなるため、減圧の工程の際に泡抜け性が良く、表面や内部にボイドが残りにくくなる。
本発明で用いる熱硬化性樹脂組成物の調製方法としては、従来公知の方法を適宜用いることができる。調製方法としては、例えば、熱ロール、ニーダー、エクストルーダー等が挙げられる。得られた熱硬化性樹脂組成物を粉砕することにより粉末状にしてもよく、粉末にしてから打錠することでタブレット状若しくは顆粒状にしてもよく、又はプレス装置やTダイを用いてシート状にしてもよい。成型時のボイド低減の観点からペレット状またはシート状が好ましい。
熱硬化性樹脂組成物の120℃における粘度としては、0.01Pa・s~500Pa・sが好ましく、0.1Pa・s~300Pa・sがさらに好ましく、0.1Pa・s~100Pa・sが特に好ましい。本発明において、熱硬化性樹脂組成物の120℃における粘度とは、JIS K 7244-10:2005記載のレオメーターを用いて測定した値を指す。レオメーターとしては、例えば、HR-2(TA Instruments社製)が用いられる。
本発明のパワーモジュールは、パワー半導体デバイスが接合された絶縁基板と、この絶縁基板を封止する熱硬化性樹脂組成物の硬化物を備えたものとすることができる。
[熱硬化性樹脂組成物の調製]
エポキシ樹脂2:トリフェノールメタン型エポキシ樹脂(EPPN-501H:日本化薬社製)
硬化剤:フェノールノボラック樹脂(BRG-555:アイカ工業社製)
硬化促進剤:尿素型触媒(U-CAT3513N:サンアプロ社製)
カップリング剤:γ-グリシドキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン(商品名:KBM403、信越化学工業社製)
溶融シリカ:平均粒径14μmの溶融球状シリカ(龍森社製)
着色剤:カーボンブラック(三菱ケミカル社製)
調製した組成物の軟化点をJIS K 7234(1986)に従い測定し、その結果を表1に記載した。
調製した熱硬化性樹脂組成物を120℃に設定したレオメーター(プレート直径25mm、測定周波数1Hz)を用いて測定を行い、数値を表1に記載した。また、初期の粘度の10倍に到達する時間を表1に記載した。
表1に示す熱硬化性樹脂組成物を120℃×30分、さらに180℃×1時間で加熱硬化して成型し、硬化物を得た。
熱硬化性樹脂組成物を硬化させて得た硬化物を、5×5×15mmの試験片にそれぞれを加工した後、それらの試験片を熱膨張計TMA8140C(株式会社リガク社製)にセットした。そして、昇温プログラムを昇温速度5℃/分に設定し、19.6mNの一定荷重が加わるように設定した後、25℃から300℃までの間で試験片の寸法変化を測定した。この寸法変化と温度との関係をグラフにプロットした(グラフの一例を図1に示す)。このようにして得られた寸法変化と温度とのグラフから、下記に説明するガラス転移温度の決定方法により、実施例及び比較例におけるガラス転移温度を求めた。
上記ガラス転移温度測定と同じ条件で硬化物の熱機械分析を行い、40℃から80℃までの温度範囲の測定結果から、線膨張係数を算出し、CTE1とした。
曲げ弾性率は、JIS K 6911:2006に準じ、上記の硬化物を用いて測定を行った。
ポリフェニレンサルファイド(PPS)樹脂製の枠がついた、110mm×90mmのニッケルメッキされた銅と絶縁性のセラミックからなるDBC(ダイレクトボンド銅)絶縁基板上に、はんだを介してSiチップをダイボンドし、アルミワイヤでワイヤーボンディングを行った容器を用意した。表1記載の熱硬化性樹脂組成物を封止面積に対し95%の面積になるよう、容器内に配置した。加圧オーブン内に、熱硬化性樹脂組成物が配置された容器を配置した。その後、加圧オーブン内を10℃/分の速度で、100℃まで昇温して組成物を溶融した。100℃到達後、加圧オーブン内を50,000Paまで300Pa/秒の減圧速度で減圧を行い、50,000Pa到達後、1分間保持した。その後、加圧オーブン内を大気圧にし、100℃で1.0MPaまで0.1MPa/分の速度で加圧した。1.0MPa到達後、10分間保持した。その後、加圧オーブン内を1.0MPaに加圧した状態で、10℃/分の速度で、150℃まで昇温した。150℃到達後、2時間保持し熱硬化性樹脂組成物を加熱硬化し、パワーモジュールを得た。
熱硬化性樹脂組成物を封止面積に対し30%の面積になるよう、容器内に配置した以外は実施例1と同様にしてパワーモジュールを得た。
加圧オーブン内を100℃に昇温する際の昇温速度を0.5℃/分とし、熱硬化性樹脂組成物を溶融した以外は実施例1と同様にしてパワーモジュールを得た。
加圧オーブン内を100℃に昇温する際の昇温速度を30℃/分とし、熱硬化性樹脂組成物を溶融した以外は実施例1と同様にしてパワーモジュールを得た。
加圧オーブン内を180℃に昇温し、熱硬化性樹脂組成物を溶融した以外は実施例1と同様にしてパワーモジュールを得た。
加圧オーブン内を2,000Paまで減圧した以外は実施例1と同様にしてパワーモジュールを得た。
加圧オーブン内を100Pa/秒で減圧した以外は実施例1と同様にしてパワーモジュールを得た。
加圧オーブン内を60,000Pa/秒で減圧した以外は実施例1と同様にしてパワーモジュールを得た。
加圧オーブン内を0.2MPaに加圧した以外は実施例1と同様にしてパワーモジュールを得た。
加圧オーブン内を5MPaに加圧した以外は実施例1と同様にしてパワーモジュールを得た。
熱硬化性樹脂組成物を封止面積に対し20%の面積になるよう、容器内に配置した以外は実施例1と同様にしてパワーモジュールを得た。
加圧オーブン内を100℃に昇温する際の昇温速度を0.3℃/分とし、熱硬化性樹脂組成物を溶融した以外は実施例1と同様にしてパワーモジュールを得た。
加圧オーブン内を100℃に昇温する際の昇温速度を60℃/分とし、熱硬化性樹脂組成物を溶融した以外は実施例1と同様にしてパワーモジュールを得た。
加圧オーブン内を60℃に昇温し、熱硬化性樹脂組成物を溶融した以外は実施例1と同様にしてパワーモジュールを得た。
加圧オーブン内を220℃に昇温し、熱硬化性樹脂組成物を溶融した以外は実施例1と同様にしてパワーモジュールを得た。
加圧オーブン内を300Paまで減圧した以外は実施例1と同様にしてパワーモジュールを得た。
加圧オーブン内を50Pa/秒で減圧した以外は実施例1と同様にしてパワーモジュールを得た。
加圧オーブン内を75,000Pa/秒で減圧した以外は実施例1と同様にしてパワーモジュールを得た。
加圧オーブン内を0.06MPaに加圧した以外は実施例1と同様にしてパワーモジュールを得た。
加圧オーブン内を加熱せず、熱硬化性樹脂組成物を溶融する工程を含まない以外は実施例1と同様にしてパワーモジュールを得た。
加圧オーブン内を減圧する工程を含まない以外は実施例1と同様にしてパワーモジュールを得た。
加圧オーブン内を加圧する工程を含まない以外は実施例1と同様にしてパワーモジュールを得た。
加圧オーブン内を加熱し、熱硬化性樹脂組成物を硬化する工程を含まない以外は実施例1と同様にしてパワーモジュールを得た。
実施例1~19及び比較例1~4にて得られたパワーモジュールについて、光学顕微鏡を用いて、表面のボイドの有無を確認した。表面の直径100μm以上のボイドの数が2個/cm3以下を◎、表面のボイドの数が3~5個/cm3を〇、表面のボイドの数が6~10個/cm3を△、表面のボイドの数が10個/cm3を超えるものを×とし表2に記載した。
実施例1~19及び比較例1~4にて得られたパワーモジュールについて、超音波探査装置を用いて内部のボイドの有無を確認した。内部の直径100μm以上のボイドの数が2個/cm3以下を◎、内部のボイドの数が3~5個/cm3を〇、内部のボイドの数が6~10個/cm3を△、内部のボイドの数が10個/cm3を超えるものを×とし表2に記載した。
実施例1~19及び比較例1~4にて得られたパワーモジュールについて、ヒートサイクル試験(-65℃で30分間保持、150℃で30分間保持を1,000サイクル繰り返す)に供し、ヒートサイクル試験後の熱硬化性樹脂組成物とDBC絶縁基板上との剥離状態を、超音波探査装置を用いて確認した。合計5つの成型品の、剥離が認められた成型品を数えた。
実施例1~19及び比較例1~4にて得られたパワーモジュールについて、耐湿信頼性試験(プレッシャークッカーにて121℃、2.03×105Paの飽和水蒸気下で48時間曝露)に供し、耐湿信頼性試験後の熱硬化性樹脂組成物とDBC絶縁基板上との剥離状態を、超音波探査装置を用いて確認した。合計5つの成型品の、剥離が認められた成型品を数えた。
2…ボンディングワイヤ、 3…パワー半導体素子、 4…絶縁基板、 5…容器、
6…熱硬化性樹脂組成物、 7…成型容器
Claims (7)
- パワーモジュールの製造方法であって、下記(1)~(4)
(1)複数の半導体素子が搭載された絶縁基板を収納した容器に、25℃で固体の熱硬化性樹脂組成物を配置する配置工程、
(2)次いで、前記熱硬化性樹脂組成物が配置された前記容器を、加熱、加圧、減圧できる成型装置内に配置して加熱し、前記熱硬化性樹脂組成物を溶融する溶融工程、
(3)その後、前記成型装置内を1回以上減圧及び1回以上加圧する加減圧工程、
(4)更に、前記成型装置内を加熱して前記熱硬化性樹脂組成物を硬化させる硬化工程
の工程を含み、
前記加減圧工程(3)の減圧工程において、670Pa~90,000Paに減圧することを特徴とするパワーモジュールの製造方法。 - 前記溶融工程(2)において、加熱温度を前記熱硬化性樹脂組成物の融点もしくは軟化点以上とし、かつ200℃以下とすることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のパワーモジュールの製造方法。
- 前記溶融工程(2)において、加熱時の昇温速度を0.5℃/分~50℃/分とすることを特徴とする請求項1又は請求項2に記載のパワーモジュールの製造方法。
- 前記加減圧工程(3)において、減圧及び/又は加圧を2回以上繰り返すことを特徴とする請求項1から請求項3のいずれか一項に記載のパワーモジュールの製造方法。
- 前記加減圧工程(3)の加圧工程において、0.1MPa~10MPaに加圧することを特徴とする請求項1から請求項4のいずれか一項に記載のパワーモジュールの製造方法。
- 前記加減圧工程(3)の減圧工程において、大気圧から設定された減圧度までの減圧速度を100~60,000Pa/秒とすることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項5のいずれか一項に記載のパワーモジュールの製造方法。
- 前記配置工程(1)において、前記熱硬化性樹脂組成物を封止面積の30%~95%の面積となるように配置することを特徴とする請求項1から請求項6のいずれか一項に記載のパワーモジュールの製造方法。
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